毛竹林出笋与幼竹生长发育规律的研究

本文以江苏宜兴林场、江西宜丰花桥林场以及南京林业大学下蜀实习林场等试验地内毛竹林出笋与幼竹生长资料和从江苏宜兴气象站抄录整理而成的1976～1986年中每年的11个气象资料为原始材料,定量地对毛竹林出笋及幼竹的生长发育的内在规律性及其与气象因子之间的关系进行了系统的研究。回归分析表明,影响翌年竹林出笋及幼竹生长发育的6个主导气象因子是7、8、9三个月的平均温度、年平均温度、年降水量、温暖指数、日均温≥10℃积温和7、8、9三个月的平均降水量。借助于有序样本聚类分析方法,将竹林整个出笋期划分为三个时期即出笋初期、出笋盛期和出笋末期。最佳拟合求算表明,毛竹幼竹高生长用单分子生长式来拟合精度较高。通过对正态累积函数和概率单位之间关系的研究可知,毛竹高生长在竹笋出土后21天左右进入速生期,竹笋出土后30天左右达高生长高峰期,竹笋出土后38天左右达高生长速生末期。本文还就如何根据幼竹的生长发育规律,采用相应的营林措施来培育速生丰产林等有关问题进行了探讨。     

嫩江沙地樟子松人工林各测树因子数量关系的研究

在对嫩江沙地樟子松人工林生物量调查的基础上,采用回归分析的方法模拟了林龄与胸径、树高和生物量之间以及胸径、生物量与树高之间的数量关系,建立了樟子松林分各器官生物量回归方程,结果表明:林龄与胸径、树高和生物量相关紧密;采用W=aebD模型,地上生物量、树干、树枝、树根的回归方程的相关系数都达到了极显著水平,平均拟合率都大于70%。     

长序榆苗木生长规律的研究

本文以长序榆种子育苗为对象,研究苗木年生长规律。采用有序样本聚类分析法划分苗木的生长时期,拟合了高、径生长的logistic方程,找出苗木高、径及主根生长的最优回归方程,了解苗木各部分生长的相关关系。多元回归分析表明;气温是影响苗木生长的主导因子。     

Thermogenetic curves and thermokinetics of seed germination ofRobinia pseudoacaia

Seed germination process has closely relation with material transformation and energy exchange within the seed. Study on its thermal effect is important for understanding the mechanism and the influencing factors of the seed germination. The thermogenetic curves of seed germination ofRobinia pseudoacacia was measured by a new-type conductive microcalorimeter made in Wuhan University. The relationship was analyzed between the germination thermogenetic regulation and seed germination physiology. The thermogentic curves were further analyzed by thermokinetic theory to obtain the dynamic parameters and the thermokinetic model on seed germination ofRobinia pseudoacacia. The relationship of the thermogenetic power (μ w) and the germination time(h) of the germination process of 20 grainsRobinia pseudocacia seeds at 25°C wasP=208.77/[0.1937+0.8063exp(−0.06563t)] Foundation item: This project is supported by National Nature Science Foundation (30070200). Biography: Hu Yun-chu (1960-), male, associated Prof. in Central South Forestry University, Zhuzhou 412006, Hunan, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

赤霉素及多效唑对3种草本花卉花期与株高的影响

采用不同质量浓度的赤霉素与多效唑对3种草本花卉金盏花、雏菊及三色堇的全株进行了喷施处理,分析了其对3种花卉开花起始时间、花期持续时间及株高的影响,主要研究结论是:(1)合适质量浓度的赤霉素喷施具有促使金盏花、雏菊及三色堇提前开花、缩短花期与增加株高的作用,而合适质量浓度的多效唑喷施正好相反,其具有推迟开花、延长花期与减小株高的作用;(2)在一定的范围内赤霉素的质量浓度与3种花卉花期的长短呈显著或极显著的负相关(p<0.05或p<0.01),而多效唑的质量浓度与3种花卉的花期呈正相关,其中三色堇的花期天数与多效唑质量浓度间的相关程度达极显著水平(p<0.01);(3)100 m g/L的赤霉素喷施可使金盏花、雏菊及三色堇分别提前18.0 d、11.0 d和12.4 d开花,并使其花期持续时间分别缩短3.7%、11.0%和18.3%,结实期株高分别增加86.6%、37.0%和101.6%;(4)100 m g/L的多效唑喷施可使金盏花、雏菊及三色堇分别推迟19.7 d、12.0 d和18.4 d开花,并使其花期持续时间分别延长11.0%、38.4%和31.1%,结实期株高分别减小39.4%、53.3%和41.6%.     

不同种源及家系山桂花3年生人工幼林林木的高、径生长效应

对所营建的4个地理种源及其99个家系山桂花人工幼林(3年生)林木树高和胸径生长量的测定与分析结果表明:其山桂花人工幼林在种源及其家系间林木的树高和胸径生长差异显著,其中以普文种源生长为最好,3年生山桂花人工林林木的树高达2.3 m,胸径为1.8 cm。而3年生山桂花人工林林木的树高生长以19号家系表现最优,林木胸径生长以28号家系表现最优。综合表现最佳的家系有1、2、3、4、7、8、10、11、12、15、18、19、20、21、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、36、46、47、71,共27个。     

Development and variation of wood density, kraft pulp yield and fibre dimensions in young Norway spruce (Picea abies)

Important wood, pulp and fibre properties were investigated on small wood samples from two Rumanian, one German and one Norwegian provenance of Norway spruce (Picea abies) grown in Sørkedalen, Norway. Several samples were collected from inside each single tree, both in radial and transversal direction in the stem. Data were collected from a total of 59 trees, each 28 years of age. All investigated properties showed close relationship to ring number (RN) (cambium age). For basic density and fibre wall thickness (FWT), a fast decline was first observed when moving from pith to bark and a minimum value was found around RN 5–8. The declining trend was then followed by an increase. Kraft pulp yield, fibre length and fibre width (FW) also increased with RN, but the increase was most pronounced close to the pith. The pulp yield (PY) more or less stabilised outside of RN 5–6. FW showed a decrease outside of RN 10–12, but this was probably due to the remarkable simultaneous drop in ring width for the investigated trees. FW decreased, while basic density and fibre length increased with increasing height in the tree. PY and FWT were not affected by height in tree. Diameter at breast height (DBH) was the most important variable indicating differences between trees in the investigated material. Basic density, fibre length and FWT decreased, while FW increased with increasing DBH. Height to crown had a positive effect on basic density, but had no influence on any of the remaining properties. Differences between provenances were found for basic density, fibre length and FW. The analyses showed that it is possible to describe the variation inside and between trees satisfactorily for a range of important wood and fibre properties.     

Performance of height-classified Eucalyptus camaldulensis seedlings after one year in the field

Eucalyptus camaldulensis seedlings of 16–25, 26–35, 36–45 and 46–55cm height classes were used to examine the effect of planting stock quality on field performance. Survival, height and diameter (10cm above ground) were assessed 6 and 12 months after planting out. Significant height differences (P 0.05) existed between the 16–25 and 46–55cm height classes at 6 months age. There were no significant (P 0.05) differences in all these parameters at 12 months after planting out throughout the four height classes. It is concluded that the height classification approach for E. camaldulensis seedlings has very little value if the seedlings are in the 16–55cm height range. Until other nursery stock grading approaches are studied, 16–25cm seedling height class is as effective as the taller ones and would therefore be more economical for dry zone afforestation in Malawi.     

数控曲线往复锯的总体设计研究

介绍了数控曲线往复锯的总体设计方案和进给方案,并对数控曲线锯切加工工艺进行了分析,推导出加工曲线曲率半径满足的条件。