天然长白松生物量的研究

天然长白松仅见于长白山北坡海拔630～1 400 m之间,是我国特有的松科松属植物,因其特殊的分类地位,被列为国家Ⅲ级珍稀濒危树种,而受到广泛关注。本文利用多元分析方法,对第一代天然长白松的生产结构和生物量进行研究。给出长白松生物量估测的回归模型及估测参数,指出生物量在长白松天然林中的分配规律,为经营长白山这一特有的种群提供理论依据。     

Recovery of photosynthetic capacity in Scots pine: a model analysis of forest plots with contrasting soil temperature

Both aboveground and belowground climate affects net primary production (NNP) and forest growth. Little is known about how above and belowground factors interact. The BIOMASS-model was tested to simulate photosynthetic recovery over a wide range of soil temperatures created by snow cover manipulations on tree-scale plots in a 20-year-old Scots pine stand in northern Sweden. The differences in timing of soil warming between the plots covered a span of two months. Carbon assimilation in needles, sap flow, needle water potential and climatic parameters were measured in the field. The simulations revealed that an early start of soil warming gave a relatively early photosynthetic recovery and a 7.5% increase of NPP. Late soil warming delayed the photosynthetic recovery and reduced the NPP by 13.7%. This indicated that soil temperature needed to be accounted for, as well as air temperature, when analysing photosynthetic recovery and NPP in boreal environment. The effects of differences in soil temperature were reflected in the simulated photosynthetic recovery. The model did not fully capture the delay of photosynthetic recovery caused by a late soil warming. It was possible to integrate the complexity of the soil climate effects into a threshold date for soil thaw, using sapflow measurements together with information about air temperature and a day degree sum, as long as water availability was not limiting water uptake by roots. Although a more realistic mechanism than that currently in BIOMASS is desirable as climate change shifts the typical patterns of interplay between air and soil temperature dynamics.     

毛竹笋用林雪灾后恢复典型事例浅析

2008年1月中旬至2月上旬,连续低温雨雪天气造成嵊州严重雪灾,嵊州的毛竹笋用林受到不同程度的影响.通过对5个典型样地冰雪灾害前后以及采取恢复技术措施后的竹笋产量和新竹调查表明,冰雪灾害造成未钩梢毛竹林内35.03%的毛竹倾斜或折断,经钩梢的毛竹林的倾斜或折断竹仅为8.61%;2008年春笋产量明显低于2007年,平均下降29.53%,新竹眉围也比2007年平均降低16.14%;采取恢复技术措施管理后,2009年春笋产量和新竹眉围得到明显提高,已恢复到雪灾前水平,并总结了竹林灾后恢复技术措施.     

云南大围山自然保护区两类国家级保护植物的比较及其特点分析

云南大围山自然保护区内有国家重点保护野生植物48种,其中一级16种,二级32种,隶属26科39属,国家珍稀濒危保护植物50种,其中一级2种,二级20种,三级28种．从保护级剐、生活型、果型、物候期方面对这两类保护植物进行了比较,并从数量、分布、古老性、生境及经济价值方面分析了其特点．     

提高落叶松移植苗木质量关键技术的研究

论述了提高落叶松移植苗木质量的关键性技术;阐明移植用苗秋后留床,春季随用随起成活率高的原因;并提出解决春起苗移植可能遇到的问题和方法。     

卷荚相思林分凋落物产量与林分生长相关性研究——林地自肥能力与森林生产力相关性研究

文章通过对卷荚相思试验林凋落物产量的收集与分析,试验林每年生长量的测定与计算,综合分析表明:①2～5a卷荚相思试验林在2003～2005年3a中,回归林地的凋落物产量为12208 kg/hm2,平均每月回归1017kg/hm2。②以整年计,3～5a生卷荚相思林分全年凋落物(枯叶)产量最高月份都出现在10月份,最低月份都出现在3月份。2003年最高月份凋落物产量为1411 kg/hm2,最低凋落物产量为16kg/hm2,全年平均每月凋落物产量为374kg/hm2。2004年最高月份凋落物产量为1216kg/hm2,最低凋落物产量为8kg/hm2,全年平均每月凋落物产量为320.7kg/hm2。2005年最高月份凋落物产量为647.8 kg/hm2,最低凋落物产量为56 kg/hm2,全年平均每月凋落物产量为322.6kg/hm2。而且,随着林龄的增加,凋落物最多的月份的凋落物产量也越来越少。③凋落物年度总产量与林分树高生长量以及胸径生长量相关性:随着林龄的增长,树高、胸径生长由快变慢,而每年每增加1m树高以及1cm胸径所需要的凋落物却是越来越多。④凋落物年度总产量与林分材积生长量相关性:随着林龄的增长,材积生长由快变慢,而每年每增加1m3所需要凋落物产量的是越来越少。从中可以知道凋落物产量的升降虽然对材积有影响,但影响不大。     

河北省核桃生产的波动性分析

利用年度统计数据,首先对河北省核桃生产变动及在全国的地位作了动态比较分析;其次对河北省核桃产量与单产和结果面积关联度进行了计算,发现产量与结果面积的关联度高于产量与单产的关联度;最后,对核桃短期和长期波动进行研究,发现核桃生产平均每3.8年经历一个波动周期,结果面积的长期波动性大于单产的长期波动性。研究结果对于河北省的核桃生产有指导意义。     

Modelling agroforestry systems of cacao (Theobroma cacao) with laurel (Cordia alliodora) and poro (Erythrina poeppigiana) in Costa Rica II. Cacao and wood production,litter production and decomposition

During 7 years (1979–1985) cacao harvests (beans and husks) have been recorded for the agroforestry systems ofTheobroma cacao underCordia alliodora andErythrina poeppigiana shade trees. The mean oven dry cacao yields were 626 and 712 kg.ha⁻¹.a⁻¹ cocoa beans underC. alliodora andE. poeppigiana respectively. Harvests have gradually increased over the years and the plantation has now reached maturity. Annual extraction of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in fruits, which is relatively small, was calculated on the basis of chemical analyses. The following average values were found (kg.ha⁻¹.a⁻¹): At the age of 8 years, theC. alliodora trees have reached 26.7 cm diameter (DBH) and 14.0 m in height. Mean annual growth (from age 5 to 7) is 14.6 m³.ha⁻¹.a⁻¹. Natural plant residue production has been measured for 4 years (Nov. 1981–Oct. 1985). UnderE. poeppigiana it has reached a value of 8.91 t.ha⁻¹.a⁻¹ and underC. alliodora 7.07 t.ha⁻¹.a⁻¹. The shade trees have contributed 57 and 47% respectively. Transference and decomposition rates are high and important in the nutrient cycles. The nutrient content of the litter was analysed and corresponding average yearly transfers were (kg.ha⁻¹.a⁻¹): For part I see Vol. 4, No. 3, 1986. Agroforestry Project, CATIE/GTZ (Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Center/Gesselschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit), Turrialba, Costa Rica     

天牛成虫胸部的发音和行为（鞘翅目：天牛科）

本文研究了15种天牛成虫的发音及其有关的行为。天牛两性对外界不同强度的刺激能作出反应,并借助胸部发音器的摩擦而发音。波形照片显示:天牛的声波信号因种不同差异极大,其频率范围约3000—10000Hz。楝星天牛可借助鞘翅的运动而发出强烈的声音以恐吓敌害,其胸部摩擦发音器则趋于退化。某些天牛雄虫在争夺雌虫、交配前和交配中,可发出不同的声波,这类声波的生物学意义尚待进一步研究。     

我国刨花板生产现状与市场分析

介绍了刨花板产品特性、我国刨花板生产现状,指出我国刨花板发展中存在的问题,并根据我国现阶段市场的实际情况,预测我国刨花板的市场前景。