种植密度对转Bt棉纤维杀虫蛋白表达量及氮代谢的影响

为了探讨种植密度对转基因抗虫棉纤维中杀虫(Bt)蛋白表达量的影响及其氮代谢机制,以Bt棉常规种泗抗1号和Bt棉杂交种泗抗3号为试验材料,比较1.5×10⁴、3.0×10⁴、4.5×10⁴、6.0×10⁴、7.5×10⁴ 株·hm^-2五个种植密度下转Bt棉杀虫蛋白表达量及其氮代谢的差异。结果表明,纤维中Bt蛋白表达量随种植密度增大呈上升趋势。相关分析表明,单株铃数、单铃体积、单铃干重与Bt蛋白表达量均呈显著负相关。纤维中氮代谢生理相关指标中,可溶性蛋白含量及谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT)和谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶(GOT)活性随种植密度的增大而升高,但游离氨基酸含量、蛋白酶和肽酶活性随密度增大而下降。纤维中Bt蛋白表达量与可溶性蛋白含量、GPT和GOT活性呈显著正相关,而与游离氨基酸含量、蛋白酶和肽酶活性呈显著负相关。可见,提高种植密度降低了棉铃生长,但提高了纤维中Bt蛋白的表达量,且Bt蛋白表达量的提高与植株氮代谢生理密切相关。因此,在生产中通过协调种植密度既可以保持棉铃适度发育,又有利于提高棉纤维中Bt蛋白的表达量,为提高Bt棉产量器官抗虫性提供栽培基础。     

种植密度对南疆机采棉群体农艺特征和产量的影响

在新疆南疆地区自然生态条件下,以中棉所88号为试验材料,采用单因素随机区组试验设计,设置6个种植密度（P1：9万株·hm^-2,P2：12万株·hm^-2,P3：15万株·hm^-2,P4：18万株·hm^-2、P5：21万株·hm^-2,P6：24万株·hm^-2）,研究了一膜六行机采棉模式下棉花株高、主茎日增长量、茎粗、节枝比、叶面积指数（leaf area index,LAI）、冠层开度、叶倾角和产量对种植密度的响应。结果表明：增大密度显著降低了棉花的株高、茎粗、单株叶面积、冠层开度及节枝比（P<0.05）;主茎日增量在初花期以前为密度越大其越高,初花期后则反之;各处理LAI均在盛铃前期达到峰值,以P4处理最高为4.74;叶倾角则随密度增大而增大,各处理在30.0°～46.9°浮动;籽棉及皮棉产量均在P5处理达到最高,分别为6 272.79 kg·hm^-2和2 874.82 kg·hm-²但其与P3、P4处理均无显著差异。综上得出,在一膜六行机采模式下,南疆棉花的种植密度在15万～18万株·hm^-2范围内,棉花株型及冠层结构良好,产量较高。     

Nursery rearing of kalbasu, Labeo calbasu (Hamilton), at different stocking densities in outdoor concrete tanks

The growth and survival of kalbasu, Labeo calbasu, was evaluated at stocking densities of 5, 10 and 15 million spawn ha⁻¹ in nursery rearing in concrete tanks of 50 m², each for a period of 25 days. Survival of fry was density dependent and significantly higher (54.5%) at 5 million ha⁻¹ than those at 10 million ha⁻¹ (50.1%) and 15 million ha⁻¹ (46.9%). Similarly, growth and specific growth rate were inversely related to the stocking density and varied significantly among the three densities.     

Stocking strategies

Abstract  Stocking, transfer and introduction of fish are commonly used to mitigate loss of stocks, enhance recreational or commercial catches, restore fisheries or to create new fisheries. However, many stocking programmes are carried out without definition of objectives or evaluation of the potential or actual success of the exercise. This paper describes a strategic approach to stocking aimed at maximizing the potential benefits. A protocol is discussed which reviews factors such as source of fish, stocking density, age and size of fish at stocking, timing of stocking and mechanism of stocking. The potential genetic, ecological and environmental impacts of stocking are described.     

Completeness of the dog registry and estimation of the dog population size in a densely populated area of Rome

In most European countries, registration and identification of dogs is compulsory. In Italy, the national dog registry is composed of regional dog registries. Although dog registries have been established for many years, the issue related to completeness of data has not been addressed so far. The objective of this study was twofold: first to assess the completeness of data of the dog registry through telephone interview of a sample of dog owners drawn from the dog registry, then to estimate the total owned dog population in 4 boroughs of Rome. For the second objective, a capture–recapture method was applied using data from the dog registry and data from a face-to-face questionnaire submitted to people waiting in the sitting room of 5 points of access for booking and payment of primary and specialist care. Different scenarios are proposed to verify the assumptions of the estimation procedure and potential biases are discussed. The completeness of data of the dog registry was 88.9% (95% CI: 85.8–91.9%) and the owned-dog population was estimated at 26,244 dogs (95% CI: 24,110–28,383). The dog registry is an important source of information especially when it is properly updated and completeness of data is known.     

An insight into population structure and gene flow within pure‐bred cats

Investigation of genetic structure on the basis of pedigree information requires indicators adapted to the specific context of the populations studied. On the basis of pedigree‐based estimates of diversity, we analysed genetic diversity, mating practices and gene flow among eight cat populations raised in France, five of them being single breeds and three consisting of breed groups with varieties that may interbreed. When computed on the basis of coancestry rate, effective population sizes ranged from 127 to 1406, while the contribution of founders from other breeds ranged from 0.7 to 16.4%. In the five breeds, F_IS ranged between 0.96 and 1.83%, with this result being related to mating practices such as close inbreeding (on average 5% of individuals being inbred within two generations). Within the three groups of varieties studied, F_IT ranged from 1.59 to 3%, while values were estimated between 0.04 and 0.91%, which was linked to various amounts of gene exchanges between subpopulations at the parental level. The results indicate that cat breeds constitute populations submitted to low selection intensity, contrasting with relatively high individual inbreeding level caused by close inbreeding practices.     

饮茶对镉染毒SD大鼠抗氧化和脂质代谢的影晌

选用体质量均匀的成年雌、雄SD大鼠,并分为对照组、镉染毒组和镉染毒饮茶干扰组。在饲喂基础日粮的基础上,对照组饮用自来水;镉染毒纽饮用含镉（60mg／L）的水;镉染毒饮荼干扰组饮用舍镉（60mg／L）的龙井茶,探讨饮茶对镉毒性的干预效果。结果表明,镉可造成细胞脂质过氧化,细胞抗氧化能力降低,影响细胞正常代谢,并可导致机体血脂升高、动脉硬化的几率增加。饮茶拮抗镉的脂质过氧化损伤,激活了体内的抗氧化防御系统,并可降血脂、预防动脉硬化及调节脂质代谢。     

水稻机械化钵体摆栽密度试验研究

为大面积推广水稻机械化摆栽技术,以龙稻5号、龙粳30和垦鉴稻6号3个优质水稻品种为试材,设置6种栽插密度,采用裂区试验方法,以筛选出2ZB-633型摆栽机最适宜的水稻栽插密度。结果表明:运用2ZB-633型摆栽机进行插秧,其摆栽密度为23cm×10cm时,水稻群体各重要性状最优,产量构成因素相互协调发展,可获得最高产量。     

中国沙棘克隆生长对不同光照强度的响应

利用遮阳网产生的不同光照强度（100％、70％、50％和20％的自然光照）,研究了中国沙棘克隆生长对不同光照强度的响应规律。结果表明,（1）当光照强度从20％逐渐增加到100％时,种群生长量、生物量积累与分配、地下克隆器官参数等增幅均呈二次抛物线变化,相对光照强度为50％～70％是其克隆生长的最佳光照强度。（2）种群生长量、种群及各器官生物量、子株数量及萌蘖根生长量增幅最大时的光强分别为48.0％～61.7％、52.8％～53.6％、55.6％～57.6％,且分株生长量和种群生物量、萌蘖根生长量和子株数量之间具有协同作用,而营养生长和克隆繁殖之间存在权衡关系。（3）在适宜的光照强度下,种群以分株比较高大且分布相对密集为特征,生长格局倾向于集团型;在光照强度过大或过小的情况下,种群以分株比较矮小且分布相对稀疏为特征,生长格局倾向于游击型。当光照强度由低到高变化时,生长格局将由游击型到集团型再到游击型,形成一个觅养对策连续体。