Effects of Pretreatment by the Flavanol Ampelopsin on Porcine Kidney Epithelial Cell Injury Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide

This study investigated the protective effects of ampelopsin on H2O2-induced oxidative injury in porcine kidney epithelial cell line, PK-15; cells were pretreated with medium containing 0, 15, 30, and 60 ug mL-1 ampelopsin, respectively, for 1 h prior to the addition of 100 umol L-1 H2O2. After 2 h, the cell viability, intracellular superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） activity, cellular malondialdehyde （MDA） content, and DNA strand breakage were determined. Results showed that ampelopsin pretreatment did not modify the SOD and GSH-Px inactivation but significantly decreased MDA production; except for the medium dose （30 ug mL-1）, all the tested concentrations of ampelopsin did not significantly inhibit cell viability reduction and gave no influence on DNA damage. The results suggested that all the tested doses of ampelopsin pretreatment before H2O2 addition can protect PK-15 cell from H2O2-induced lipid peroxidation, which might not be mediated by the SOD and GSH-Px responsees. The appropriate dose of ampelopsin pretreatment prevents PK-15 cell from DNA damage and cell viability reduction.     

改进型生物过滤器对H2S和NH3混合气体去除效果的研究

生物过滤器去除恶臭气体的影响因素包括进气的容积负荷、填料湿度、填料层高度、填料中微生物种群和数量及填料层成分的变化,为进一步了解生物过滤器的去除效果,共设计4个处理组,分别编号为A、B、C和D,用猪粪堆肥、珍珠塔、活性蚯蚓粪和锯末按不同比例组成生物过滤器填料,并添加除臭优势菌种和蚯蚓处理H2S和NH3。结果表明,生物过滤器填料中微生物数量丰富,细菌和真菌在最高的C组分别达到(2.23～3.26)×1010cfu·g-1和(2.00～3.08)×105cfu·g-1。在生物过滤器填料中各种形态氮和硫的分布不均匀,NH4+-N与S2--S由下向上递减,而NO3--N起初是下部高于上部,但随着运行时间的延长,上部的NO3--N逐渐高于下部。在该生物除臭系统中,用活性蚯蚓粪、堆肥和锯末混合填料(C)处理效果最好,是很好的生物过滤器填料,有存活的蚯蚓,其余3个处理均没有存活的蚯蚓。     

2种不同产氢方式的初步研究

介绍了悬浮菌种和固定化微生物2种不同方式的生物产氢试验,从累积产氢量、氢气浓度、平均比产氢速率、废水COD去除率方面,比较了这2种不同产氢方式的差异及各自的优缺点。     

Hydrogen peroxide produced by a low‐molecular‐weight compound in milk with high electrical conductivity in dairy cows

In dairy cows, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) produced from a low‐molecular‐weight compound in milk from inflamed quarters was lower than that in milk from un‐inflamed quarters. In milk of delivery grade, characteristics of H₂O₂ production in milk with high electrical conductivity (EC) were examined in this study. Milk samples were collected from a total of 230 cows at 1‐month intervals, and the EC of skimmed milk was determined. Based on the highest and the lowest EC of a cow's quarter milk, the inter‐quarter difference of ≥0.6 mS/cm (mean + t_0.01 SE) was taken as a high EC. Milk with high EC was found in 52 quarters. In cows with milk of high EC, H₂O₂ production in milk with normal EC was higher than that in milk with high EC in the same animal but was lower than that in the control population. In milk with high EC, the decrease of H₂O₂ production correlated with the increase in EC. The production of H₂O₂ decreased in particular when the inter‐quarter difference exceeded 0.8 mS/cm. In milk collected from the same quarter 1 month before, EC changed from normal to high, and H₂O₂ production decreased. In milk from the other three quarters, EC remained normal and H₂O₂ production remained unchanged. We concluded that milk with high EC appeared in low H₂O₂‐producing cows. The results suggest that the degree of decrease in H₂O₂ production reflects the extent of quarter abnormality.     

秸秆类生物质酶解动力学与光合生物产氢特性研究

采用类分形动力学对4种常见秸秆类生物质的酶水解过程及其光合生物产氢能力进行了实验研究,并分析了各种秸秆类生物质的光合生物产氢能力及其与产氢菌种生长之间的相关关系,得到了秸秆类生物质酶解及光合生物产氢的相关动力学方程。实验结果表明,4种秸秆类生物质的酶解效果与产氢能力从大到小依次为小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆、高粱秸秆、棉花秸秆,酶解后还原糖质量浓度分别达到了19.88、15.72、14.04、9.41 g/L,累积产氢量分别达到了515.7、362、194.8、123.95 m L,且在菌种生长的对数期产氢速率达到最大。同时,利用类分形动力学揭示了秸秆类生物质酶解动力学参数与还原糖质量浓度及累积产氢量成正比例关系,为进一步完善秸秆类生物质光合生物产氢工艺理论和技术提供了参考。     

Hydrogen peroxide pretreatment alters the activity of antioxidant enzymes and protects chloroplast ultrastructure in heat-stressed cucumber leaves

To elucidate the physiological mechanism of heat stress mitigated by exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) further, seedlings of Cucumis sativus cv Lvfeng no. 6 were subjected to two temperatures (42/38 and 25/18 °C) after pretreatment with 1.5 mM H₂O₂. We investigated whether exogenous H₂O₂ could protect chloroplast ultrastructure under heat stress (42/38 °C) and whether the protective effect was associated with the regulation of antioxidant enzymes. The heat condition disintegrated the membranes of 71.4% chloroplasts in the leaf cells and resulted in the elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and endogenous H₂O₂. When H₂O₂ pretreatment was combined with the heat stress, the abnormal chloroplasts occurred at a rate of 33.3%, and the contents of MDA and endogenous H₂O₂ were decreased. Heat stress and exogenous H₂O₂ both increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, EC 1.11.1.9), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), monodehydroascorbate reducatase (MDHAR, EC 1.6.5.4), and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2). The combined effect of heat stress and H₂O₂ pretreatment led to higher activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), GSH-Px, DHAR, MDHAR and GR in comparison to the heat treatment alone. We propose that exogenous H₂O₂ increases antioxidant enzyme activities in cucumber leaves, decreases lipid peroxidation, and thus protects the ultrastructure of chloroplasts under heat stress.     

外源蔗糖，Vc对铬诱导的拟南芥主根生长抑制和过氧化物积累的缓解作用

通过水培实验研究重金属铬胁迫下拟南芥主根生长和过氧化物积累情况,以及外源施加蔗糖和维生素C对毒害的缓解作用。结果发现随着铬浓度的升高,植物主根生长受到了明显的抑制,胎盘兰染色表明高剂量的铬造成了主根的根尖细胞的死亡。进一步DAB染色发现铬胁迫诱导植物根尖大量积累过氧化氢,而在胁迫培养基中加入蔗糖和维生素C都可显著改善植物根的生长、减低过氧化氢的积累,并减少铬诱导的根尖细胞的死亡。上述结果表明铬胁迫诱导的拟南芥主根生长的抑制很可能是由于根尖细胞过氧化物积累所致。     

土壤强还原消毒过程中产生气体对土传病原菌的抑制作用

土壤强还原(reductive soil disinfestation,RSD)是一种高效、环保的土壤消毒方法,为明确RSD杀菌机理,采用气相色谱和荧光定量PCR等技术研究RSD过程中产生的气体对土传病原菌的杀菌作用。结果表明:RSD过程中土壤能够产生H_2S和NH_3;当在装有25 g病土的三角瓶中分别加入25 m L的H_2S和NH_3时,土壤中尖孢镰刀菌的数量均显著下降,其杀菌效果分别为90.3%和100.0%;当在病土中加入0.125%(w/w)氨水时,尖孢镰刀菌、茄劳尔氏菌、辣椒疫霉和立枯丝核菌的数量分别下降至对照土壤的1.0%、0.3%、0.1%和0.9%;此外,加入10μL氨水即可显著抑制尖孢镰刀菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发,抑制率分别为52.8%和100.0%。表明RSD过程中产生的H_2S和NH_3对RSD过程的杀菌效果起着一定的作用。     

芦苇不同生育期盐碱土离子含量动态变化研究

研究芦苇不同生育期盐碱土离子含量的动态变化,为生物措施治理盐碱土壤的应用提供参考。自制水泥圆柱装置,0.8 m（内径）×0.98 m（高度）20个,用陕西定边盐碱土进行填装,一排10个装置分别种植芦苇,另一排10个装置不种植任何作物,采用土钻在芦苇各生育期取每个装置0—20 cm土样,分别测定了芦苇出苗期、展叶期、开花期、成熟期和枯黄期盐碱土pH,电导率,Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺,K⁺,Na⁺,CO₃^2-,HCO₃^-,Cl^-,SO₄^2-的含量。芦苇在整个生长阶段能促进盐碱土壤的pH值降低0.65个单位,电导率总体下降756.55 μS/cm,Ca²⁺含量减少138.70 mg/kg,SO₄^2-含量减少115.35 mg/kg,Cl^-含量减少57.76 mg/kg,HCO₃^-含量减少57.76 mg/kg,Na⁺含量减少55.58 mg/kg,CO₃^2-含量减少31.66 mg/kg,Mg²⁺含量减少26.93 mg/kg,K⁺含量减少12.65 mg/kg。盐碱土上种植芦苇比不种植芦苇的土壤pH,电导率,Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺,K⁺,Na⁺,CO₃^2-,HCO₃^-,Cl^-,SO₄^2-含量均有所降低,芦苇可能存在富集盐分的能力,在一定程度上能改良陕西定边土壤的盐碱化状况。     

Effect of hydrogen peroxide exposures on mucous cells and lysozymes of gill tissues of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaeceus

We investigated the effects of hydrogen peroxide on mucous cells and lysozymes in gill tissue of olive flounder. Morphological analysis revealed significant changes in the number of mucous cells after exposure to 300 and 500 mg L ^{? 1} hydrogen peroxide; however, there was no detectable difference in the 100 mg L ^{? 1} group. Lysozyme activities declined gradually in the gill mucus, but in contrast activities in serum increased significantly following the completion of treatment. The hepatic c‐ and g‐type lysozyme levels showed significant responses, indicating that the liver is a major lysozyme producer in response to stress condition; however, in the head kidney, there were no significant changes in the g‐type lysozyme level in all the groups, while the only detectable difference with the c‐type gene in the 300 mg L ^{? 1}. While the treatments showed no significant changes compared with the control for either branchial lysozyme, there were significant differences in c‐type lysozyme between the 3rd treatment and 5 day. Taken together, our data indicate that hydrogen peroxide treatment may lead to modulation of the innate immune response of olive flounder; therefore, the application of hydrogen peroxide in a field system will require more attention to dose and timing effects.