黄颡鱼红头病的组织病理研究

应用组织病理学的方法,对患有红头病的黄颡鱼(Pseudohagrus f ulvidrico)的各器官进行观察.结果表明各器官主要组织病理学变化有:鳃小片上皮细胞肿胀、增生、肥大;肾小管上皮细胞出现肿胀,局部肾小管出现玻璃样变,产重区域肾小管崩解坏死;局部区域肾小球的血管球肿胀、肾小球坏死;肾间质造血组织中有脓疡灶,其...     

黄鳝人工感染温和气单胞菌的组织病理学研究

对黄鳝(Monopterus albus)人工感染温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria)的临床症状和病理变化进行了观察。结果显示,感染后12~36h为死亡高峰期,其感染症状与自然发病的黄鳝相似。染病黄鳝的肝脏、肠道和肾脏的病理变化明显,肝细胞变性,肠绒毛脱落,肾小球结构消失并充满大量红细胞;感染后9~27h,肝细胞索排列紊乱,肝细胞肿大并空泡化;感染后3~30h,小肠绒毛脱落,固有层淋巴小结增生,粘膜下层、肌层、浆膜层红细胞增多;感染后3~21h,肾小管上皮细胞肿胀,严重颗粒变性,肾小球上皮细胞坏死;感染后21~30h,肌纤维细胞坏死,大量炎性细胞浸润。     

黄颡鱼“裂头病”的组织病理研究

应用组织病理学方法,对患"裂头病"黄颡鱼的肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、胃、肠道、脑进行观察。结果表明,各主要器官均有明显的组织病理学变化:肝中央静脉扩张,并有充血现象,肝细胞界限模糊不清,形状消失、变性,并发生肝实质组织溶解、消失。脾脏内有大量的含铁血黄素沉积。肾脏的实质细胞大量坏死,肾小球出现崩解、碎裂、溶解消失现象,近曲小管、远曲小管界限模糊,肾小管的上皮细胞肿胀,排列紊乱,管腔变窄、闭塞。胃上皮细胞排列紊乱,变性、坏死,胃黏膜大量脱落于胃腔中,胃腺细胞界限模糊、排列紊乱,胃腺管腔缩小,甚至消失。肠道上皮中有大量杯状细胞。脑组织出现弥散性出血,脑血管充血、出现大量的单核细胞。     

Mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium marinum in reared mullets: first evidence from Sardinia (Italy)

Mycobacterium marinum is a slow‐growing non‐tuberculous mycobacterium, and it is considered the most common aetiologic agent of mycobacteriosis in wild and cultured fish. The diagnosis is principally made by histology when positive Ziehl–Neelsen stain granulomas are detected. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of mycobacteriosis in extensively cultured Mugilidae of two lagoons (Cabras and San Teodoro) from Sardinia by the use of histology, microbiology, PCR and DNA sequencing. Nine of 106 mullets examined were affected by mycobacteriosis, and the spleen was the most affected organ. The histology detected higher rate (100%) of infection in spleen than the culture and PCR (75% and 62.5%, respectively). The sequencing of hsp65 gene identified M. marinum as the primary cause of mycobacteriosis in the mullets examined. Mullets affected by mycobacteriosis were mainly fished in the San Teodoro lagoon characterized by critical environmental conditions. Histology remains the most common method in detecting fish affected by mycobacteriosis, and PCR‐based methods are essential for species identification. Our finding are worthy of attention because mycobacteriosis caused by M. marinum in reared mullets was evidenced for the first time in Sardinia, suggesting that this disease may be underestimated also in other cultured fish species.     

鸭坦布苏病毒自然感染病例的诊断与病理学观察

为探究鸭坦布苏病毒(DTMUV)在贵州省鸭群的流行,对疑似DTMUV感染肉种鸭进行剖检,观察发病鸭内脏器官病变。取病鸭内脏组织进行RT-PCR检测确诊为DTMUV感染,将病料处理后接种BHK-21细胞,进行RT-PCR鉴定和透射电镜观察,确定分离到DTMUV,并将病料组织制作病理切片。结果显示,接种BHK-21出现明显CPE,电镜观察见病毒颗粒。将分离毒株的E基因经PCR扩增后测序,分析E基因氨基酸序列的同源性,发现所分离毒株与中国北京鸭源参考株同源性最高达99.39%,而与我国早期分离参考株(FX2010)同源性较低,将病料制作切片并进行HE染色,可见脑组织非化脓性脑炎,脾脏淋巴细胞减少,肝细胞变性坏死。本研究成功在贵州省分离到一株DTMUV,对其遗传进化进行分析,为探究贵州省养鸭地区DTMUV的感染和致病提供参考。     

Early stages of Margaritifera margaritifera glochidiosis in Atlantic salmon: Morphopathological characterization

Freshwater mussels of the order Unionida encyst into the fish mucosa to metamorphose and complete their life cycle, causing a parasitic disease known as glochidiosis. This parasitic stage represents a bottleneck for the survival of naiads, particularly for critically endangered species as Margaritifera margaritifera; however, little is known about the events occurring during this critical stage. Therefore, this study aimed to histologically characterize the development of M. margaritifera glochidiosis in Atlantic salmon to get insight into the pathogenesis of this interaction. Fish exposed to glochidia were sampled during the first 44 days post-exposure, and organs were observed by stereomicroscopy and light microscopy. Glochidia attached to the gills by pinching the lamellar epithelium, whereupon an acute proliferative branchitis engulfed most of the larvae. However, during the first 14 days, a severe detachment of unviable glochidia occurred, associated with the presence of pleomorphic inflammatory infiltrate and epithelial degeneration. In the cases where larvae remained attached, a chronification of the lesions with none to scarce inflammation was observed. These results provide key information to better understand the complex host–parasite interaction during the early stages of glochidiosis and provide valuable information to optimize artificial rearing of naiads in conservation of threatened freshwater mussel populations.     

Pathological effects of Cichlidogyrus philander Douëllou, 1993 (Monogenea,Ancyrocephalidae) on the gills of Pseudocrenilabrus philander (Weber, 1897) (Cichlidae)

Histopathological changes of Cichlidogyrus philander Douëllou, 1993 on the gills of Pseudocrenilabrus philander (Weber, 1897) were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Observations revealed that C. philander attaches to its host by alternating the prohaptor (for temporary attachment or feeding) or haptor (using haptoral parts for firm and secured attachment). The sharp terminal ends of the anchors are inserted basally into the gill lamella, between two adjacent secondary gill lamellae and the marginal hooklets assist by superficially penetrating, holding and lifting epithelial tissue in the proximal region of the secondary gill lamella. The attachment of C. philander resulted in compression, rupturing of the interlamellar epithelium, change in the organization of epithelial cells in both primary and secondary gill lamella, displacement of the extracellular cartilaginous matrix, occasional rupturing of blood vessels and erythrocytes and some cells becoming ill-defined. At the site of attachment, the host response comprises of hyperplasia, increase in the number of mucous cells and infiltration with neutrophils. It was concluded that the effect of C. philander is mild in natural conditions.     

Evaluation of dietary chitosan effects on growth performance,immunity, body composition and histopathology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as well as the resistance to Streptococcus agalactiae infection

The present investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary chitosan supplementation on growth performance, body composition, immune response and histopathology of Nile tilapia, and also the in vitro antibacterial activity of chitosan against Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae). About 180 fish (average body weight 39.3 ± 0.3 g) were randomly divided into three groups according to chitosan supplementation: control group (basal diet without chitosan), Ch3 group (3 g chitosan/kg diet) and Ch5 group (5 g chitosan/kg diet). Growth performance parameters and body proximate composition were measured before infection but biochemical parameters and lysozyme and antibacterial activities before and after experimental infection. Results of the present investigation showed dietary chitosan (5 g chitosan/kg diet) significantly (p < .05) improved growth performance parameters, body composition (dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, ash, and carbohydrate) and serum biochemistry (total protein, albumin, globulin, with no effect on AST, ALT, urea and creatinine) before infection in Ch5 group than the control. After infection, liver enzymes (serum AST and ALT) were maintained lower in fish fed Ch3 or Ch5 than the control. Serum lysozyme and bactericidal activities significantly increased (p < .05) in chitosan groups before and after the challenge. The mortality rate was markedly reduced in the Ch3 group and prohibited in the Ch5 group after the experimental infection. In conclusion, feeding 3 or 5 g chitosan/kg diet increased the growth rate and improved FCR of Nile tilapia. In addition, it reduced mortality by its antibacterial and immunostimulant effects.