贵州茶树种质资源遗传多样性、群体结构和遗传分化研究

以144份贵州茶树种质资源为材料,采用68个EST-SSR标记探究其遗传多样性、群体结构及遗传分化。结果表明,144份茶树种质资源按海拔范围及种都可以分为3类,Gro1代表海拔1 500 m以上的大厂茶群体,Gro2代表海拔范围1 000~1 300 m的茶群体,Gro3代表海拔不明显、种不明显的群体。144份茶树种质资源按种、地区、海拔进行遗传多样性分析发现,群体分化系数(Gst)分别为0.079 7、0.067 7、0.047 0,基因流(Nm)分别为5.774 1、6.885 2、10.134 8,表明遗传变异存在于群体内部个体间,不同群体间存在较强的基因交流。海拔差距越大,遗传距离越远,说明了海拔对于贵州野生茶树种质资源的分类有重要的影响,为更进一步探明贵州茶树种质资源的演化和分布规律奠定基础。     

基于深度残差网络的麦穗回归计数方法

单位面积的穗数是估算小麦产量的重要指标,针对传统麦穗计数方法效率低、主观性高等问题,将基于深度残差网络的密度回归模型引入麦穗的计数领域,建立原始图片与密度图的对应关系,以密度图像素值总和确定图像中麦穗数量。对ResNet34网络进行改进,提出了ResNet-16模型,实现端对端的麦穗计数。针对ResNet34网络复杂度高的特点,ResNet-16增加了残差块的宽度,减少了ResNet34网络的深度;为了避免真值密度图的精度误差以及梯度下降过快,引入了矫正因子δ和膨胀因子K。结果表明:改进后的ResNet-16模型能够取得更好的预测精度,平均绝对误差为2.50,均方根误差为3.27,相关系数R~2为0.973,计数准确率达到94%,较MCNN计数模型精度提高了6%,可以实现高效、快速的麦穗计数。利用基于深度残差网络的回归计数模型为麦穗计数提供了一种新的计数方式。     

青海高寒山区种植密度对青麦10号春小麦群体性状及产量的影响*

目的：经过1-2年的试验,掌握春小麦新品种青麦10号在青海春麦主产区适宜的种植密度。方法：利用方差分析和相关分析获得种植密度对青麦10号的产量及产量构成因素影响的关系。结论：种植密度对青麦10号各农艺性状的影响差异显著,综合各群体性状指标,中密度处理可获得较好产量,本研究为青麦10号的推广提供理论依据。     

种植密度对转Bt棉纤维杀虫蛋白表达量及氮代谢的影响

为了探讨种植密度对转基因抗虫棉纤维中杀虫(Bt)蛋白表达量的影响及其氮代谢机制,以Bt棉常规种泗抗1号和Bt棉杂交种泗抗3号为试验材料,比较1.5×10⁴、3.0×10⁴、4.5×10⁴、6.0×10⁴、7.5×10⁴ 株·hm^-2五个种植密度下转Bt棉杀虫蛋白表达量及其氮代谢的差异。结果表明,纤维中Bt蛋白表达量随种植密度增大呈上升趋势。相关分析表明,单株铃数、单铃体积、单铃干重与Bt蛋白表达量均呈显著负相关。纤维中氮代谢生理相关指标中,可溶性蛋白含量及谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT)和谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶(GOT)活性随种植密度的增大而升高,但游离氨基酸含量、蛋白酶和肽酶活性随密度增大而下降。纤维中Bt蛋白表达量与可溶性蛋白含量、GPT和GOT活性呈显著正相关,而与游离氨基酸含量、蛋白酶和肽酶活性呈显著负相关。可见,提高种植密度降低了棉铃生长,但提高了纤维中Bt蛋白的表达量,且Bt蛋白表达量的提高与植株氮代谢生理密切相关。因此,在生产中通过协调种植密度既可以保持棉铃适度发育,又有利于提高棉纤维中Bt蛋白的表达量,为提高Bt棉产量器官抗虫性提供栽培基础。     

种植密度对南疆机采棉群体农艺特征和产量的影响

在新疆南疆地区自然生态条件下,以中棉所88号为试验材料,采用单因素随机区组试验设计,设置6个种植密度（P1：9万株·hm^-2,P2：12万株·hm^-2,P3：15万株·hm^-2,P4：18万株·hm^-2、P5：21万株·hm^-2,P6：24万株·hm^-2）,研究了一膜六行机采棉模式下棉花株高、主茎日增长量、茎粗、节枝比、叶面积指数（leaf area index,LAI）、冠层开度、叶倾角和产量对种植密度的响应。结果表明：增大密度显著降低了棉花的株高、茎粗、单株叶面积、冠层开度及节枝比（P<0.05）;主茎日增量在初花期以前为密度越大其越高,初花期后则反之;各处理LAI均在盛铃前期达到峰值,以P4处理最高为4.74;叶倾角则随密度增大而增大,各处理在30.0°～46.9°浮动;籽棉及皮棉产量均在P5处理达到最高,分别为6 272.79 kg·hm^-2和2 874.82 kg·hm-²但其与P3、P4处理均无显著差异。综上得出,在一膜六行机采模式下,南疆棉花的种植密度在15万～18万株·hm^-2范围内,棉花株型及冠层结构良好,产量较高。     

Nursery rearing of kalbasu, Labeo calbasu (Hamilton), at different stocking densities in outdoor concrete tanks

The growth and survival of kalbasu, Labeo calbasu, was evaluated at stocking densities of 5, 10 and 15 million spawn ha⁻¹ in nursery rearing in concrete tanks of 50 m², each for a period of 25 days. Survival of fry was density dependent and significantly higher (54.5%) at 5 million ha⁻¹ than those at 10 million ha⁻¹ (50.1%) and 15 million ha⁻¹ (46.9%). Similarly, growth and specific growth rate were inversely related to the stocking density and varied significantly among the three densities.     

Stocking strategies

Abstract  Stocking, transfer and introduction of fish are commonly used to mitigate loss of stocks, enhance recreational or commercial catches, restore fisheries or to create new fisheries. However, many stocking programmes are carried out without definition of objectives or evaluation of the potential or actual success of the exercise. This paper describes a strategic approach to stocking aimed at maximizing the potential benefits. A protocol is discussed which reviews factors such as source of fish, stocking density, age and size of fish at stocking, timing of stocking and mechanism of stocking. The potential genetic, ecological and environmental impacts of stocking are described.     

Completeness of the dog registry and estimation of the dog population size in a densely populated area of Rome

In most European countries, registration and identification of dogs is compulsory. In Italy, the national dog registry is composed of regional dog registries. Although dog registries have been established for many years, the issue related to completeness of data has not been addressed so far. The objective of this study was twofold: first to assess the completeness of data of the dog registry through telephone interview of a sample of dog owners drawn from the dog registry, then to estimate the total owned dog population in 4 boroughs of Rome. For the second objective, a capture–recapture method was applied using data from the dog registry and data from a face-to-face questionnaire submitted to people waiting in the sitting room of 5 points of access for booking and payment of primary and specialist care. Different scenarios are proposed to verify the assumptions of the estimation procedure and potential biases are discussed. The completeness of data of the dog registry was 88.9% (95% CI: 85.8–91.9%) and the owned-dog population was estimated at 26,244 dogs (95% CI: 24,110–28,383). The dog registry is an important source of information especially when it is properly updated and completeness of data is known.     

An insight into population structure and gene flow within pure‐bred cats

Investigation of genetic structure on the basis of pedigree information requires indicators adapted to the specific context of the populations studied. On the basis of pedigree‐based estimates of diversity, we analysed genetic diversity, mating practices and gene flow among eight cat populations raised in France, five of them being single breeds and three consisting of breed groups with varieties that may interbreed. When computed on the basis of coancestry rate, effective population sizes ranged from 127 to 1406, while the contribution of founders from other breeds ranged from 0.7 to 16.4%. In the five breeds, F_IS ranged between 0.96 and 1.83%, with this result being related to mating practices such as close inbreeding (on average 5% of individuals being inbred within two generations). Within the three groups of varieties studied, F_IT ranged from 1.59 to 3%, while values were estimated between 0.04 and 0.91%, which was linked to various amounts of gene exchanges between subpopulations at the parental level. The results indicate that cat breeds constitute populations submitted to low selection intensity, contrasting with relatively high individual inbreeding level caused by close inbreeding practices.