乌鲁木齐市公园和广场道路铺装现状调查与研究

公园和广场道路的铺装作为与人的视线相接触最为频繁的界面,在景观设计中占有重要的地位。以乌鲁木齐市有代表性的公园和广场道路为研究对象,就道路铺装材料种类、颜色、图案及使用频率等内容进行调查和研究,结果表明:乌鲁木齐市公园和广场道路铺装已使用铺装材料共15大类,花岗岩使用频率占52.3%,居第一位,现浇混凝土居第二位,占10.8%,彩色透气透水砖居第三位,占8.5%;铺装颜色共有7大类,其中灰色类使用频率最高,为48.0%,其次是红色类,为43.0%,其它几类使用频率明显减少;铺装中有图案的占35.8%,几何形图案占总图案90%,而文字图案、动物图案并列第二,分别占4%,宗教类图案占2%,仅为几何类图案的1/45。同时,针对调查内容进行探讨,并提出相关建设建议。     

草坪在城市园林绿化中的作用及其发展研究

草坪在现代城市园林绿化中具有重要作用，如维持城市生态平衡、发展社会效益、美化环境等。本文在阐述草坪综合功能的同时，又从因地制宜地开发草坪资源，健全市场，应用新技术等方面就草坪业的发展进行了研讨。     

Economic potential of agroforestry for public recreational parks

The availability of public recreational facilities is being threatened by growing demands, limited supplies, and declining government funding. In response to these pressures, the economic potential of agroforestry for supplementing operating budgets of public recreational parks is examined in a case study park consisting of 324 hectares. Agroforestry enterprises native to the area were selected for development on 70 hectares of the site. Linear programming was used to determine the optimum combinations of 23 agroforestry regimes composed of the following activities: 1) conventional forestry planting, tree density of 1682 trees/hectare, 2) the selected agroforestry planting with hay, tree density of 1495 trees/hectare, 3) the selected agroforestry planting with grazing, 4) hay production, and 5) rental of pasture for grazing. The objective function of the study was to maximize the net present value of the study site subject to land, labor, capital, and minimum annual income constraints. The preferred optimal regime generated $1782 per hectare from an agroforestry planting configuration of 1495 trees/hectare with 75 percent hay, 25 percent grazing, and no annual income requirements. Minimum annual income requirements of $2400 and $4800 were feasible but suboptimal from a net present value criteria. The study found that agroforestry could be used to privatize selective activities of public recreational parks and thus enable public agencies to provide these facilities more effectively.     

Conservation costs: Nature‐based tourism as development at Cuc Phuong National Park,Vietnam

Abstract: Local communities are frequently displaced from areas selected for environmental protection. Development of nature‐based tourism, believed to be more environmentally benign than traditional agricultural systems, has been encouraged by governments and national park managers in the hope of providing alternative livelihoods for local people. This paper examines the extent to which indigenous peoples resettled from within one Vietnamese national park have engaged with the nascent tourism industry, thereby providing a perspective on the success of their resettlement, through the eyes of those communities affected. The perspectives of resettled peoples are contrasted with those of villagers who have continued to reside within the national park, using traditional means of survival, along with new initiatives designed to supplement their livelihoods and to reduce their dependence on national park resources for survival. Resettled villagers are unable to survive on agricultural activity alone, tourism has done little to provide an alternate livelihood and the park environment is still threatened by the use of park resources by resettled communities in their struggle to survive.     

基于SBE法的北京市郊野公园绿地结构质量评价技术

以北京市已建的郊野公园为研究对象,共收集46张一般绿地景观照片、50张建筑与小品和道路等人造硬质景观周边绿地景观照片、54张滨水植物景观照片和相关资料,采用景观美景度评判法对郊野公园这3种绿地类型进行景观评判,并利用多元数量化模型Ⅰ构建相应的美景度模型,对绿地结构的质量进行评价。结果表明:影响一般绿地结构主要因素为绿视率、郁闭度、植物色彩数量、植物色彩对比度、生活型构成和植物野趣程度;影响人造硬质景观周边绿地结构的主要因素为相对枝下高、总体协调性、栽植方式、枝叶密度和建筑物风格;影响滨水植物景观结构的主要因素为植被空间占有率、总体协调性、栽植方式和层片结构。根据景观美景度模型所反映的群众喜欢度,对郊野公园上述3种绿地的结构调整提出如下经营建议:1)对于一般绿地,应充分利用野生花草和乡土灌木,构建以乔灌草为主的林分结构,以增大绿地的绿视率,促进植被向近自然方向发展;结合密度调整,对现有绿地进行局部物种组成调整,充分利用不同色系植物营造出具有一定变化和对比度的景观;建议将郁闭度控制在0.6～0.8;加大大径级林木的培育力度,营造疏密有致的林下游憩空间;2)对于建筑、小品和道路等人造硬质景观周边绿地,可通过合理的植...     

中国森林公园旅游发展效率的比较与分析

借助数据包络分析方法(DEA),利用2003-2008年的数据,对我国森林公园发展效率进行研究,为我国森林公园旅游资源的优化配置和运行效率的提高提供参考依据.测算技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率以及Malmquist全要素生产率(TFP),比较中国31个省区间和东、中、西三大区域间的效率及TFP增长率.结果显示:省区间比较,上海、浙江等地区的效率最高,贵州、山西等地区的TFP增长率最高;三大区域间比较,东部地区的效率最高,中部地区的TFP增长率最大,西部地区的效率和TFP增长率都最低.最后,从要素投入、旅游吸引力、地方经济发展水平等几个方面对影响效率大小及其差异的原因进行理论上的探讨,提出继续加大对中西部地区资金扶持、对森林公园进行技术指导和人员培训等提高效率的对策.     

Distribution, abundance and conservation status of dugongs and dolphins in the southern and western Arabian Gulf

The marine mammals of Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) were censussed by three strip-transect aerial surveys. The Arabian Gulf supports a population of ca. 5800 dugongs (Dugong dugon), which is the largest known outside Australia. The most important habitats occur (1) around Murawah Island (UAE), (2) between Qatar and Bahrain and (3) between Qatar and the UAE. Surveys of the UAE were repeated 13 years apart. The two estimates of the dugong population were not significantly different, suggesting a stable population of ca. 3000 between 1986 and 1999. In the region between Kuwait and Oman, the Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) is the most common cetacean (71% of groups and individuals), followed by the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis; 27%) and finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides; 2%). The estimates of cetacean abundance in the UAE differed significantly between 1986 and 1999 and indicate a population decline of 71%. At least two die-offs of marine mammals occurred between these surveys. The countries of the southern Gulf are developed and affluent and are well positioned to take a lead in marine conservation in the region. A coordinated series of protected areas could greatly enhance the long-term prospects for marine mammals and other components of biodiversity in the region.     

杨凌示范区农业技术推广模式分析与优化途径

总结了当代农业推广模式及其发展趋势,分析了杨凌示范区典型农技推广模式的运行机制、特点、绩效及模式运行中存在的主要问题,进而提出杨凌示范区农技推广模式整合优化的途径。     

公园植物管护的措施探讨

公园作为城市公共绿地的主要类型之一,是政府公共事业的组成部分。在公园的日常管理中,植物管护是必不可少的一项。文章从中耕、除草、施肥和病虫害防治等方面介绍了公园植物的科学管护措施,以期为园林绿化树种的管理提供参考。