瓠瓜KNOX基因家族全基因组鉴定及组织表达分析

【目的】 探明瓠瓜KNOX基因家族特征,在瓠瓜全基因组水平上对KNOX基因家族成员进行鉴定和分析,研究其组织表达模式。【方法】利用生物信息学方法,对瓠瓜KNOX家族基因成员进行鉴定、编码蛋白理化性质分析及家族成员结构域和保守基序分析,利用MEGA 5.05软件构建系统进化树,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术,分析KNOX基因在瓠瓜不同组织（根、茎、叶、花、果实）中的表达情况。【结果】鉴定到12个瓠瓜KNOX家族基因,这些基因分布在6条染色体上,且均定位于细胞核。大多数瓠瓜KNOX家族蛋白含有同源异型盒蛋白特有的4种结构域KNOX1、KNOX2、ELK 和Homeobox_KN。系统进化分析将瓠瓜KNOX基因分为KNOX Class Ⅰ和KNOX Class Ⅱ 2大类群,2个类群又可进一步分为5个分支,其中Class Ⅰ-C为瓠瓜特有的进化分支。KNOX基因启动子区有多个激素响应元件和植物生长相关元件。组织表达分析发现,瓠瓜KNOX基因具有不同的表达模式,KNOX Class Ⅰ类基因表达具有组织特异性,在根、茎和果实中表达量较高,在其余组织中表达量较低或不表达,其中Lsi04G014450在根和茎中表达量最高,Lsi11G006380在果实中表达量最高;KNOX Class Ⅱ类基因在所有组织中均有较高表达。【结论】瓠瓜KNOX基因家族有12个成员,分布于6条染色体上,在进化关系上可分为5组,具有瓠瓜特有的进化分支,在不同组织中的表达具有特异性。     

中苜一号紫花苜蓿碳同化分配与转移速率的研究

对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)(中苜一号)的生长条件进行控制,并在分枝期对其进行13C脉冲标记,收集标记后第6,12,18,24,30 d的叶、茎、根以及土壤样品,测定各样品中13C含量,以此来探讨苜蓿光合碳的吸收与转移.结果表明:苜蓿各组分光合产物的分配顺序为茎＞叶＞根;13C转移速率为叶＞茎＞根,随着时间的延长,苜蓿各组分13C含量逐渐减少,最终达到稳定状态;渗漏到土壤中的13C含量在0～10 cm土壤层显著高于10～20 cm,但10～20 cm的13C含量比较稳定.     

IN VITRO EVALUATION OF FELINE LEUKOCYTES RADIOLABELED IN WHOLE BLOOD WITH 99MTC STANNOUS COLLOID

Technetium-99m stannous colloid (^99mTcSnC) has been used to radiolabel human leukocytes to investigate various inflammatory disorders. We investigated the in vitro behavior of feline leukocytes labeled in whole blood with ^99mTcSnC. Heparinized blood samples were collected from healthy cats and divided into control and test aliquots. The latter were labeled with ^99mTcSnC using a standard procedure. Leukocyte viability was determined for each sample using a trypan blue exclusion test. Labeling efficiency was determined for test aliquots. Test aliquots were layered onto Histopaque-1077^® and centrifuged before measurement of radioactivity of the blood components. Leukocytes from radiolabeled and control samples were washed and incubated with opsonized zymosan particles to allow assessment of phagocytic function. Aliquots were taken from radiolabeled feline leukocyte samples at 1, 3, 4, and 7 h postlabelling. After centrifugation of each aliquot, radioactivity of the supernatant and pellet was measured and the labeling retention determined. Leukocyte viability in both radiolabeled and control samples was >98%. The labeling efficiency was 95.2±0.14%. The distribution of radioactivity in feline blood was found to be 3.4±0.18% in plasma, 39.0±0.37% in erythrocytes, and 57.6±0.38% in leukocytes. Labeled feline leukocytes had phagocytic activity of 90.9±0.18% (control 91.3±0.15%). The radiolabeled leukocytes retained 93.4±0.19% of the radioactivity up to 7 h postlabeling. ^99mTcSnC efficiently labeled feline leukocytes with no effect on viability and minimal effect on phagocytic function. The percentage retention of radioactivity by the leukocytes was still high at 7 h postlabeling.     

The effect of exogenous purine supply on the endogenous excretion of purine derivatives in the urine of growing lambs

An experiment was made to determine the absorption of purine metabolites in dietary nucleic acids through the digestive tract, and also to determine the utilization of nucleic acids absorbed in the body, using growing lambs. Two pairs of 120‐ and 180‐day‐old twin female lambs with a bodyweight of 18.2–19.0 kg were kept in metabolism crates and fed on purine‐free milk replacement (MR) with supplements of exogenous purine (purine base or purine nucleoside) at a level of 0.2 mmol/BW^0.75/d for 5 consecutive days, and thereafter they were maintained in the crates for 4 days. The daily amount of exogenous purine supply was calculated based on the urinary excreted purine derivatives (PD) in lambs fed on milk replacement alone. A urine sample was collected daily for 9 consecutive days, and the urinary excretion of PD was determined daily. Urinary PD excretion opened to increase within 24 h after the dose of purine bases, and the level was recovered on 3 days after ceasing the exogenous purine supply. The recovery of PD in the urine was about 70% of the purine supplement. When purine nucleosides were added to the feed, urinary PD excretion was initiated within 24 h after dosing, and the values were recovered after ending the purine nucleoside supply. The recovery rate of PD in the urine was only 30% of the supplemented purine. The plasma allantoin levels were almost similar after feeding purine bases and purine nucleosides, and the values were mostly in the range (40–60 µmol/L). These findings indicate that an exogenous purine can be directly incorporated into the body, and the purine as nucleoside is more effectively utilized for the synthesis of nucleic acids than as a purine base in the body of growing lambs.     

无糖奶啤的研制

奶啤是以鲜牛乳、麦芽、酒花为主要原料,利用二次生物发酵技术酿制的一种高附加值,低醇的高级乳制饮品。目前国内奶啤蔗糖含量高,市场上还没有无糖奶啤的产品,为了丰富奶啤的种类,本试验用木糖醇作为蔗糖替代品,研制出一款无糖的特色奶啤。在单因素试验基础上,利用响应面优化无糖奶啤的配方及工艺。结果表明,小麦料液比为1∶5（kg/L）,将麦芽料液进行糖化、过滤,投入0.2 g/L卡斯卡特啤酒花煮沸30 min,添加0.2 g/L捷克萨兹啤酒花煮沸45 min后,接入0.2%的艾尔酵母,20 ℃的条件下发酵5 天,然后与发酵乳（5∶1）混合,在28 ℃下后酵10 h后过滤,加入1‰的三氯蔗糖、5%木糖醇、0.3%复配乳化增稠剂,20 Mpa均质两次,灭菌后得到成品。在此工艺条件下,得到的无糖奶啤感官评分较高,酒香和乳香和谐一体,风味饱满。     

鲜牛奶营养评价与FOP标签方案

为指导消费者选购整体营养价值高的鲜牛奶,以及优化鲜牛奶供给结构,本文借鉴瑞典锁孔(Keyhole)标识、较健康选择标志、指引星标签、选择标识、NuVal评分标签的营养素度量法以及评价鲜牛奶的营养成分、信息显示形式等国外实践经验,构建富含营养素食物(NRF)9.3模型,对《中国食物成分表》(第6版第2册)收录的鲜牛奶(全脂,光明鲜牛奶)、鲜牛奶(全脂,现代牧场鲜牛奶)、鲜牛奶(全脂,完达山鲜牛乳)、鲜牛奶(全脂,辉山鲜博士鲜牛奶)、鲜牛奶(全脂,一鸣鲜牛奶)、鲜牛奶(全脂,新希望千岛湖牧场鲜牛奶)6种鲜牛奶营养数据开展营养评价。结果发现,6种鲜牛奶的NRF 9.3值均大于0,每418.4 kJ的鼓励性营养成分含量均高于限制性营养成分含量,但这些鲜牛奶间的营养价值差别不大。虽然6种鲜牛奶适用于评分、评级FOP标签方案,但鲜牛奶仅能以2～3星级展示,不及评分的区分度高,更适合采用评分型方案。     

地高辛标记核酸探针的标记方法及其在食用菌研究领域的应用

综述了非放射性地高辛（DIG）标记系统的原理和主要特点，介绍了地高辛标记核酸探针的主要标记方法，影响探针标记方法选择的因素，标记探针的显色检测方法及其在食用菌研究领域的应用。     

JMF-3A型麦芽辊式破碎机的研制

为了满足小型啤酒坊、酒店及家庭对自酿鲜啤酒的生产需要,研制了一种与小型啤酒生产线配套使用的麦芽辊式破碎机。通过solidworks建模运动仿真和生产试验证明,该机生产效率高,破碎效果好,结构紧凑,运转平稳,安全性好且整机振动小,噪音低。满足了市场需求,提高了经济和社会效益。     

弥散性神经内分泌细胞标志物在妊娠期山羊黄体细胞中的共存

【目的】探讨S-100蛋白、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、神经特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和突触素(SYP)4种弥散性神经内分泌细胞标志物在黄体细胞中的共存情况。【方法】采取妊娠中期(50~70 d)奶山羊卵巢,常规方法制备石蜡切片,采用免疫荧光双标记法结合激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察,对4种弥散性神经内分泌细胞标志物的分布进行了检测。【结果】S-100蛋白与SYP共存于同一黄体细胞中,表达呈强阳性,阳性细胞主要分布在黄体周边,占总阳性细胞的56.57%。S-100蛋白与5-HT、5-HT与SYP、NSE与SYP、5-HT与NSE、S-100蛋白与NSE共存的细胞呈弱阳性,分别占总阳性细胞的18.42%,15.67%,4.31%,4.30%和0.73%,均匀分布于整个黄体中。【结论】S-100蛋白、5-HT、NSE和SYP在山羊黄体细胞中有两两共存现象。     

家禽诊疗文本多实体关系联合抽取模型研究

针对传统实体关系抽取方法中主体特征与句向量难以有效融合、现有BIO标注策略难以有效处理重叠关系的问题,提出一种基于BERT和双重指针标注的家禽疾病诊疗文本实体关系联合抽取模型(Joint extraction of entity relationship of poultry disease diagnosis and...