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41.
对永春县418个茶园耕层土样的调查表明,土壤pH <4.5的酸化型茶园是永春县中低产茶园的主要类型.酸化的成因主要有土壤因素、茶树自身因素和人为因素等;通过生态茶园建设、化学改良、增施有机肥和推广应用测土配方施肥等措施改良酸化茶园. 相似文献
42.
温室土壤酸化评估的不同pH测定方法比较研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为筛选出适合于温室土壤酸化评估的pH测定方法,以温室中常见的褐土、潮土和水稻土为研究对象,设置不同的KNO3和复合肥(N-P2O5-K2O,15%-15%-15%)梯度,用五种方法:水浸提测定pH(pHw)、0.01 mol·L-1CaCl2浸提测定pH[pH(CaCl2)]、饱和泥浆测定pH(pHw")、田间浓度模拟测定pH[pH(salt)]以及石灰位(pHw-0.5pCa),测定各处理土壤的pH值,并对添加KNO3和复合肥后土壤的酸化状况进行评估。结果表明,KNO3累积在土壤中,虽然没有引入H+,却使pHw下降0.34~1.41个单位,盐分含量越高,pH下降程度越大;复合肥施入土壤中,氮肥转化过程中净释放H+,加之盐分积累的影响,导致pHw下降0.78~2.01个单位。对于其余四种pH测定方法,KNO3使pH(CaCl2)、pHw"、pH(salt)、pHw-0.5pCa分别下降了0~0.06、0.36~0.64、0.17~0.74、0.07~0.19个单位,复合肥使pH(CaCl2)、pHw"、pH(salt)、pHw-0.5pCa分别下降了0.28~1.49、0.51~1.87、0.57~1.89、0.53~1.56个单位。因此,温室中有盐分积累时,若用pHw作为酸化评判标准,计算质子引入量,不考虑盐分的影响,会高估土壤的酸化速率。五种pH测定方法中,pH(CaCl2)与pHw-0.5pCa值比较稳定,受土壤盐分含量影响较小。考虑到盐分积累对pH测定的影响、土壤酸化评估的准确程度以及测定的简易程度,认为pH(CaCl2)与pHw-0.5pCa是用于温室土壤酸化评估的最佳选择。 相似文献
43.
44.
L. Z. Liang X. Q. Zhao X. Y. Yi Z. C. Chen X. Y. Dong R. F. Chen R. F. Shen 《Soil Use and Management》2013,29(2):161-168
Intensive vegetable cultivation has developed very rapidly in China, and investigation of current soil nutrient problems in vegetable fields and their potential environmental risk is important for local soil nutrient management strategies. Three hundred and sixty‐six soil samples were collected from greenhouse vegetable fields, open vegetable fields and rice/wheat rotation fields in southern Jiangsu Province, the most intensive vegetable‐producing areas in Yangtze River Delta, China, for the analysis of their soil fertility status. Soil acidification and P enrichment were the main problems identified in this area of vegetable production, with about 20 and 17% of the open and greenhouse vegetable field soils, respectively, being extremely acid with soil pH values below 5.0. In contrast, no soils under rice/wheat rotation fields were as acidic. Percentages of sites with Olsen‐P concentrations < 90 mg/kg were 61, 85 and 0% for soils growing greenhouse vegetable, field vegetable and rice/wheat, respectively. The nitrogen (N) surplus for vegetable fields exceeded 170 kg/ha/crop, and the phosphorus (P) surplus exceeded 40 kg/ha/crop. Thus, current vegetable production leads to potential environmental risks of N and P pollution of nearby aquatic bodies. Insufficient supplementation with potassium fertilizers was found in some vegetable fields. Several ameliorative measures are proposed. 相似文献
45.
Maria Laura Boschiroli Safia Ouahrani-Bettache Vincent Foulongne Sylvie Michaux-Charachon Gisele Bourg Annick Allardet-Servent Chantal Cazevieille Jean-Phillipe Lavigne Jean Pierre Liautard Michel Ramuz David OCallaghan 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,90(1-4)
The type IV secretion system, encoded by the virB region, is a key virulence factor for Brucella. The 12 genes of the region form an operon that is specifically induced by phagosome acidification in cells after phagocytosis. We speculate that the system serves to secrete unknown effector molecules, which allow Brucella to pervert the host cell endosomal pathways and to create a novel intracellular compartment in which it can replicate. 相似文献
46.
Growth Responses of Twelve Wheat Cultivars and their Phosphorus Utilization from Rock Phosphate 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Growth responses of 12 wheat cultivars and their phosphorus utilization were studied in a greenhouse. They were grown for 18 days in a solution containing rock phosphate as the phosphorus (p) source. Biomass of 26 day old plants of all the cultivars varied significantly whereas their shoot to root ratio stayed constant. The dry matter yield of all the 12 cultivars was significantly correlated with the p uptake (r = 0.74). Whereas the higher p uptake by all the cultivars was significantly (P < 0.01) related to the drop in the root medium pH, which was presumably owing to the H+ efflux from their roots. The wheat cultivar Blue Silver proved to be the most efficient p user and therefore seems to have the highest potential of making best growth in soils with poor p availability among the 12 wheat cultivars under investigation. 相似文献
47.
48.
三峡库区紫色土坡地土壤粗骨沙化和酸化特征 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
土壤侵蚀是三峡库区紫色土坡地土壤退化的主因,并由此造成土壤粗骨沙化和酸化。利用土地特性系列比较法,通过野外调查和室内分析相结合,研究了三峡库区紫色土坡地土壤退化特征,结果表明:(1)与未退化样地相比,不同利用方式和不同坡度段土壤粗化现象明显,表明它们存在不同程度的侵蚀退化。各土地利用类型pH值均有所减少,表征该研究区紫色土向酸性方向发展,特别是园地和菜地。(2)不同利用方式下土壤沙化程度由高到低的顺序是:荒地>建设用地>耕地>草地>林地>菜地>园地。(3)不同坡度段紫色土坡地土壤沙化程度基本随坡度的增加而增大,但>30°坡度段土壤沙化最轻。(4)不同利用方式和不同坡度段土壤粘粒、有机质、全N、碱解氮、全P、速效P、全K、速效K、阳离子交换量、pH值及微量元素之间存在着明显的相关性。 相似文献
49.
W. de Vries E. E. J. M. Leeters C. M. A. Hendriks 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,85(3):1063-1068
Effects of elevated S and N deposition on the solution chemistry of Dutch forest soils are mainly manifested by increased concentrations of Al associated with increased concentrations of SO4 and NO4. Presumed critical Al/base cation ratios are often exceeded below 20 cm soil depth. There is also evidence that elevated N deposion during the last decades affected the forest nutrient status and caused large changes in forest vegetation. About half of the Dutch forests have absolute shortage of P and relative Mg deficiencies compared to foliar N contents. Evidence from field studies of a relationship between soil acidification and nutrient imbalances in the soil and the foliage on one hand and the vitality of forests on the other hand is, however, lacking. 相似文献
50.
Michael Dreyer Merle Wichmann Marie Rischen Bruno M. Görlach Annika Ehmke Britta Pitann Karl H. Mühling 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2020,183(3):389-396
Background : Manganese deficiency often becomes a yield limiting factor, particularly on calcareous soils, even though the total soil manganese content is usually sufficient. Although it is known that acidifying N fertilizers can improve Mn availability, the reason of this effect is still unknown. Aim : Our aim was to investigate the effect of stabilized ammonium fertilizers as a tool to distinguish between physiological‐ and nitrification‐induced acidification. Method : Two pot experiments with Triticum aestivum L. and one soil incubation experiment using different nitrogen forms (CN = calcium nitrate, AN = ammonium nitrate, AS = ammonium sulfate, ATS = ammonium thiosulfate) with and without addition of nitrification inhibitors (DCD, Nitrapyrin, Piadin, DMPP) were conducted to examine the effect on Mn availability in the soil and Mn uptake by the plants at different development stages (EC 31 und 39). Results : With increasing fertilizer content a higher Mn concentration was detected: CN: 32 µg Mn g?1 DM, AN: 39 µg Mn g?1 DW, AS: 55 µg Mn g?1 DM, ATS: 109 µg Mn g?1 DM. The addition of a nitrification inhibitor resulted in a significantly lower rhizosphere pH compared to the non‐stabilized fertilizer. Surprisingly, the use of different nitrification inhibitors led to unchanged (CN, AN) or lower Mn concentrations of wheat. Especially in the treatments (AS and ATS), this negative effect was very evident (AS+DCD: 42 µg Mn g?1 DM; ATS+DCD: 55 µg Mn g?1 DM). Conclusions : Mn availability was enhanced by ongoing nitrification process rather than physiological acidification. Compared to other N forms, ammonium thiosulfate led to the highest Mn availability in bulk soil. 相似文献