白三叶基因工程改良研究进展

白三叶（Trifolium repens L.）作为优良牧草和地被植物具有重要的应用价值。但其耐盐碱、干旱能力差等原因致使应用受到广泛限制,转基因技术的快速发展为白三叶种质创新提供了有效技术手段,为开展白三叶分子育种奠定了基础。本文就近30年来有关白三叶组织培养、转化方法、转基因遗传改良方面的研究进展进行了综述,并对其应用进行了展望。     

根癌农杆菌介导马齿苋遗传转化体系的研究

利用马齿苋的叶片诱导出愈伤组织,再以愈伤组织为受体建立了根癌农杆菌介导的遗传转化体系。利用该转化体系得到抗性愈伤组织后,对其进行GUS组织化学染色和PCR扩增鉴定,证实为转化子,表明根癌农杆菌介导外源基因转化马齿苋的愈伤组织是完全可行的,为以后通过基因工程手段进行马齿苋的改良奠定了基础。     

芥菜植株原位真空渗入遗传转化方法的研究

以蕾期的芥菜生态型雪里蕻和圆叶芥为试材,在携带潮霉素磷酸转移酶标记基因的根癌农杆菌菌株GV3101的介导下,对影响芥菜植株原位真空渗入遗传转化效果的真空渗入时间、根癌农杆菌悬浮孢子的浓度、渗入培养基、感染方式以及根癌农杆菌菌株等进行研究。结果表明,真空渗入时间为2min／间歇30s／30s;菌液浓度OD600为0．8;渗入培养基为1／2MS无机 B5有机;菌株采用强感染型的;对花蕾进行真空渗入,可以获得最佳转化效果。     

农杆菌介导菊花遗传转化效率的研究进展

本文结合近年来菊花遗传转化的研究,从菊花再生体系建立和农杆菌介导的菊花遗传转化出发,讨论了影响菊花遗传转化效率的因素。诸多的菊花遗传转化研究表明,不同基因型的菊花转化受体、外植体类型、转化条件、激素添加是决定转化效率的关键因素。     

A new measurement method for mass property parameters

Mass property parameters (mass, center of mass, moment of inertia) are important technology parameters of aircraft. The traditional mass and center of mass measurement uses centroid units, and the moment of inertia measurement torsion units, which can only get results in installing direction. Because of the structural reasons, there is a need to get all high accurate physical parameters in clamping once. To solve this problem, this study merges centroid units and torsion units into one composite unit, installs a table which can tilt and rotation to measure the moment of inertia in different conditions. The moment of inertia and product of inertia relative to three axis are calculated by the method of coordinate transformation. Measurement theory of mass, center of mass and mass moment of inertia are described, the main reason of causing measurement errors is discussed, and the measurement accuracy affected by tilt error is analyzed.     

转梭梭HaPrxQ基因拟南芥植株的获得与检测

HaPrxQ是参与活性氧清除的重要基因。根据已发表的过氧还蛋白基因序列,设计特异引物,扩增到完整的HaPrxQ基因;构建植物表达载体pCAMBIA2300-HaPrxQ,通过农杆菌介导转化拟南芥,获得转化植株种子。对收获的T0代种子进行卡那霉素抗性筛选,并通过PCR对抗性苗进行检测。结果表明,构建的载体成功转化拟南芥并获得了9份转HaPrxQ基因苗。     

花椒废弃物功能化利用研究进展

花椒种植、采收与加工过程会产生大量废弃物,但通常被直接丢弃或焚烧,造成环境污染与资源浪费问题。围绕花椒废弃物功能性成分开发相应产品对提高花椒产业附加值,促进产业健康持续发展具有重要意义。文章梳理了花椒籽、花椒渣、花椒籽粕、花椒枝叶与花椒根等废弃物所含功能性成分,围绕花椒废弃物抑菌抗炎、抗肿瘤、杀虫、抗氧化与抗血小板聚集等药理活性进行了综述。并对花椒废弃物在高吸附活性炭、医疗功能材料、环保型涂料、皮革加脂剂与功能性助剂等功能性材料方面的应用研究进行了介绍。最后,围绕花椒废弃物功能性成分及功能化利用研究现状,展望了花椒废弃物利用的新方向。     

导入TaNHX2基因提高中林美荷杨耐盐性的研究

中林美荷杨具有生长速度快、扦插成活率高及木材材质好等优点,因而倍受欢迎,是西部大开发重点推广的绿化造林树种。为提高该树种的耐盐性,充分适应西北广大地区干旱盐碱地,将小麦耐盐基因TaNHX2导入中林美荷杨基因组中,以提高其的耐盐性。采用叶片和叶柄作为外植体,通过根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导法,将TaNHX2导入中林美荷杨基因组中,对所获得的杨树转基因植株进行PCR和Southern blotting分析,结果表明TaNHX2基因多以单拷贝整合到受体基因组中。转基因幼苗经过不同浓度的NaCl胁迫处理,表现出一定的耐盐性。中林美荷杨耐盐株系的获得为该树种绿化造林的推广和丰产提供了保障。     

农杆菌介导FT基因转化嘎拉苹果的研究

用农杆菌介导法对苹果品种嘎拉转化FT基因进行了研究,建立了苹果离体叶片高效再生体系,在含BA 5mg／L＋IAA 0．5mg／L的MS培养基上,以离体叶片远轴面（叶背面）向上,经过14d的暗培养获得再生不定芽和再生植株,再生率达97％。在转基因再生体系中,以头孢噻肟钠500mg／L和卡那霉素5mg／L,作为脱菌培养和选择培养的条件,经过感染携带拟南芥FT基因的农杆菌,获得了一批转FT基因的植株,经PCR检测,目的基因已经整合到苹果基因组中。     

Inheritance and field performance of transgenic Korean Bt rice lines resistant to rice yellow stem borer

Transgenic Korean rice plants containing the cry1Ab gene were developed for resistance against yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas, YSB). More than 100 independent transgenic lines from three Korean varieties (P-I, P-II and P-III) were generated. The amount of Cry1Ab in transgenic T₀ plants was as high as 2.88% of total soluble proteins. These levels were sufficient to cause 100% mortality of YSB larvae. The majority of T₁ transgenic lines originated from the varieties P-I and P-II followed a Mendelian fashion of segregation. Deviation from the expected segregation ratio was observed in a small number of the transgenic lines of P-I and P-II origins. However, this deviation was primarily observed in the P-III originated lines. Segregation analysis of the T₁ generation indicated that 1–3 copies of the cry1Ab gene were integrated into the genome of the majority of the transgenic lines originating from varieties P-I and P-II. Stunted and semi-fertile mutants were observed in some transgenic lines. These aberrations were either independent or closely linked to the introduced cry1Ab gene loci in different transgenic lines. Reduction in GUS expression levels and loss of toxicity against YSB larvae were found in some transgenic lines. The transgenic T₃ and T₄ lines causing 100% mortality of third instar YSB larvae in the lab were completely protected in the field. Analysis of important yield components on nine selected transgenic lines indicated that stem length, panicle length, grain number per panicle, and seed setting rates were reduced in transgenic plants compared to those in non-transgenic parental rice lines. Number of panicles per cluster, however, was significantly higher in transgenic plants. The numerical value of the average yield was in general greater in the controls than in all the transgenic lines, indicating some ‘yield drag’. Since some selected lines were highly resistant to the YSB with good yielding potential, they offer effective potential for use in insect resistance management programs.