杉木转化酶活力的研究*

杉木转化酶活力的研究周国璋，苏梦云关键词杉木，生长速率，转化酶活力在高等植物器官中有转化酶（Ｅ．Ｃ．３．２．１．２６）的存在已有很多报道，早在６０年代不少学者已注意到植物体内的转化酶与细胞伸长有密切关系。Ｈｅｌｌｅｈｕｓｔ等［１］从玉米胚根的研究中发...     

噻唑膦对冬暖式大棚土壤酶活性的影响

采用冬暖大棚土壤施药,研究了噻唑膦在田间条件下对蔬菜大棚土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响。结果表明,噻唑膦对土壤脲酶的影响较明显,各剂量处理均表现为激活-抑制-激活作用;对蔗糖酶以抑制作用为主,各剂量处理均表现为激活-抑制作用;对过氧化氢酶的影响相对较小,低剂量(10%颗粒剂有效成分含量2.25、3.00 kg/hm2)表现为激活作用,高剂量(6.00 kg/hm2)表现为抑制作用,且激活或抑制作用均不显著。施药50 d后,大棚土壤中脲酶和蔗糖酶活性都能逐渐恢复到正常水平。     

植物蔗糖转化酶及其基因表达调控研究进展

 糖是植物体的能源物质,也是基因表达的重要调节物质。在植物蔗糖代谢过程中,特别是果实发育的过程当中转化酶起到了很重要的作用,催化蔗糖水解成为己糖,直接影响蔬菜和水果的品质。蔗糖转化酶分为酸性转化酶和中性/碱性转化酶,两者在植物体中的作用不同。由于转化酶种类不同,其表达方式也比较复杂,同时能够调控转化酶基因表达的因素也较多,主要有器官和发育特异性、糖、胁迫以及激素等。尽管目前对于植物转化酶已经有了一定程度的了解,但是还存在许多未知的问题需要探究。     

Effect of CCC on the Growth and Yield of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata [L.] Wilczek var. Guj-2)

Pot experiments were conducted on mung bean by spraying 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm CCC, 14 days after the emergence of seedlings. Results showed that:
CCC application at 1000 and 1500 ppm led to stem shortening.
Dry weight of shoot system, leaf area, leaf thickness and total chlorophyll content were significantly increased by 1000 ppm CCC.
CCC at 1000 ppm increased amylase and invertase activity in the leaf tissue.
CCC at 1000 ppm increased the pod number/plant, seed number/pod, leading to increased seed yield/plant.
CCC had no effect on the 1000 seed weight.     

不同覆膜处理对烤烟生长及蔗糖转化酶、硝酸还原酶活性的影响

在四川省凉山州烟草科学研究所进行了地膜覆盖与揭膜时期试验.结果表明,不同的揭膜处理对烟草株高及叶片生长有明显的影响.叶片中蔗糖转化酶(INV)、硝酸还原酶(NR)的活性,覆膜处理较不覆膜处理的高,在覆膜处理中以35 d揭膜处理的酶活性最强;烟草根系中NR活性与地上部叶片中的变化趋势不同,表现为不覆膜处理的酶活性高于覆膜处理.     

阿特拉津对不同肥力土壤蔗糖酶活性的影响

采用现场采集土壤样品、室内施药培养方法,研究了除草剂阿特拉津对4种长期定位施肥处理下土壤蔗糖酶活性的影响。结果表明,阿特拉津对不同肥力土壤中蔗糖酶的影响有明显差异。CK、NPK、NPK+S土壤受影响规律相似,施药初期对土壤蔗糖酶的影响较小,激活或抑制率随着处理时间延续呈现“升-降-升”的规律,第4d和第16d的激活影响最明显。NPK+M土壤蔗糖酶处理当天受到明显的激活作用,此后就受到较强的抑制作用。按处理时间比较可以看出4种土壤蔗糖酶的激活率以NPK为最高,NPK+S、CK依次次之;而NPK+M土壤蔗糖酶整体处于被抑制状态。同一处理时间下4种土壤都以阿特拉津浓度为20mg·kg-1处理时激活率最大。     

Members of the Kunitz-type protease inhibitor gene family of potato inhibit soluble tuber invertase in vitro

Summary A soluble proteinaceous invertase inhibitor was purified from tubers of cv. Provita. N-terminal amino acid sequencing of the purified protein indicated that the invertase inhibitor was a member of a family of small tuber proteins known as Kunitz-type protease inhibitors. The purified protein was completely inhibitory to soluble tuber invertase at quantities that did not inhibit trypsin. Based on amino acid sequence information of invertase inhibitor protein, seven candidate cDNA clones were identified in libraries of Provita and Saturna tubers. The candidate cDNA sequences differed from each other between 2% and 5%, having several non-conservative amino acid substitutions when compared with sequence related protease inhibitors. The results suggest invertase as an alternative target of tuber “protease” inhibitors.     

植株叶片蔗糖、淀粉积累与其降解酶活性关系研究

不同植物功能叶片淀粉、蔗糖积累及酸性转化酶、淀粉酶活性均存在显著差异。依叶片蔗糖与淀粉积累量比值可大体将测定的28种植物划分为以积累淀粉为主的粉叶植物，以积累蔗糖为主的糖叶植物和介于两者之间的中间类型植物。三类植物功能叶片淀粉积累量与淀粉降解酶活性均无显著相关，但糖叶及粉叶植物叶片蔗糖积累量与酸性转化     

Seed Priming Increases Crop Yield Possibly by Modulating Enzymes of Sucrose Metabolism in Chickpea

The number of seeds and seed yield per plant were higher in chickpea crops raised from water and mannitol (4 %) primed seeds in comparison with the control non-primed crops. In primed plants, an enhanced acid invertase activity in the apical part of the main stem and the part immediately below it at 100 and 130 days after sowing (DAS) might result in an increased availability of hexoses to these plant parts. In addition, decreased acid invertase activity at the point of initiation of branches and in the internodes of stem observed in primed plants indicated restricted hydrolysis of sucrose during its transport through the stem, resulting in its more supply to the actively growing sinks. The activities of sucrose-cleaving enzymes, i.e. invertase and sucrose synthase (SS) in podwall of primed plants were higher at 110 DAS. At 140 DAS, a stage of rapid seed filling, increased activities of SS and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) were observed in seeds of primed plants. Increased SPS activity in seeds of primed crop could meet the increased assimilate requirements of the developing seeds. Higher activity of SS in seeds of primed crop may facilitate seed filling. These data suggest that enzymes of sucrose metabolism play an important role in increasing the yield of chickpea crops raised from primed seeds.     

一个棉花液泡转化酶基因的克隆与功能分析

棉纤维正常发育需要大量的蔗糖供应。转化酶是生物体内蔗糖代谢途径中的关键酶之一, 对转化酶基因的结构和功能研究将有助于揭示复杂的棉纤维发育分子机制, 并为纤维品质改良提供优良的基因资源。本研究以棉纤维突变体im和遗传标准系TM-1纤维发育中显著差异表达的EST序列(GenBank登录号为EY196825)为探针, 通过电子克隆方法, 结合cDNA及基因组全长基因PCR扩增、测序验证, 克隆到一个棉花液泡转化酶基因GhVacInv2a (GenBank登录号为KF305322)。该基因ORF全长1857 bp, 编码618个氨基酸, 与已登录的陆地棉GhVacInv2基因(GenBank登录号为FJ864677)序列一致性为99%(E=0)。基因组序列分析表明, GhVacInv2a在二倍体棉种非洲棉和雷蒙德氏棉中含1个拷贝, 在四倍体陆地棉和海岛棉中存在2个拷贝, 其中GhVacInv2a和GhVacInv2分属于A、D亚组同源基因。该同源基因含7个外显子, 6个内含子。Q-PCR分析表明, 该基因在花药中表达量最高, 在快速伸长的纤维组织中优势表达。在13~19 DPA的纤维中, 其在TM-1中的表达水平极显著地高于im突变体。开发SNP标记, 将GhVacInv2a基因定位在异源四倍体棉花第3染色体上。标记与性状的关联分析显示, GhVacInv2a与纤维强度存在显著相关(P=0.0087), 表明GhVacInv2a在棉花纤维品质形成中可能发挥重要功能。