耕地集约利用与新型城镇化的耦合关联研究 ——以福建省为例

耕地集约利用与新型城镇化的协调发展对于推动乡村振兴和城乡统筹发展具有重要意义。以福建省9个设区市为研究对象,构建耕地集约利用与新型城镇化耦合协调发展评价指标体系,基于灰色关联度模型,定量评价2008—2018年两系统各要素间的耦合关联程度。同时运用熵权TOPSIS模型和耦合协调发展度模型,研究二者的综合发展水平及其耦合协调发展水平时空特征。结果表明:耕地集约利用与新型城镇化的关联度为0.761,达到较高关联,耕地集约利用为新型城镇化提供发展动力,新型城镇化为耕地集约利用提供要素支持;新型城镇化水平呈逐年上升趋势,而耕地集约利用水平保持稳定;两系统的耦合度先上升后下降,耦合度阶段总体上由中度耦合进入高度耦合,空间分布上呈现出由东西高南北低到南北高中间低演变的特点;二者的协调发展水平总体呈上升态势,协调发展等级由轻度失调衰退过渡为勉强协调发展,空间上主要表现为东高西低的分布格局;相对发展程度状况呈现出耕地集约利用滞后的发展态势。因此,福建省应在现有的资源禀赋上科学投入,以提高耕地集约利用水平,均衡新型城镇化发展差异,完善制度配套,推动协调发展。     

基于改进LMD的泵站摆度信号分析

局部均值分解(local mean decomposition, LMD)在分析非线性、非平稳信号时具有特有的分析能力,特别适合泵站机组摆度信号的分析.但是在信号分解为固有旋转分量的过程中,由于局域均值和包络估计函数在数据端点存在误差,会产生端点效应,严重时导致信号分解结果失真.针对这一问题,从全面考虑曲线幅值和几何形状相似性出发,提出基于灰色B型关联度和欧氏距离的端点效应抑制方法.为评价该端点效应抑制方法的抑制效果,提出分解前后的信号能量变化的评价标准.通过与原始局域均值分解算法、镜像映射法和波形匹配法等传统方法相比,验证该方法的有效性和优越性.仿真信号和泵站主轴摆度实测信号的应用表明,该方法能够有效地抑制端点效应,提高LMD分解过程中重构信号精度,更好地提取泵站机组摆度信号故障特征.     

两系杂交水稻糙米率的配合力研究

选用8个籼型光温敏不育系作母本,30个恢复系品种作父本,共配制两系杂交水稻组合74个,进行两系杂交水稻糙米率配合力遗传研究.结果表明:1)两系法杂交水稻杂种F1谷粒的糙米率与父本(恢复系)和双亲平均的谷粒糙米率呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.3123和0.3068;与母本(不育系)谷粒糙米率相关不显著,相关系数为0.1031.2)6×6不完全双列杂交法配合力分析结果表明,两系杂交水稻糙米率性状的表现在组合间差异极显著;父、母本的一般配合力效应和组合的特殊配合力效应差异显著;父、母本的一般配合力作用大于组合的特殊配合力作用,一般配合力方差占总个基因型方差的65.02%,特殊配合力方差占34.98%;一般配合力作用,父本的作用(基因型方差为63.70)大于母本的作用(基因型方差为55.34).     

华贵栉孔扇贝数量性状的相关性及通径分析

为查明华贵栉孔扇贝（Chlamys nobilis）数量性状间的相关性,随机选取526只扇贝,对其形态性状（壳高、壳长、绞合线长和壳厚）和质量性状（总质量、贝柱鲜质量、鲜肉质量、干肉质量和贝柱干质量）进行测量,采用多元回归与通径分析方法研究了5个易测数量性状（壳高、壳长、绞合线长、壳厚和总质量）对鲜肉质量、贝柱鲜质量和贝柱干质量的影响。结果表明,总质量与鲜肉质量、贝柱鲜质量和叭柱干质量呈极显著的正相关（P〈0．01）。多元回归与通径分析显示,这5个易测数量性状指标中,总质量对3个经济性状的正面影响非常大,其他指标的影响较小甚至不明显。     

三角帆蚌HcTyr基因内壳色性状相关SNP筛选及图谱定位

为研究三角帆蚌HcTyr基因与内壳色性状的相关性,本实验根据已分离的三角帆蚌HcTyr基因进行引物设计和片段扩增,并用144只三角帆蚌对其多态性进行筛选和验证,卡方检验分析了SNP位点和三角帆蚌内壳色相关性,并对HcTyr基因进行了图谱定位。结果显示,在HcTyr基因上筛选出8个SNP位点,其中有7个SNP位点与三角帆蚌内壳色L、a及d E呈显著相关性,用这7个SNP位点做单倍型构建和分析,发现Ⅱ、Ⅲ及Ⅳ这3种单倍型在白色群体中出现的频率极显著高于在紫色群体中出现的频率,而Ⅴ和Ⅶ这2两种单倍型在紫色群体中出现的频率极显著高于白色群体。进一步在商业养殖群体中验证发现,Ⅳ和Ⅶ这2种单倍型可分别作为白色和紫色群体的优势单倍型。研究表明,三角帆蚌HcTyr基因可作为内壳色相关的候选基因,其部分SNP位点可用于三角帆蚌分子辅助育种。另外本实验还将HcTyr基因定位在三角帆蚌LG16连锁群上,这为进一步解析该基因调控珍珠颜色形成的分子机制奠定了基础。     

Validation of Xanthophyll Levels in Catfish Fillets Using Digital Photography

Catfish fillets with yellow coloration have become a prevalent problem for the catfish industry. This problem is due to the unacceptability in the market because the shift in fillet color is considered of lower quality by the consumers. To help the catfish industry better understand the yellow coloration of catfish fillet, a digital photography measurement method was developed to evaluate the yellowness. Sixty catfish fillets with a range of degrees of visible yellowness were taken directly from the processing line. The fillets were photographed in a light box with a digital camera. The photos were calibrated with the X-Rite ColorChecker standardized color target. CIELAB readings of the fillet photos were recorded, and the b* value was used to indicate the yellowness of catfish fillets. The xanthophyll levels of fillets were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography. The actual xanthophyll level in catfish fillet was calculated as the sum of lutein, zeaxanthin, and alloxanthin. A linear correlation was found between the LAB b* values and xanthophyll levels of the 60 catfish fillets.     

Tailoring codend mesh size to improve the size selectivity of undifferentiated trawl species

Tiger flathead, Neoplatycephalus richardsoni (Castelnau), and sand flathead, Platycephalus bassensis Cuvier, are undifferentiated and managed with a common legal minimum length (LML). The Commonwealth Trawl Sector (CTS) and the Tasmanian Danish‐seine fishery (TDSF) use a minimum codend mesh sizes of 90 and 70 mm, respectively. The codend mesh size should be tailored to the LML, which is based on the length of first maturity of females (M₅₀). This study found the length–girth relationship of N. richardsoni and P. bassensis was not significantly different. Using the covered codend method, these two species had 50% retention lengths (L₅₀) of 294 ± 2 and 307 ± 3 mm, in 70‐mm and 90‐mm codends, respectively. L₅₀ estimates for mesh sizes from this study and others produced a curvilinear relationship: y = 120 ln(x) ? 214, with an r² of 0.8504. The size at maturity (M₅₀) for female N. richardsoni was 337 mm, which is larger than the estimate for female P. bassensis (247 mm). There is a mismatch between the estimates of L_50, the estimates of M₅₀ and the LMLs in each fishery, leading to suboptimal exploitation of female Platycephalus. The model produced in this paper recommends a codend mesh size of 98 mm for both fisheries to exploit Platycephalus species sustainably.     

Genetic parameters for growth‐related traits and survival with age in the Kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus

Genetic parameters were estimated for growth‐related traits and survival of the Kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus based on 66 families, including 30 paternal half‐sib families, which were obtained using artificial insemination of two females by each male. The variance components for growth‐related trait and survival were estimated using a single‐trait animal model and a sir‐dam model, respectively, and genetic parameters were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood method. The coefficients of variation for growth‐related traits such as body length (BL), abdominal length (AL), and body weight (BW) were 9.36%–22.44%, 10.61%–21.92%, and 26.47%–58.33%, respectively, at different ages (45, 75, 105, 135, and 165 days). The corresponding heritability estimates for each growth trait were 0.1545–0.1951, 0.1672–0.1905, and 0.1596–0.1934, respectively, all of which were found to be at moderate levels and increased with age. The heritability of survival on day 165 was low (0.003). The genetic correlations among growth traits were positive and high (0.7316–0.9896) at the different ages, suggesting that selection to improve any single growth trait will cause positive responses in other growth traits examined in M. japonicus. The genetic correlations between growth traits and survival were also positive but low (0.005–0.087), which indicated that only selecting for growth traits may not cause a positive correlated response in the survival of the core population. According to the above results, we suggested that growth and survival traits should be taken as improving targets of breeding in M. japonicus. These results provided reference data for selective breeding and multitrait selection of M. japonicus.     

用IGF—ⅠmRNA表达量评价鲮饲料配方效果的研究

试验以秘鲁鱼粉为饲料蛋白源,研究4种蛋白水平（21．5％、32．2％、42．5％和51．6％）的饲料对鲮（Cirrhinus molitorella）生长、消化酶活性及类胰岛素生长因子（IGF—Ⅰ）mRNA表达水平的影响。经过8周的养殖试验,不同饲料蛋白水平下,蛋白酶活性与特定生长率（SGR）成极显著的正相关性（P〈0．01）;鲮肝组织中IGF—ⅠmRNA的表达量与特定生长率成极显著正相关性（P〈0．01）;鲮肝组织IGF—ⅠmRNA的表达量与蛋白酶活性也成极显著正相关性（P〈0．01）。结果表明,用鲮肝组织IGF—ⅠmRNA的表达量可以快速鉴定饲料的质量。     

增氧对池塘沉积物酶活性的影响

比较研究了微孔和机械2种增氧养殖模式下4种沉积物酶活性的动态变化,并分析了所测酶活性与养分因子的相关性。结果表明：（1）4种酶活性随水温的季节性变化较为明显,其中蛋白酶活性与脲酶活性变化呈单峰状曲线,蔗糖酶各月波动较大,过氧化氢酶活性整体呈上升趋势。（2）池塘沉积物中酶活性对不同增氧方式有明显的响应,2种增氧均可提高4...