一元材积表与一元出材率表的相关性分析——以福建省永安市尾叶桉为例

以福建省永安市尾叶桉一元材积表和一元材种出材率表为例,运用相关分析与曲线回归分析方法定量研究两数表中各径阶材积和总出材率之间的关系。研究结果表明:各径阶材积与出材率呈明显正相关关系,回归方程为y=e4.429-0.004/v,相关指数为0.997;永安市尾叶桉随着材积的增大,其出材率趋于84%。明确各径阶材积与出材率之间的关系,既可简化编表工作的人力、物力,为其他数表关系的研究提供参考,也可为完善林业数表体系提供依据。     

用于某种电动客车的铝合金榫卯节点疲劳性能研究

针对铝合金电动中巴客车行驶环境中榫卯结构的疲劳强度问题,以铝合金榫卯节点为研究对象开展三点弯曲疲劳试验,研究铝合金榫卯节点疲劳性能。研究结果表明,榫卯节点裂纹萌生寿命位于总寿命的10%~20%区间。根据寿命曲线预估,每降低一个载荷等级,榫卯节点疲劳寿命约是前一载荷等级的2倍。疲劳破坏先是卯梁上翼缘受到挤压开始萌生裂纹,接着节点周围焊缝处产生新的裂纹,随着变形量增大,样件最后断裂失稳。     

OsYABBY4基因调控水稻株高的功能研究

株高是影响水稻产量、光合速率、抗倒性的重要农艺性状,赤霉素对株高形成具有重要调控作用。YABBY家族基因作为植物特有的转录因子,参与GA信号途径,调控水稻株高。通过CRISPR/Cas9技术定向突变了OsYABBY4基因,成功创制了3种不同突变类型的osyabby4突变体。表型分析发现,osyabby4突变体结实率下降,倒1和倒2节间的伸长受到抑制,导致株高显著降低。α-淀粉酶诱导及赤霉素相关基因差异表达实验表明,OsYABBY4通过参与GA信号转导调控水稻的株高。本研究为水稻理想株型育种提供了新材料,同时进一步完善了水稻株高分子调控网络。     

浅谈径级择伐

针对当前林业采伐方式设计存在的弊端,提出了新的采伐方式。它克服了以前各种方式存在的不利因素,形成一种综合而又简便可行的径级择伐,具有很多优点,适合当前林业生产的需要。     

Effect of Rht Alleles on the Tolerance of Wheat Grain Set to High Temperature and Drought Stress During Booting and Anthesis

Factorial pot experiments were conducted to compare the responses of GA‐sensitive and GA‐insensitive reduced height (Rht) alleles in wheat for susceptibility to heat and drought stress during booting and anthesis. Grain set (grains/spikelet) of near‐isogenic lines (NILs) was assessed following three day transfers to controlled environments imposing day temperatures (t) from 20 to 40 °C. Transfers were during booting and/or anthesis and pots maintained at field capacity (FC) or had water withheld. Logistic responses (y = c/1+e^{‐b(t ‐m)}) described declining grain set with increasing t, and t₅ was that fitted to give a 5 % reduction in grain set. Averaged over NIL, t₅ for anthesis at FC was 31.7 ± 0.47 °C (S.E.M., 26 d.f.). Drought at anthesis reduced t₅ by <2 °C. Maintaining FC at booting conferred considerable resistance to high temperatures (t₅ = 33.9 °C) but booting was particularly heat susceptible without water (t₅ = 26.5 °C). In one background (cv. Mercia), for NILs varying at the Rht‐D1 locus, there was progressive reduction in t₅ with dwarfing and reduced gibberellic acid (GA) sensitivity (Rht‐D1a, tall, 32.7 ± 0.72; Rht‐D1b, semi‐dwarf, 29.5 ± 0.85; Rht‐D1c, severe dwarf, 24.2 ± 0.72). This trend was not evident for the Rht‐B1 locus or for Rht‐D1b in an alternative background (Maris Widgeon). The GA‐sensitive severe dwarf Rht12 was more heat tolerant (t₅ = 29.4 ± 0.72) than the similarly statured GA‐insensitive Rht‐D1c. The GA‐sensitive, semidwarfing Rht8 conferred greater drought tolerance in one experiment. Despite the effects of Rht‐D1 alleles in Mercia on stress tolerance, the inconsistency of the effects over background and locus led to the conclusion that semidwarfing with GA‐insensitivity did not necessarily increase sensitivity to stress at booting and flowering. In comparison with effects of semidwarfing alleles, responses to heat stress are much more dramatically affected by water availability and the precise growth stage at which the stress is experienced by the plants.     

Effects of Mild and Severe Drought Stress on Photosynthetic Efficiency in Tolerant and Susceptible Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes

Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic factors which adversely affect growth, metabolism and yield of crops worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of drought stress on photosynthesis in barley and examine the differential responses of photosynthetic apparatus in relatively tolerant (Yousof) and susceptible (Morocco) barley genotypes. Plants were subjected to different levels of soil water availability including control, mild and severe drought stress. In both genotypes, drought stress led to decrease in chlorophylls, β‐carotene and stomatal conductance accompanied by decrease in CO₂ assimilation rate. Significant increase in α‐tochoperol content was only observed in Yousof cultivar under drought stress. Initial slope and plateau phase of CO₂ response curve of drought‐stressed plants as well as polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence transient curve (OJIP test) and fast fluorescence induction kinetics were influenced by drought stress. These parameters were more affected in Morocco cultivar by drought stress compare with Yousof. Drought stress also resulted in reduction of D1 protein content in both genotypes and accelerated photoinhibition process. Based on our results, stomatal conductance is the main factor limiting photosynthesis in Yousof genotype under mild drought stress. However, in Morocco, in addition to stomatal limitation, damage to photosystem II (PSII), reduced electron transport and carboxylation efficiencies were important parts of limitation in photosynthesis. Severe drought stress resulted in structural and biochemical impairment of light‐dependent reactions as well as carboxylation process of photosynthesis in both genotypes. Alpha‐tocopherol showed an important protective role against drought stress in Yousof cultivar as a relatively drought‐tolerant cultivar.     

三种杂交仔鹅的生长曲线拟合及在选配中的应用

运用Logistic、Gompertz和Bertallanffy 3种非线性模型对莱扬莱扬白鹅(LYLYB,莱扬白鹅与莱扬白鹅杂交后代)、莱扬白鹅(LYB,莱茵鹅与扬州鹅的杂交后代)、莱莱扬白鹅(LLYB,莱茵鹅与莱扬白鹅杂交后代)3种杂交后代的体重和体尺进行生长曲线拟合与比较分析。结果表明,3种杂交仔鹅3种模型的拟合度均高达0.99以上,都能很好地拟合仔鹅生长过程,以Logistic模型拟合度最高,根据实际饲养资料确定Logistic模型是拟合仔鹅生长的最优模型;以此模型估计3种杂交仔鹅体重和体尺的最大值发现,莱莱扬白鹅的生长速度最快,体重和体尺的增长均快于莱扬莱扬白鹅、莱扬白鹅。     

影响春小麦株高自交后代遗传变异的因素Ⅱ——基因型概率

在加性遗传模式和符合孟德尔定律（符合分离定律和独立分配定律,没有连锁遗传和基因互作）的条件下,推导集团混种群体自交后代的遗传变异大小：随着自交代数的增加,基因型概率发生改变,遗传方差增加.采用单个样本平均数的假设测验分析两两自交后代间遗传方差：25%自交后代间遗传方差符合自交后代的遗传方差受基因型概率改变影响的假设;75%自交后代间遗传方差不符合自交后代的遗传方差受基因型概率改变影响的假设.采用单个样本平均数的假设测验分析两两自交后代间遗传方差保持不变的假设：50%自交后代符合自交各代间遗传变异保持不变的假设;50%自交后代不符合自交后代的遗传变异保持不变的假设.集团混种群体自交后代的遗传变异大小,除了受到遗传距离保持不变和基因型概率改变的影响以外,还受到其他因素的影响.     

Optimization of the contour ridge system for controlling nitrogen and phosphorus losses under seepage condition

Contour ridging can enhance the occurrence of deep seepage because more rainwater concentrates in the low areas along furrows when soil is saturated. Greater seepage could significantly increase nonpoint source pollution. To optimize the contour ridge system to effectively control nutrient losses under seepage condition, 23 treatments with three variables (row grade, field slope and ridge height) in five levels were arranged in a quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design. Results showed that field slope and interactions between the three factors did not significantly influence NO₃‐N and PO₄‐P losses. The dominant factor that controlled NO₃‐N loss was ridge height, followed by row grade. The smallest NO₃‐N loss was obtained at a ridge height of 8.72 cm and a row grade of 7.05°. The dominant factor that controlled PO₄‐P loss was ridge height. The optimal ridge height for efficiently controlling PO₄‐P loss was 9.79 cm. For simultaneously maximally controlling NO₃‐N and PO₄‐P losses, a ridge height of 9.26 cm, a row grade of 7.05° and a field slope of 5° were optimum. This study provides guidance for implementing the contour ridge system.     

不同处理方法对野生马蔺种子出苗的影响

采用4种方法处理马蔺种子,结果表明：层积＋药剂处理、层积处理、浸种＋药剂均可以明显提高马蔺种子的出苗率,但以层积＋药剂处理的出苗率最好。层积＋药剂处理可以明显提高马蔺植株的苗高,层积处理、直接浸种＋药剂处理没有提高马蔺植株的苗高的作用。层积＋药剂处理可以作为野生马蔺种子处理的首选。