HPLC法测定天然植物粗提物中芍药苷含量

建立高效液相色谱法检测天然植物粗提物饲料原料中芍药苷的测定方法。用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(14:86)为流动相,检测波长230nm,流速：1.0 mL/min;柱温：30 ℃;进样量：10μL。结果显示,芍药苷的线性方程为Y=10.6017X－14.8514,(r=0.99966,n=6),本方法的回收率为100.4~102.1%,RSD均小于2.0%。结果表明,本方法准确,可靠,适用于天然植物粗提物饲料原料中芍药苷的测定。     

Phylogenetic analysis of Myanmar indigenous chickens using mitochondrial D-loop sequence reveals their characteristics as a genetic resource

Myanmar indigenous chickens play important roles in food, entertainment, and farm business for the people of Myanmar. In this study, complete mitochondrial D-loop sequences (1232 bp) were analyzed using 176 chickens, including three indigenous breeds, two fighting cock populations, and three indigenous populations to elucidate genetic diversity and accomplish a phylogenetic analysis of Myanmar indigenous chickens. The average haplotype and nucleotide diversities were 0.948 ± 0.009 and 0.00814 ± 0.00024, respectively, exhibiting high genetic diversity of Myanmar indigenous chickens. Sixty-four haplotypes were classified as seven haplogroups, with the majority being haplogroup F. The breeds and populations except Inbinwa had multiple maternal haplogroups, suggesting that they experienced no recent purifying selection and bottleneck events. All breeds and populations examined shared haplogroup F. When 232 sequences belonging to haplogroup F (79 from Myanmar and 153 deposited sequences from other Asian countries/region) were analyzed together, the highest genetic diversity was observed in Myanmar indigenous chickens. Furthermore, Myanmar indigenous chickens and red junglefowls were observed in the center of the star-like median-joining network of 37 F-haplotypes, suggesting that Myanmar is one of the origins of haplogroup F. These findings revealed the unique genetic characteristic of Myanmar indigenous chickens as important genetic resources.     

Effect of Prosopis (mesquite) invasion and clearing on vegetation cover in semi-arid Nama Karoo rangeland,South Africa

The Nama-Karoo is the largest of the three biomes that comprise the semi-arid Karoo-Namib ecoregion of southern Africa. Large tracts of Nama-Karoo rangeland have been invaded by alien leguminous trees of the genus Prosopis. We assessed the impact of Prosopis invasion and clearing on vegetation cover in heavily grazed Nama-Karoo rangeland on two sheep farms in the Beaufort West district of the Western Cape province of South Africa. Our results suggest that, below critical threshold cover levels, Prosopis trees do not affect indigenous vegetation and add to overall rangeland vegetation cover. However, once Prosopis cover exceeds critical thresholds, the trees begin to negatively impact on indigenous vegetation (especially grasses) and overall vegetation cover. In addition, our data suggest that vegetation cover recovers after Prosopis clearing, being temporarily higher than pre-invasion levels possibly as a result of enhanced post-invasion soil fertility. Lastly, our results suggest that Prosopis trees reduce rangeland erosion potential at low cover and increase it after they exceed critical threshold cover. Information about thresholds of Prosopis impact can be used to direct clearing efforts for maximum benefit when resources are limited.     

叶用型沙棘育种研究--“蒙×中”沙棘F1代雄株变异特性与选优标准的研究

通过对蒙古沙棘亚种优良品种与中国沙棘亚种优良类型F1代雄株的变异特性分析,建立了选择优 良单株的标准,为叶用型沙棘选择育种提供了科学依据。     

南瓜叶防治菜粉蝶幼虫的药效评价及成本分析

通过实验室研究和大田试验对收集自我国民间的土农药——南瓜叶榨取液防治芥蓝菜粉蝶幼虫的药效进行验证和经济方面的分析评价。实验室研究结果表明：南瓜叶榨取液防治菜粉蝶主要作用机制是抑制其取食，在12h和24h的取食抑制中浓度FRC50（Feeding Restrain Content）分别为511．3214和484．3441mg·L^-1；12h和24h菜粉蝶幼虫对浸渍过榨取液芥蓝叶片的非选择性拒食率和选择性拒食率分别为66．00％、57．75％和56．04％、56．52％。大田试验结果表明：在第2、5、7d，榨取液对于芥蓝的保叶效果分别达到了48．17％、65．82％和70.46％；对虫害的防治效果分别达到了97．58％、86．98％和90．72％。经济分析结果显示：用土农药防治菜粉蝶，亩产芥蓝利润值最高，比不进行防治生产方式增加116．35元。     

湖北省国家珍稀濒危植物区系地理研究

经调查研究与统计，湖北省自然分布的国家珍稀濒危植物有５８种。论述了该地区国家珍稀濒危植物的属和种的区系地理分布特点，并提出了开发利用珍稀濒危植物资源的建议。     

Antimycotic Screening of 58 Malaysian Plants against Plant Pathogens

Ethanolic extracts of 58 Malaysian plants belonging to 24 different families were screened for antifungal activity against seven plant pathogens using the filter paper disc diffusion technique. Two varieties of Piper betle, showed strong activity against all the pathogens tested (Colletotrichum capsici, Fusarium pallidoroseum, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium citrinum, Phomopsis caricae-papayae and Aspergillus niger), with inhibition diameters significantly (P<0·01) bigger than 2·5 mg ml⁻¹ prochloraz or 10 mg ml⁻¹ clotrimazole. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the ethanolic extracts of P. betle against these plant pathogens ranged between 0·01 mg ml⁻¹ and 1 mg ml⁻¹. Thirty-four other plants (Kucing gala, Limau batik, Bertholletia excelsa, Bixa orellana, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Cerbera odollam (fruits and leaves), Colocasia gigantea, Curcuma domestica, Curcuma manga, Derris eliptica, Elephantopus scaber, Eleusine indica, Eugenia polyantha, Euphorbia hirta, Euphorbia tirucalli, Gardenia florida, Hedyotis auricularia, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Juniperus chinensis (three varieties), Lawsonia inermis, Lecythis ollaria, Mentha arvensis, Mimusops elengi, Ocimum sanctum, Phyllanthus niruri, Piper nigrum, Piperomia pellucida, Pedilanthus tithymaloides, Polygonum minus, Spondias dulcis, Solanum nigrum, Tinospora tuberculata) showed selective antifungal activity, while 21 species were inactive.     

宿主植物对AM真菌生长发育的影响

研究了宿主植物对丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizae,AM)真菌(Glomus mosseae)生长发育的影响。结果表明:温室条件下,4种宿主植物都能与丛枝菌根真菌共生,综合比较菌根长度、根外菌丝量及孢子数3项指标,高粱敖杂1号对真菌的生长发育最为有利。宿主植物菌根长度及根中的可溶性糖质量分数与根外孢子数呈显著正相关,而宿主植物中磷质量分数与菌根真菌的生长发育没有显著的相关性。说明不同宿主植物甚至同种宿主植物不同基因型的品种与丛枝菌根真菌的共生状况不同,宿主植物的菌根长度及根中可溶性糖质量分数对菌根真菌的生长发育有显著影响。     

基于组织培养技术的姜科植物快繁体系的研究进展

为解决姜科植物繁殖系数低、种性退化等问题,扩大姜科植物的繁殖规模,提高品种自身抗逆性和增产潜力,有效建立姜科植物的离体快繁体系,总结了基于植物组织培养技术的部分姜科植物离体快繁体系构建过程中外植体的选择与消毒处理、丛生芽和愈伤组织的诱导、增殖与分化和生根培养条件,阐述了姜科植物离体快繁体系建立过程中存在的问题及解决方案,同时对植物组织培养在姜科植物中的应用进行了展望,以期为姜科植物产业的健康、快速发展提供参考。     

Development and identification of glyphosate-tolerant transgenic soybean via direct selection with glyphosate

Glyphosate-tolerant soybean is the most widely planted genetically modified crop worldwide. However, soybean remains recalcitrant to routine transformation because of the low infection efficiency of Agrobacterium to soybean and lack of useful selectable markers. In this study, several Agrobacterium strains and cell densities were compared by transient expression of the GUS gene. The results showed that Agrobacterium strain Ag10 at cell densities of OD_(600) of 0.6–0.9 yielded the highest infection efficiency in Agrobacterium-mediated soybean cotyledonary node transformation system. Meanwhile, a simple and rapid method was developed for identification of glyphosate tolerance in putative T_0 transgenic plants, consisting of spotting plantlets with 1 μL Roundup~?. The whole cycle of genetic transformation could be shortened to about 3 mon by highly efficient selection with glyphosate during the transformation process and application of the spot assay in putative T_0 transgenic plantlets. The transformation frequency ranged from 2.9 to 5.6%. This study provides an improved protocol for development and identification of glyphosate-tolerant transgenic soybeans.