Load behaviors of a prefabricated wood framing house during lifting and transportation

Lifting for handling and flatbed truck transportation to the job site are important processes during manufacture of prefabri-cated wooden construction units like mini homes and building modules. Significant damage can occur to sections or components of units during these operations. Although damage usually will not impair its structural safety, it is costly to fix and causes the public to perceive prefabricated wooden buildings as low quality products. Field observations and preliminary numerical models for prefabri-cated units subject to lifting and transportation forces are summarized here. Once fully developed and verified, models will support the creation of damage mitigation strategies centered on structural details indicating how units are to be supported during lifting and transportation.     

从空间尺度论述陆生野生动物生境选择研究进展

指出了生境是动物生存和繁衍的重要场所,生境的质量及其可利用程度是决定动物种群生死存亡的关键因素。因此,研究动物的生境利用特点成为生物保护学研究的热点。综述了不同空间尺度上陆生野生动物生境选择研究的概况,以期对今后开展生境利用研究工作时在方法的选取方面提供借鉴和指导。     

新生代农民工返乡务农意愿及其影响因素分———基于陕西389 位新生代农民工的调查

研究新生代农民工的返乡务农意愿对解决当前我国农业劳动力结构性短缺问题有重要参考意义.通过建立Logistic回归模型,分析被抽样调查的陕西389位新生代农民工的返乡务农意愿及其影响因素.结果显示:被调查新生代农民工中,73.78％的人表示将一直留在城镇务工,不愿意返乡务农;新生代农民工的家庭农业收入、家乡的社会风气、家乡政府农业支持力度对其返乡务农意愿有着显著正向影响;新生代农民工对子女教育态度、家乡消费观念对其返乡务农意愿有着显著负向影响;而新生代农民工外出务工后体质变化、对务农技能掌握情况、家庭中农业劳动力人数、老人医药费负担情况、回家频率、所学技能对回乡务农帮助等因素对其返乡务农意愿无显著影响.并在此基础上提出了引导和支持新生代农民工返乡并从事现代农业生产的政策建议.     

Determining home range,changes in habitat use with time,and the threats to an endangered freshwater turtle (Rafetus euphraticus) in Turkey

1. The Euphrates softshell turtle (Rafetus euphraticus) is the most threatened chelonian species in the Middle East, where it is endemic to the Tigris and Euphrates basins. Since the ecology of this species is little known, it is difficult to plan any reliable action for its correct management and conservation.
2. To enhance the scientific knowledge on R. euphraticus, and to establish a science-based management strategy, a detailed investigation was undertaken on the distribution, habitat, activity and home range of R. euphraticus in Turkey. The previous distribution records in Turkey are for the 1990s; thus, this study is the first comprehensive field research on the species after nearly 3 decades.
3. There was a significant sexual size dimorphism in the Turkish population, with males larger than females.
4. Four individuals were radiotracked for 1 year. The mean home range was highly variable depending on how it was calculated, but that of males was considerably greater than that of females by all methods used.
5. A quantitative evaluation was made of habitat change with time. The land cover classes potentially available to turtles in the Euphrates River basin increased by more than 100% between the 1990s and 2018: 92% of this enhancement was derived from water bodies and coastal lands.
6. Fifteen dams have been built in the lower part of the basins in the last 30 years. In addition, continuing human interactions have caused the fragmentation or destruction of suitable habitats for R. euphraticus.
7. The factors threatening R. euphraticus were assessed and a conservation action plan was developed. Some objectives such as monitoring and creating awareness of this action plan have been met while others are still waiting to be achieved.

     

论李白怀乡诗

李白一生写下了大量的怀乡诗。随诗人人生际遇的变化，在不同的阶段呈现不同的意蕴和内涵.早年的怀乡诗在壮怀激昂中蕴孽着淡淡乡愁，中年的怀乡诗更多怜子思亲的伦理亲情，晚年的怀乡诗体现了强烈的回归意念。     

Patterns of movement of adult northern pike (Esox lucius L.) in a regulated river

Abstract –  We performed a tagging study on one of the spawning populations of northern pike ( Esox lucius L.) of the River Kajaaninjoki in Finland. Northern pike is the main predator in many lakes and rivers in the northern hemisphere. Previous tagging studies have shown a general tendency to sedentary behaviour by pike. Whether individuals in a fish population adapt a sedentary or moving strategy may affect population persistence. To study if the spawning population consists of sedentary or moving individuals and the pattern of movements, we tagged 40 pike with radio transmitters and followed them from May 2002 to June 2003. Pike were caught and tagged during the spawning season in the mouth of the River Kajaaninjoki which flows into one of the largest lakes in Finland, Lake Oulujärvi. Our results suggest that the pike spawning population consisted of sedentary pike ( N  = 16) dwelling the whole year in the river, and moving pike ( N  = 24) which moved to Lake Oulujärvi after the spawning period. Pike exhibited homing behaviour, as most of the migrating pike returned to the same spawning area in the following year. Large pike had a higher movement rate than small pike during the summer and seasonally the movement rate was lowest during the spring and highest during the summer.     

国内外天然橡胶种植情况分析

从世界及国内2个角度对中国天然橡胶的种植情况进行分析,确定了中国天然橡胶种植在世界上的地位及发展趋势。通过计算效率优势比较指数、规模优势比较指数、效益优势比较指数,从生产资料利用率、种植专业化程度及经济效益角度,对中国天然橡胶五大主产区云南、海南、广东、广西和福建的综合比较优势进行了评定,确定了中国各天然橡胶产区在天然橡胶产业发展中的地位、特点及不足。     

新时代精英返乡与乡村治理 ——基于皖南两个村庄的调查

健全乡村治理体系是乡村振兴的内在动力,现代化的乡村治理不仅能推动乡村振兴,而且是国家治理的重要组成部分。当前正值脱贫攻坚的关键期和乡村振兴实施的新阶段,乡村社会环境得到了极大改善,吸引了不少外出精英回归乡村,有部分甚至重返乡村社会的“前台”,成为乡村治理中创新的代表,其作用不可忽视。本文结合已有文献和调研实例,对返乡精英之于乡村治理的作用进行分析,认为返乡精英必然会影响乡村治理的体系,重构乡村治理的权力结构,成为乡村治理体系中重要的一方面,能有效推进乡村治理现代化的进程,推动国家治理体系与治理能力现代化的建设。     

花枝鼠家庭健康饲养技术

原产欧美的花枝鼠,深受人们喜爱,已成为中国家养鼠的新品种。通过对花枝鼠的识别要点、生活习性及繁殖要点的介绍,从家庭养殖环境选择、饲料的选择与喂养、科学饮水、疾病防控等方面,论述了花枝鼠的家庭健康养殖技术,为家庭健康饲养花枝鼠提供参考。     

Movements of dams milked for fermented horse milk production in Mongolia

Airag, (Fermented horse milk) is a traditional milk product in Mongolia. Herders separate foals from their dams and tie them at a milking site during the daytime to produce airag. To evaluate the effects of horse management on the movement of dams, we tracked three dams in a herd in camp 1 during summer and camp 2 during autumn of 2013 and analyzed their movements during the milking (daytime) and non‐milking (nighttime) periods in an area famous for its high‐quality airag. Dams were gathered every 1.7 ± 0.0 h between 07.46 and 15.47 hours at the milking sites and milked 4.6 ± 0.2 times/day during the study period (86 days). Daily cumulative and maximum linear distances from the milking sites were longer (P < 0.01) during the non‐milking period than during the milking period. Daily home ranges were 91 and 26 times greater during the non‐milking period (P < 0.001) in camps 1 and 2, respectively. The greater range during the non‐milking period would reflect the spatial distributions of water, salt and forage. The dams initially used similar areas and gradually shifted their daily home ranges after several days. This shift suggests that the dams grazed farther afield as forage availability declined around the milking site. For better airag production and sustainable pasture use, our results provide insights useful for evaluating the effects of milking management on vegetation and soil in those pastures, for selecting the appropriate milking times and frequency, and for choosing the right timing to shift milking sites.