农户生态行为抉择的影响因素研究

生态行为对农村环境的水资源、空气质量与耕地保护起着重要作用。基于福建省9个地级市市59个县(县级市)220份农户的调查数据,本文试图把农户的灌溉行为、秸秆处置行为和其他属于农户生态行为的因素结合在一起构成衡量农户生态行为水平的指标,运用有序多分类logistic回归模型分析影响农户生态行为抉择的内部因素和外部环境因素。研究结果表明：(1)农户年龄、性别和受教育程度对农户生态行为水平没有显著的影响；(2)农户的家庭劳动力人数、耕地面积、是否加入农民合作组织等家庭经济特征和法规约束、群体压力等的外部环境因素对农户生态行为水平有显著的影响。在此基础上,有针对性提出了提高农户生态行为水平,促进农村生态环境改善的建议。     

Farmers' perception of vegetation changes in semi‐arid Niger

Vegetation changes due to climate and human impact in Sahelian countries are rarely documented at species composition level. The decrease or disappearance of certain plant species reduces vegetation cover and enhances the exposure of soil surfaces to wind and water erosion leading to increased land degradation. Men and women in Niger were asked to note plant species and relate their numerical development to pre‐defined observation criteria comparing the present and past. Plant species in decline or that had disappeared were reported more often than species that had increased or were newly introduced. The increasing species that were mentioned were often in use for different purposes and seem to be robust enough and well adapted to the semi‐arid environment. But the interviewed farmers also stated the loss of many valuable species that they used for construction and hand tools, consumption, medicine or fodder. Those declining species are of socio‐economic importance for individual households and the rural ecology. Men mentioned 18 species that had disappeared. Differences in the perception of men and women could be found. Women seemed to have a better perception for species which had increased or were newly introduced, whereas men perceived more a decrease or disappearance of species. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

社会化服务发达条件下粮食生产农户土地流转意愿研究

本文运用有序多分类Logistic回归分析法对社会化服务发达条件下粮食生产农户的土地流转意愿及影响因素进行实证分析。结果表明,不同兼业条件下的农户土地流转意愿存在显著差异,纯农户希望保持不变的意愿比较强烈,二兼农户希望流出土地的意愿表现较强。影响农户不同流转意愿的因素主要有户主年龄、受教育程度、非农收入所占比重、兼业用工所占比重、农用生产资料费用。