虚拟间作植物根系竞争生长的可视化系统研究

基于模拟根系形态结构的Simroot系统的几何建模理论,结合计算机图形学方法建立了虚拟间作植物根系竞争生长过程的三维可视化模拟系统。将间作大豆—玉米根系的生长参数输入模拟系统中进行模拟。结果表明,该系统能够形象逼真地显现间作植物根系竞争生长过程中的形态结构和生物特性。     

土壤水分对黄土丘陵区演替序列种种间竞争的影响

种间竞争是不同物种为争夺资源发生的相互关系,对群落植被演替、恢复有重要意义。同时水分是黄土丘陵区植物生长的限制因素,该区多物种种间水资源竞争研究较少,为此选取该区6种演替序列种,采用种对试验法研究其对土壤水分变化的竞争响应。结果表明:(1)除狗尾草外,其他5种植物的生长指标和土壤水分变化趋势基本一致,地下部分变化程度大于地上部分。不同植物最适水分条件不同。(2)单位竞争能力与总竞争能力相似地反映植物种间竞争状况。狗尾草和白羊草在中高水竞争力均高于同组的猪毛蒿、达乌里胡枝子,低水反之。铁杆蒿随着水分减少,竞争力低于茭蒿。受水分胁迫时,达乌里胡枝子、白羊草的竞争力茭蒿、铁杆蒿猪毛蒿、狗尾草,即演替后期种竞争能力演替中期演替初期,符合演替生态位理论。竞争的不对称随着环境生产力的增加而降低。随着演替中土壤水分的减少,物种耐水分胁迫的能力逐渐增强,从而促使演替的继续。     

蜡杨梅与杨梅种间嫁接及亲缘关系分析

【目的】研究蜡杨梅与杨梅的嫁接亲和性及亲缘关系,为杨梅扩展栽培提供参考。【方法】连续3年在浙江余姚滩涂上(土壤pH8. 01),以蜡杨梅和杨梅为砧木,以4种主栽品种‘荸荠种’‘东魁’‘夏至红’和‘水晶种’为接穗的种间嫁接,并基于SSR对蜡杨梅和杨梅进行亲缘关系鉴定和聚类分析。调查各砧穗组合的嫁接成活率及相关指标。【结果】杨梅砧穗组合的嫁接成活率为:70. 08%～83. 75%,其中‘夏至红’接穗的嫁接成活率最高(81. 98%),‘荸荠种’次之(80. 43%);蜡杨梅砧穗组合的嫁接成活率为27. 51%～38. 29%,其中,‘东魁’接穗的嫁接成活率最高(34. 88%);杨梅砧穗组合的嫁接成活率极显著高于蜡杨梅砧穗组合。不同组合间的T-test显示:蜡杨梅砧穗组合BQ4-6、DK4-6和SJ4-6分别在冠径、干周和植株高度等指标上显著性高于杨梅砧穗组合。6个指标的相关性分析显示:2个砧木群体在连续3年的试验中,嫁接成活率与植株高度和冠径之间均存在显著性正相关,砧木高度与植株高度均呈现显著性负相关。利用127对SSR标记对2个砧木及4个接穗材料进行了多态性检测,聚类分析后分为3个群体,蜡杨梅与杨梅的种间亲缘系数为0. 31,杨梅砧木与‘夏至红’亲缘关系最近,与‘荸荠种’次之;蜡杨梅与‘东魁’亲缘关系最近;与嫁接成活率的表现一致,亲缘关系越近成活率越高。【结论】蜡杨梅砧木与杨梅接穗间存在一定的亲和性,而且更适合生长在碱性土壤中。     

Process studies in aPinus radiata-pasture agroforestry system in a subhumid temperature environment. I. Water use and light interception in the third year

In this study we determined soil moisture storage, evapotranspiration (ET) and light interception in an agroforestry trial consisting of pine trees grown over (1) control (bare ground), (2) ryegrass/clovers (Lolium perene/Trifolium spp.), (3) lucerne (Medicago sativa), and (4) ryegrass only during the third growing season between 1992 and 1993. The results show that:

生态位理论及其测度研究进展

许多学者都试图给生态位下定义 ,但最具代表性的当推Grinnell、Elton和Hutchinson分别给出的“空间生态位”、“功能生态位”和“多维超体积生态位”定义 ;生态位测度包括生态位宽度、生态位重叠、生态位体积及生态位维数等 ,其中生态位宽度和生态位重叠是描述一个物种的生态位以及物种生态位间关系的重要指标 .该文列举并分析了每一个测度公式的优缺点 ,进而优选出适合森林群落的生态位计测公式 .指出利用性竞争的一个必要条件是生态位重叠 ,但重叠并不一定导致竞争 ,竞争是在资源供应不足且生态位重叠条件下形成的 .     

七里海湿地植物种间关系的数量分析

在野外样方调查的基础上,采用χ2检验和Spearman秩相关分析方法,研究了七里海湿地40种主要植物,共780个种对间关联和相关关系。χ2检验结果有357个种对呈正相关,423个种对呈负相关;Spearman秩相关分析检验结果有356个种对呈正相关,有424个种对呈负相关。二者结果一致,与χ2检验相比,Spearman秩相关分析法更为灵敏。七里海湿地主要植物种具有显著相关性的种对数(279对)占总种对数(780对)的比例较低,为35.77%,说明大多数种间关系松散,种对间的独立性较强,植被可能处于退化状态。40个主要植物种可以划分为3个生态种组,各生态种组内的种有相似的资源利用方式和生态要求,各种组间有相互转化和演替的趋势。     

市场竞争与发展方略

分析新时期我国农机市场竞争的变化态势和农机企业在市场发展中的定位,提出我国农机化快速发展的成长期和结构调整、产业升级的转型期,推进发展方式转变可选择的发展战略.     

曹典球的近代商战、学战思想与实践

根据新发现的史料 ,结合以往的研究文献 ,集中论述曾两任湖南大学校长的曹典球 ( 1877～ 196 0 ) ,对于湖南近代“商战”、“学战”具有系统的思考和实践 ,是一位杰出的先行者     

Distribution analyses of Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus coffeae sensu lato in coffee plots in Costa Rica and Guatemala

The distribution of the plant-parasitic nematodes Pratylenchus coffeae sensu lato and Meloidogyne spp. were studied in two plots, one in Guatemala ( P. coffeae and M. paranaensis ) and the other in Costa Rica ( P. coffeae and M. exigua ). The quantity of nematodes per g fresh weight root were counted for each coffee tree sampled. The distributions were aggregated, and generally fitted well to negative binomial distributions. Population aggregation was greater when a smaller number of nematodes were involved, suggesting that initial colonization develops in foci. Analyses of the relationships between population levels of the species suggested that there was competition between Pratylenchus coffeae and Meloidogyne spp. This competition was expressed differently depending on the relative population density of the different species.     

Correlation of molecular markers and biological properties in Verticillium dahliae and the possible origins of some isolates

Haploid and amphihaploid Verticillium dahliae isolates were studied using PCR-based molecular markers which: (i) discriminate the defoliating and nondefoliating pathotypes (two primer pairs INTD2f/r and INTND2f/r), and (ii) are species-specific (primer pair 19/22). The results were compared with some known biological and other molecular properties of the isolates. Five discrete sequences of the 19/22 amplicon were found. Sequence 4 was associated with both defoliating isolates from Spain and nondefoliating isolates from Spain and USA; these pathotypes were separated by the primer pairs INTD2f/r and INTND2f/r, but the data showed that the primer espdef01 (derived from the 19/22 amplicon) cannot be used for this purpose. Amplicon sizes and sequences with primers 19/22 divided amphihaploid isolates from crucifers (thought to be interspecific hybrids) into those corresponding to the previously reported α and β groups. The β-group isolates had either sequence 4 or 5 (these two differing by a single base). The distinct amplicon sequence 3 given by the α-group isolates demonstrated that the V. dahliae -like 'parent' of this group was molecularly unlike any haploid isolate yet studied. The overall results are discussed in relation to phytosanitary considerations and the probability of defoliating or crucifer pathotypes arising de novo within Europe, either by selection or by interspecific hybridizations.