Narbon Vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.): A Potential Feed Legume Crop for Dry Areas in West Asia

Provision of feed supplies for the rapidly growing livestock population is essential in West Asia. Shortages can be alleviated by growing forage crops in the existing fallow lands.
Narbon vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) is a leguminous species with high yield potential, drought tolerance and cold resistance. It could be used for grain and straw production as source for animal feed in dry areas. It is good source of protein with seeds contain 28 % protein yielding 364 kg per hectare protein, whilst straw contains 9 % protein and yields a similar amounts of digestible protein per hectare.
Nine promising lines of Narbon vetch developed at ICARDA were tested at two sites over four years under rainfed conditions. Since climatic conditions were considered to be of considerable importance, each site in each year was treated as a separate environment to give eight environments with annual rainfall varied from 195 to 504 mm.
Narbon vetch possessed high seedling vigour with rapid winter growth and negligible cold damage. Grain yield varied form 0.47 to 1.90 t/ha, with a harvest index varying from 30 to 40 %. The data indicated that below 300 mm rainfall the grain yield varied from 0.47 t/ha when rain fall was 195 mm to 1.4 t/ha when rainfall was 245 mm. Most of the lines had wide adaptation to dry areas in terms of both grain yield and stability. Climate, except early spring rains had little effect on biological and grain yields.     

基于分期播种试验夏玉米延迟收获促进子粒灌浆和粒重增益效应

基于2019-2022年夏玉米播期试验资料,分析夏玉米生理成熟后延迟收获对子粒农艺性状改善、增产效应。结果表明,早播10 d至晚播20 d处理的有效灌浆结束日均比生理成熟期延后,子粒有效灌浆持续日数依次比其花后10 d至生理成熟期日数延长28～9 d,播期每推迟10 d延长日数减少6.3 d。子粒农艺性状有明显的改善,百粒重、穗粒重提高,子粒增产效应明显,理论产量增产率16.95%～7.66%,增产量1 960.36～681.51 kg/hm²,对照增产最多,比晚播10、20 d增产粮食多2.4～2.9倍。为华北地区提高气候资源利用效率和粮食生产提质增效提供参考。     

Assessment of stakeholder perceptions of the damage to silo bags by vertebrate species in Argentina

We conducted an on-line questionnaire to assess stakeholder perceptions about damage to silo bags by vertebrate species in Argentina. We received 190 responses reporting damage to silo bags by vertebrates from the Pampas, Espinal, and Chaco regions. More than two-thirds of respondents indicated armadillos were the main harmful species, followed by rodents and dogs. Frequency of damage to silo bags was higher for armadillos (79%) than for the other species together (64%), and was higher in the Pampas (79%) than in the other regions (45–66%), suggesting a latitudinal gradient of damage. Economic losses were reported as “medium” or “high” by 37% of respondents. According to these stakeholders, damage to silo bags by vertebrates is a regionally extended phenomenon in most of the Argentine agricultural region and it is recognized as economically relevant by these stakeholders. Management of this conflict should focus on environmental aspects.     

不同采毛方式对长毛兔血清蛋白及含氮代谢物水平的影响

文章分析了3种方式（剪毛、直接拔毛和药物拔毛）对皖系长毛兔采毛前、采毛后0、4、8、24、48 h血清蛋白及含氮代谢物变化规律的影响.结果发现：3种采毛方式均显著上调血清总蛋白和肌酐水平,而血清白蛋白仅受药物拔毛影响而显著上调;药物拔毛显著上调血清总胆红素和直接胆红素水平,同时直接胆红素还受其他两种采毛方式影响而显著下调;两种拔毛方式（直接拔毛和药物拔毛）显著上调血清尿素和尿酸水平,但剪毛对这两个指标没有影响.长毛兔在采毛后48 h内,多数血清指标可恢复到采毛前水平,或呈恢复趋势;该研究筛选获得采毛应激指标血清总蛋白和肌酐,拔毛应激指标尿素和尿酸,同时发现肌酐、白蛋白和胆红素受地塞米松的显著影响.该研究结果可为初步揭示不同采毛方式应激生化机制提供参考.     

不同收获期青贮玉米品种农艺性状和生物学产量的研究

[目的] 研究不同收获期对2种玉米农艺性状和生物学产量的影响,选择适宜在内蒙古乌兰察布市凉城县制作青贮饲料的玉米品种以及最佳收获期。[方法] 以全株青贮玉米吉东81和粮用玉米甘优702为试验材料,试验期为2019年9月5日至10月5日,设11个收获日期,分析不同收获日期2种玉米株高以及各部位鲜物质产量、干物质含量和干物质产量的变化。[结果] 2种玉米株高随着收获期的延长呈先增加后平稳趋势,9月17日吉东81和甘优702的株高最高,分别为3.51 m和2.94 m,试验期间吉东81的平均株高显著（P<0.05）高于甘优702。2种玉米茎叶、秆、果穗和整株鲜物质产量呈先上升后下降趋势,干物质含量呈递增趋势,干物质产量呈先上升后平稳趋势。2种玉米整株平均鲜物质产量差异不显著（P>0.05）,吉东81的整株平均干物质含量和干物质产量显著（P<0.05）低于甘优702。[结论] 全株青贮玉米品种吉东81最佳收获期为9月23—26日,粮用玉米品种甘优702最佳收获期为9月17—20日,且在相同种植条件下全株青贮玉米品种吉东81更适合在内蒙古乌兰察布市凉城县推广。     

‘金艳’猕猴桃果实生长规律及不同采收期对其品质的影响

以‘金艳’猕猴桃为材料,研究其果实生长动态规律及不同采收期(谢花后153 d、168 d、183 d和198 d)(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ)的软果品质。结果表明：金艳猕猴桃在凉山州西昌市一般4月中旬进入盛花期;在生育期内,果实尺寸(纵、横径)呈前期逐渐增大,后期趋于平稳的变化,谢花后59 d内为果实快速膨大期,谢花后101 d进入生长缓滞期;随采收期延迟,果实软熟时可溶性固形物、干物质和糖酸比呈逐渐升高的趋势;早期采收(Ⅰ、Ⅱ)果实软熟时可溶性固形物、干物质、糖酸比和总氨基酸偏低,淀粉和粗纤维较高;晚期采收(Ⅲ、Ⅳ期)果实软熟时可溶性固形物、干物质、糖酸比较高,淀粉和粗纤维较低,风味更浓,口感更佳;Ⅳ期维生素C和总氨基酸含量最高,但采收较晚不利于当年鲜果销售;若作为鲜果,其最佳采收期为Ⅲ期,Ⅱ期和Ⅳ期可作为备选采收期;作为保健品加工原料,最佳采收期为Ⅳ期。     

河西地区连翘栽培技术研究

通过对连翘形态特征、生活习性的观测以及对其进行无性和有性繁殖试验,总结出了一套适于该物种引种栽培的种植技术、整形修剪的田间管理技术和种子的采收加工技术。     

Optimal harvesting of farmed Atlantic salmon at two cohort management strategies and different harvest operation restrictions

Abstract

The main harvest planning problem in commercial fish farms is to determine the best time‐sequence of harvesting different fish cohorts in order to maximize the overall farm profit. Due to both annual and fish‐size variations in market prices, future forecasts of fish growth and size distribution are required to optimize harvest plans. Two management strategies for harvesting size‐structured fish cohorts are considered. The first strategy allows the fish farmer, at any time, to size‐grade, harvest and sell the most profitable fish sizes from the standing stock. The second strategy allows the fish farmer to harvest and sell a fish batch with similar size distribution as that of the standing stock. In this paper, two size‐structured fish growth models have been built to fit the two management strategies. The growth models are integrated in a multiperiod linear programming model that optimizes the harvest outputs for each of the two management strategies. Model outputs demonstrate clearly that it is more profitable to size‐grade fish prior to harvest compared to harvesting a batch of fish with similar size distribution to that of the standing stock. Five different harvest operations constraints have been identified for commercial salmon farming. The decrease in profitability of fish farming is shown for a variety of harvest operation constraints.     

野生高乌头开花习性及种子灌浆特性研究

利用甘肃永登县野生高乌头植株为研究材料,标记初花期一致的植株,每天测定单株开花数和蓇葖果数,并每隔3 d测定蓇葖果种子数、粒重和体积,对其开花结果动态和种子灌浆特性系统研究,旨在揭示其开花结果习性及其种子灌浆规律,为探寻高乌头种子发育规律及适宜采收期提供科学依据。结果表明,野生高乌头植株主花序花蕾自下而上依次开放。单花开放后第3天形成蓇葖果,第15天种子成形,并开始脱水形成干物质积累。单株开花数等于蓇葖果数,基本不落花,但仅主花序中部及以下部位蓇葖果具成熟种子。在种子整个灌浆过程中,百粒鲜重和干重的变化动态均呈“S”型曲线,符合Logistic方程。籽粒鲜重快增期在花后7～21 d,最大增长速率出现在花后14 d,在花后27 d达到最大,而干物质积累快增期在花后16～30 d,最大积累速率出现在花后23 d。开花36 d后蓇葖果脱落,种子灌浆和株上脱水中断,导致种子含水量达50%以上,采收后种子在快速脱水过程中可能形成深休眠特性,说明高乌头种子适宜采收期为开花后第36天左右(8月中下旬),蓇葖果尚未开裂时及时分批采收为宜。     

播/收期对冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟模式周年 气候资源分配与利用特征的影响

【目的】优化冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟模式周年气候资源配置,探索两季最佳的资源搭配模式,进一步挖掘当前气候和生产条件下黄淮海地区周年产量潜力和资源利用效率。【方法】本研究通过10月上旬至12月上旬设置冬小麦不同播期和夏玉米不同收获期,建立了5种冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟模式周年气候资源分配方式,于2015—2017年在中国农业科学院河南新乡试验站进行田间试验,对其产量、光温水等气候资源分配及利用特征进行研究。【结果】随冬小麦播期及夏玉米收获期推迟,两作物生长季光温水资源分配比例分别由处理Ⅰ的46%﹕54%、60%﹕40%、42%﹕58%调整至处理V的34%﹕66%、49%﹕51%、34%﹕66%范围内,小麦季生长天数及其分配的光温水资源量逐渐减少,将更多的资源分配到玉米季,从而导致小麦产量降低,但由于处理V的ZM66小麦品种维持了较高的穗数和穗粒数,因此与处理Ⅰ比产量降低不显著。然而,处理V玉米季生理生长时间较处理Ⅰ延长约15 d,2016和2017年光温水资源分配量分别增加143.8和120.7 MJ·m^-2、290.5和281.6℃、12.4和25.7 mm,粒重分别增加13.1%和15.5%,周年产量两年分别提高7.9%和6.7%;籽粒脱水时间增加约45d,光温水资源分配量两年分别增加322.5和336.3 MJ·m^-2、509.6和497.8℃、56.7和14.1mm,籽粒含水量降至14.4%—17.3%,达到机械直接收获标准。同时,由于处理V小麦季光温水资源分配量显著降低,特别是减少底墒水和越冬水灌溉约150mm,2016和2017年其光能、温度和水分生产效率较处理Ⅰ分别提高12.5%和15.8%、10.9%和7.7%、39.6%和59.3%,玉米季虽然光能、温度生产效率有所降低,但水分生产效率显著提高,因此周年光能、温度和水分生产效率两年分别提高7.3%和9.1%、5.6%和5.1%、17.3%和29.3%。【结论】在不增加任何投入的前提下通过播/收期的调整（小麦12月上旬播种,玉米11月中旬收获）优化冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟模式周年气候资源配置,可进一步提升其周年产量和光温水资源利用效率,对于促进黄淮海冬小麦-夏玉米种植模式可持续发展具有重要意义。