An evaluation of potential diets for the culture of postpueruli spiny lobsters Panulirus argus (Palinuridae)

Provision of a suitable feed is paramount for the ongoing success of spiny lobster culture. This study compared and evaluated the performance of seven diets for first instar juvenile spiny lobster Panulirus argus [5–6 mm carapace length (CL)] based on growth rates, survival, and feed conversion ratio. Results demonstrated that a seafood-based juvenile formulation produced the fastest growth rate (3.49% weight gain day⁻¹ and 0.90% CL increase day⁻¹ over a 28-day period). These growth rates were also reflected by a low feed conversion rate (3.04) for this formulated feed. Similar results were also obtained for juveniles fed a frozen seafood diet, however, frozen brine shrimp, Artemia salina (both enriched and un-enriched), frozen enriched mysis shrimp, a dry pellet, and a meal-based juvenile formulation did not produce consistent growth rates. Survival rates ranged between 38% and 85% and demonstrate that juvenile lobsters have better likelihoods of survival in captive culture environments compared to the wild. Although further nutritional refinement is recommended, the results from this research have significant implication for the possible expansion of juvenile spiny lobster growout to a larger scale.     

海蜇人工育苗关键技术

在200m^3水体培育出海蜇16触手螅状体600万个，关键技术在于育苗用水严格砂滤防止藻类和固着纤毛虫进入；育苗池中防止裸露的钢筋铁管严禁重金属离子污染；亲蜇成熟度好；采苗器严格消毒；4触手期保证适口饵料供应；防止高温季节螅状体与饵料一起死亡。另外，根据上年的经验，今年春这些螅状体要想生产出更多的幼蜇需掌握以下关键技术：培养大规格的螅状体；控光控温诱导横裂生殖集中释放碟状体；光线控制在500—1000lx；保持水质新鲜。     

Intensive rearing of juvenile crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus,Astacidae) during the first 6 months: effects of size grading

Recent advances in crayfish feeding have enabled the development of size grading studies from the start of first‐feeding. A 180‐day experiment aimed at intensive rearing of Pacifastacus leniusculus was carried out under controlled conditions, evaluating the effects of size grading at two different periods from the onset of exogenous feeding. Stage 2 juveniles were stocked in fibreglass tanks at a density of 100 m², and fed a dry diet for salmonids combined with restricted amounts of Artemia cysts. Five groups were tested: no grading, grading at 60 days (large and small size) and grading at 100 days (large and small size). After 6 months, no significant differences were found in the survival among groups (mean: 73.06%). The highest final growth (pooled results from upper and lower classes: 17.39 mm carapace length, 1.43 g weight) was achieved by the crayfish sorted at 60 days, showing significant differences from the ungraded group. Smaller crayfish graded at 60 days grew significantly faster than smaller crayfish graded at 100 days. The food conversion ratio was lower in the graded groups (mean: 2.64), showing significant differences from the ungraded group (3.23). This study shows that size grading allows a better performance and an improved feeding efficiency.     

人工养殖山女鳟幼鱼的生长特性

于2004年5月30日-2005年2月30日对人工养殖条件下山女鳟(Oncorhynchus masou masou)的生长特性进行观察,观察阶段为山女鳟初孵鱼苗至11月龄。实验期间水温为自然常温(4.7~16.8℃)。结果表明:在这一生长阶段,山女鳟体质量瞬时增长率与水温变化有关,体质量增长量和增长率随水温的升高而加快,高峰出现在5月龄(2004年8月),水温为16.83℃,但山女鳟的最适生长温度还有待进一步研究确定;体质量增长量、相对增长率与体质量瞬时增长率的变化相一致;山女鳟的生长指标和生长常数在人工养殖条件下变化一致,并显现出规律性;从体长和体质量之间的关系可认为山女鳟幼鱼阶段体长和体质量的生长基本同步,生长式型为匀速生长;山女鳟幼鱼阶段的肥满度与水温变化不一致,随着月龄的变化而波动;饲料的营养配比满足不了各个生长期的营养需求,因此,对山女鳟营养需求及配合饲料的研制还有待进一步的研究。[中国水产科学,2007,14(1):160-164]     

管角螺稚贝对亚硝酸盐耐受力研究

水温29℃时研究了管角螺（Hem ifusus tuba）稚贝[壳高（1.22±0.14）mm]在不同盐度和pH下对亚硝酸盐毒性的耐受力。试验结果表明,pH和盐度越低,亚硝酸盐对稚贝的毒害作用越大。水体pH为6.7、7.3、8.0和8.8时,亚硝酸盐对管角螺稚贝的96 h半数致死质量浓度（LC50）（95%可信区间）分别为188 mg.L-1（167～213 m.gL-1）、213 m.gL-1（195～231 m.gL-1）、254 m.gL-1（231～271 m.gL-1）和304 m.gL-1（284～321 m.gL-1）,相对应的安全质量浓度（SC）为18.8 mg.L-1、21.3 m.gL-1、25.4 mg.L-1和30.4 m.gL-1,pH8.8时亚硝酸盐对稚贝的SC是pH 6.7时的1.6倍;盐度在16、19、23和28时,亚硝酸盐对管角螺稚贝的96 hLC50（95%可信区间）分别为151 m.gL-1（138～178 m.gL-1）、171 mg.L-1（159～192 mg.L-1）、265 mg.L-1（246～282 m.gL-1）和296 m.gL-1（278～323 m.gL-1）,相对应的SC分别为15.1 m.gL-1、17.1 m.gL-1、26.5mg.L-1和29.6 m.gL-1,盐度28时亚硝酸盐对稚贝的SC是盐度16时的近2倍。     

杂交鲌"先锋1号"肌肉营养成分分析及品质评价

为探明杂交鲌“先锋1号”与其母本翘嘴鲌(Erythroculter ilishaeformis)(♀)和父本黑尾近红鲌(Ancherythroculter nigrocauda)(♂)的营养品质差异,对三种鲌肌肉营养品质进行了测定和评价。结果显示:杂交鲌水分含量显著高于父本,粗脂肪含量显著低于父本,灰分含量显著低于母本。杂交鲌肌肉的胱氨酸(Cys)含量显著高于母本,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)高于父本。杂交鲌肌肉中十五碳烷酸(C15∶0)、α-亚麻酸(C18∶3)的相对含量显著高于翘嘴鲌和黑尾近红鲌。杂交鲌肌肉硬度显著高于母本,肌肉弹性显著低于父本;铁含量与父本无显著差异,但显著高于母本。结果表明,杂交鲌“先锋1号”肌肉营养成分兼具双亲的优良性状,表现出一定的杂交优势,是一种优质的营养资源。     

方斑东风螺肉壳分离病病因的初步研究

螺肉与螺壳分离病是方斑东风螺养殖中的常见病害,主要发生在壳高0．5cm以下的稚、幼螺阶段,严重时可造成螺苗在短时间内大量死亡。本文报道了方斑东风螺中间培育过程中由于养殖水体中混入以婆罗异剑水蚤（Apocyclops borneoensis）为主的桡足类对稚、幼螺的攻击,导致稚、幼螺受伤部位发生溃疡性病变,进而诱发稚、幼螺肉壳分离疾病发生的镜检检查结果。通过采取杀灭螺池中桡足类的措施后,病情很快得到控制,研究结果验证了桡足类对方斑东风螺稚、幼螺的危害性。     

Effects of dietary thiamin supplement on growth,body composition and intestinal enzyme activities of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

A total of 1050 juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) (8.20 ± 0.02 g) were fed diets containing seven graded levels of thiamin (0.25, 0.48, 0.79, 1.06, 1.37, 1.63 and 2.65 mg kg^?1) for 60 days to investigate the effects of thiamin on growth, body composition and digestive enzyme activities. Percent weight gain (PWG), feed intake and feed efficiency (FE) were the lowest in fish fed the basal diet (P < 0.05). Protein productive value and lipid productive value increased with increasing dietary thiamin levels up to 1.06 and 0.79 mg kg^?1 diet, respectively (P < 0.05). Body protein and lipid increased with increasing dietary thiamin levels (P < 0.05), while moisture and ash of fish carcasses decreased with the increase in dietary thiamin supplementation (P < 0.05). Intestinal folds height had a similar trend to PWG (P < 0.05). Activities of α‐amylase, lipase, trypsin, Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase in intestine were all affected by the dietary thiamin (P < 0.05). In conclusion, thiamin could improve growth and intestinal enzyme activities of juvenile Jian carp. The dietary thiamin requirement of juvenile Jian carp (8.0–60.2 g) based on PWG was 1.02 mg kg^?1 diet.     

盐度胁迫及昼夜变化对鲻鱼幼鱼消化酶活力的影响

研究了S0（盐度为0）、S10、S20、S33（对照）和S40 5个盐度梯度14d内盐度胁迫及其昼夜变化对鲻鱼（Mugil cephalus）幼鱼蛋白酶和淀粉酶比活力的影响。结果显示：1）盐度胁迫对鲻鱼幼鱼的消化酶活力有显著影响（P〈0．05）。不同盐度的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力的变化规律都是在第0天～第7天升高,第7天～第14天降低,最终时（第14天）S0～S33蛋白酶活力呈上升趋势,S33～S40下降;S0～S20淀粉酶活力差异不显著（P〉0．05）,S20～S33呈上升,S33～S40下降,且差异显著（P〈0．05）;2）对鲻鱼幼鱼消化酶活性昼夜变化的测定表明,蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性的最高值分别在12：00和15：00,最低值均出现在6：00。因此,夜间设置定时投喂,可促进鱼类快速健康生长。     

短须裂腹鱼仔稚鱼发育及生长特性的初步研究

为了掌握长江上游特有鱼类短须裂腹鱼(Schizothorax wangchiachii)的基础生物学资料,遏制其自然资源迅速下降态势,维护长江鱼类的生物多样性,在水温10.0～20.4℃的条件下,对人工催产孵化的短须裂腹鱼仔稚鱼形态发育特征进行了连续观察,并逐日记录其生长情况,分析其生长特性。结果显示,刚出膜短须裂腹鱼仔鱼全长(9.83±0.88) mm,呈现透明淡黄色,卵黄囊较大,胸鳍较小,仔鱼多侧卧静栖水底,人为刺激下可以向前移动;23日龄仔鱼全长(15.18±0.52) mm,卵黄全部消失,鳔室呈长圆柱形,肠道内充满食物,进入稚鱼期;35日龄稚鱼全长(16.75±0.75)mm,出现二鳔室、腹鳍呈现月牙状,腹鳍褶皱宽大;65日龄稚鱼全长(23.64±0.82) mm,腹鳍褶皱几乎消失,除未见臀鳞外,各鳍均已出现,其生活习性已与成鱼相似。短须裂腹鱼仔稚鱼的生长呈现先急速增加、而后平缓、再快速增加、而后变慢的过程,特定生长率呈现先迅速增加然后指数型下降的趋势。运用Matlab对短须裂腹鱼体长(L_P)与日龄(t)的多项式关系函数(L_P=9.7296+0.55051t-0.0239t~2+5.1283×10~(-4)t~3-3.4419×10~(-6)t~4(R=0.9666,SD=0.6824,P0.001)进行分析,求得22.14日龄和52.35日龄是短须裂腹鱼仔稚鱼生长变化的关键日龄,与个体发育阶段的卵黄消失(23日龄)和52日龄左右(20 mm左右)稚鱼高死亡率接近。