吸附法固定光合细菌技术产氢能力的研究

研究了吸附法固定光合细菌的产氢能力,结果表明采用不同的吸附材料固定光合细菌,其产氢能力与游离态细菌相比均有提高.产氢能力最好的是大粒经陶粒,平均总产氢量达到452.7 mL,是对照组游离态细菌总产氢量的2.16倍,平均产氢速率是对照组的1.95倍,小粒径陶粒的产氢能力次之,平均总产氢量是对照组的1.72倍,平均产氢速率是对照组的1.73倍,沙砾和大孔树脂的产氢能力低于陶粒,但优于游离态细菌,产氢量分别是对照组的1.43倍和1.09倍,产氢速率分别是对照组的1.34倍和1.08倍.研究还发现采用吸附法固定光合细菌进行产氢,不仅能提高产氢能力,而且能提高氢气含量,延长产氢时间.     

新疆冬季密闭羊舍的空气质量分析

对一栋密闭式羊舍内的空气质量进行了观测及分析,结果表明:在舍内0.6m、1.6m和3.0m的不同高度层中,氨气的平均浓度分别35.0mg/m3、36.7mg/m3和44.2 mg/m3,其中3.0m显著高于0.6m、1.6m(P<0.05),0.6m、1.6m之间差异不显著(P>0.05);硫化氢的平均浓度分别为0.0039mg/m30、.0027 mg/m3和0.0030mg/m3,各层浓度间差异均不显著(P>0.05);二氧化碳的平均浓度分别为2571mg/m3、2593mg/m3和2581mg/m3,各层浓度间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。舍内NH3、H2S、CO2气体呈现一定的昼夜变化,三种气体白天的平均浓度均低于夜间。而舍内各环境因素之间存在一定的相关关系,其中温度高低对舍内NH3与CO2气体的含量有明显的影响,舍内空气湿度的变化对TSP、PM10的含量和粪便含水量对舍内NH3的含量亦有明显的影响,它们之间均存在显著的相关性。     

Quercetin attenuates H2O2‐induced toxicity of rooster semen during liquid storage at 4°C

Current study was carried out to examine the protective effects of quercetin against toxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide in rooster semen in vitro. Semen samples were collected from ten roosters (Ross 308 broiler breeder males, 32 weeks old) twice a week by abdominal massage method. Samples with ≥70% progressive motility were selected, pooled, diluted and used for the study. Experimental groups consisted of negative control, control that received solvent of quercetin, H₂O₂ (40 μM) and combination groups which incubated with constant dose of H₂O₂ (40 μM) plus various levels of quercetin (20, 40 and 80 μM). Measurement of total hydroperoxide (HPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase activity as well as routine sperm tests were done at 0, 24 and 48 hr of storage at 4°C. Results revealed that exposure to hydrogen peroxide significantly increased HPO (138.43 ± 7.32 vs. 66.08 ± 3.97 μmol/g protein), MDA (7.21 ± 0.08 vs. 5.71 ± 2.16 μmol/g protein) and NO (0.367 ± 0.013 vs. 0.215 ± 0.011 μmol/g protein) levels and decreased sperm progressive motility (27.28 ± 1.21 vs. 47.49 ± 1.29%), and amounts of TAC (11.49 ± 0.39 vs. 15.70 ± 0.79 mmol/g protein) compared to control at 24 hr (p < 0.05). Changes at mentioned variables were repeated at 48 hr of storage. Also, co‐administration of quercetin (especially at 40 and 80 μM) with hydrogen peroxide restored the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide on rooster semen parameters such as primary and secondary lipid peroxidative indicators and other evaluated variables. The study concluded that rooster semen enrichment with quercetin would protect lipid peroxidative and nitrosative hydrogen peroxide‐mediated damage during cold liquid storage of rooster semen.     

Abscisic acid alleviates the deleterious effects of cold stress on ‘Sultana’ grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) plants by improving the anti-oxidant activity and photosynthetic capacity of leaves

The effects of exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA) on anti-oxidant enzyme activities and photosynthetic capacity in ‘Sultana’ grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) were investigated under cold stress. When vines had an average of 15 leaves, 0 (control), 50, 100, or 200 µM ABA was sprayed to run-off on all leaves of each plant. Twenty-four hours after foliar spraying with ABA, half (n = 5) of the water-only control vines and half (n = 5) of each group of ABA-treated plants were subjected to 4°C for 12 h, followed by a recovery period of 3 d under greenhouse conditions (25°/18°C day/night). The remaining plants in each treatment group were kept at 24°C. Cold stress increased H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in vine leaves, whereas all foliar ABA treatments significantly reduced their levels. Chilled plants showed marked increases in their total soluble protein contents in response to each ABA treatment. ABA significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase in cold-stressed grapevine leaves. In contrast, cold stress markedly decreased the rates of leaf photosynthesis (A) and evaporation (E), stomatal conductance (g_s), and chlorophyll concentrations in leaves, but increased intercellular CO₂ concentrations (C_i) in leaves. Treatment with all concentrations of ABA resulted in lower leaf A, E, and g_s values, but higher C_i values at 24°C. However, following cold stress, ABA-treated vines showed higher leaf A, E, and g_s values, but lower C_i values compared to control vines without ABA treatment. The application of 50–200 µM ABA allowed chilled vines to recover more quickly when re-exposed to normal temperatures, enabling the vines to resume their photosynthetic capacity more efficiently following cold stress. These results showed that, by stimulating anti-oxidant enzyme systems and alleviating cold-induced stomatal limitations, ABA reduced the inhibitory effect of cold stress on the rate of CO₂ fixation in ‘Sultana’ grapevine plants.     

离子束修饰提高钛阴极析氢活性

研究了双重离子注入Ｗ＾＋／Ｎｉ＾＋,Ｗ＾＋／Ｍｏ＾＋及溅射Ｆｅ后再单离子注入Ｃｏ＾＋或Ｗ＾＋等离子束修饰的钛电极在１ＮＨ２ＳＯ４中的析氢电催化性能,结果表明：与纯钛电极相比,离子束修饰电极的催化析氢活性得到显著改善,其中,注Ｗ＾＋／Ｎｉ＾＋电极的析氢过电位降低３００ｍＶ,用ＸＰＳ和ＡＥＳ能谱分析了离子束修饰电极的表面元素及相结构,讨论了修饰电极催化所氢机理。     

EGR与富氢进气对柴油机性能和排放的影响

试验研究了利用EGR加富氢进气改善ZS195型柴油机性能和排放的可行性,在标定转速下试验研究了不同EGR率、掺氢率对ZS195型柴油机工作过程、排放和经济特性的影响.研究结果表明:在高负荷工况,当EGR率一定时,随着掺氢率的增加,缸内峰值压力和压力升高率峰值增加.EGR加富氢进气可以降低HC、CO排放量和烟度,但NO_x排放量有所增加.ZS195型柴油机采用EGR技术后,富氢进气会提高缸内混合气的燃烧速度,改善缸内燃烧质量,发动机的热效率有所增加.     

The interaction between temperature and dose on the efficacy and biochemical response of Atlantic salmon to hydrogen peroxide treatment for amoebic gill disease

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is a commonly used treatment for a range of parasitic diseases of marine finfish, including amoebic gill disease (AGD). While this treatment is partially effective at reducing parasite load, H₂O₂ can have detrimental effects on the host under certain conditions. Treatment temperature and dose concentration are two factors that are known to influence the toxicity of H₂O₂; however, their impact on the outcome of AGD treatment remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of treatment temperature (8, 12 or 16°C) and dose concentration (750, 1,000, 1,250 mg/L) on the efficacy of H₂O₂ to treat AGD. We demonstrated that a 20-min bath treatment of H₂O₂ at all doses reduced both parasite load and gross gill score significantly. Parasite load and gross gill score were lowest in the 1,000 mg/L treatment performed at 12°C. At the high dose and temperature combinations, H₂O₂ caused moderate gill damage and a significant increase in the plasma concentration of electrolytes (sodium, chloride and potassium). Taken together, our study demonstrates that higher H₂O₂ treatment temperatures can adversely affect the host and do not improve the effectiveness of the treatment.     

Disinfection of almaco jack (Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes) eggs: Evaluation of three chemicals

Almaco jack (Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes) is an excellent candidate for aquaculture due to its fast growth rate and high market value. While S. rivoliana have adapted well to captivity, survival at early life stages can be improved to increase profitability during production. A wide range of variables cause larval mortalities but high bacterial loads in rearing tanks are often correlated with these losses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of egg disinfection on bacterial load and hatch rate of S. rivoliana. Disinfectants tested included formalin (F100 and F200; 100 and 200 mg/L, respectively, for 60 min), hydrogen peroxide (HPO; 300 mg/L for 10 min) and peracetic acid/hydrogen peroxide (PAA/HPO; 15.7 mg/L/39.6 mg/L for 1 min). Concentrations and contact times were determined based on current use in marine aquaculture and preliminary trials. Eggs treated with HPO and F100 had significantly higher hatch rates than the untreated control group. All treatments significantly decreased total Vibrio counts compared to untreated eggs; however, total bacterial counts were only decreased following treatments with PAA/HPO and F200. To prevent egg mortality due to bacterial overgrowth, consideration should be given to the use of surface disinfection using HPO or F100. Future studies should investigate the use of peracetic‐based products at lower doses.     

H2S和NO在大白菜抵抗高温胁迫中的作用

结合药理学和植物生理生化的方法,通过外源施加供体或清除剂,并观察幼苗生长的变化,意在研究H_2S和NO两种气体信号分子在大白菜抵抗高温胁迫中的生理作用及相互影响。实验结果表明:高温胁迫明显抑制大白菜幼苗的生长,导致植株叶片明显萎蔫卷曲。胁迫条件下,植株可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量以及相对电导率均显著升高,内源H_2S和NO含量明显上升,外源生理浓度H_2S和NO处理可明显缓解高温胁迫对幼苗生长的影响,并且两种信号分子存在相互作用,外源H_2S缓解内源NO含量的上升,而外源NO对内源H_2S含量变化并没有显著影响。综上,气体信号分子H_2S和NO交叉互作参与大白菜抵御高温胁迫。     

响应曲面法优化野蔷薇根多糖脱色工艺

[目的]优化野蔷薇根多糖的过氧化氢(H2O2)法脱色工艺条件,为野蔷薇根多糖的脱色纯化提供技术支持.[方法]以野蔷薇根为试验材料,以多糖脱色率和保留率为考察指标,利用响应曲面法对H2O2法脱色野蔷薇根多糖的工艺条件进行优化.[结果]通过响应曲面法建立野蔷薇根多糖脱色的回归模型为:Y=94.84+3.08A+1.83B+0.88C+0.17AB+0.23AC-0.055BC-3.17A2-1.31B2-0.87C2(Y为多糖脱色率,A为H2O2体积分数、B为溶液pH、C为脱色时间),该模型拟合度较好.H2O2法脱色野蔷薇根多糖的最佳工艺条件为:H2O2体积分数35.0%、溶液pH 9.00、脱色时间4.5 h,在此条件下多糖脱色率和保留率分别为95.48%和75.17%,脱色率与理论值96.55%的相对误差为1.11%.H2O2体积分数、溶液pH和脱色时间3个因素对野蔷薇根多糖脱色效果均有极显著影响(P<0.01).[结论]H2O2脱色法具有操作简便、脱色效果明显、成本低等优点,可对野蔷薇根多糖进行有效脱色.