Recreational fisheries in Portofino Marine Protected Area,Italy: Some implications for the management

Since the 1970s, recreational fishing has become a mass hobby in Italy, reaching a large number of people, who, using modern equipment, increased their harvesting capacity, provoking serious conflicts with the professional fisheries. Recreational fishing is strictly regulated inside Italian Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and is generally allocated to local residents, mainly to reduce the tensions caused by limitations of access to the resources. The aim of this study was to provide an analysis of recreational fishing activities within the Portofino MPA (Mediterranean Sea), to assess the possible impact on the local fish stocks and to plan potential management actions. Furthermore, some serious inconsistencies on the minimum lengths of fish caught as defined by law relative to the minimum size of first reproduction are discussed. Since 2014, all anglers exploiting the Portofino MPA have been obliged to fill out a logbook. The compilation of these was not completely satisfactory, when compared with a group of reliable anglers whose catches were accurately monitored, but allowed for estimated yields of about 24 kg/angler/yr. After 15 years of protection, the fish biomass has increased within the Portofino MPA, generating a positive spillover effect. At the same time, it has attracted many anglers whose gross harvesting was estimated at about 8 t/year, representing about the 8% of the total yield of the local small‐scale fishery.     

硇洲岛周围水域虾拖网虾渔获组成

根据2005年渔业资源监测船生产调查资料和现场取样数据,运用数理统计方法分析了虾拖网虾渔获组成、生物学特征以及月份变化等。结果表明:硇洲岛周围水域虾拖网捕获的虾类主要是沿岸性底栖虾类,渔获中优质虾种少,幼虾比例高,墨吉明对虾、日本囊对虾、哈氏仿对虾是虾拖网渔业的主捕虾种,虾渔获组成存在明显的月份变化。为合理利用虾类资源和促进虾渔业可持续发展,应根据虾类特性开发适宜广东沿海虾拖网的选择性捕捞技术,减少幼虾兼捕量。     

环境友好型虾夷扇贝捕捞网具优化设计与试验

目前中国虾夷扇贝网具存在捕捞效果差、海底生境影响严重等问题,该研究基于水下视频监控技术,设计了水压板导流与随动式惊扰相结合的拖曳网架结构。采用FLUENT软件对改造后捕捞网具的水下拖曳水动力特性进行分析得出,在拖曳水深在30~50 m、拖曳速度为1.8 m/s、网口高度为350 mm时,采用22.5°～30°负迎角弧式水压板,可减轻顶部湍流对底栖鱼类的兼捕影响,且随动式惊扰装置满足作业要求,此时拖曳稳定绳长约为156.80～261.34 m、稳定角度为11.03°、稳定拖曳力为2275.83 N。通过海上捕捞对比试验得出,在拖曳速度为1.5、1.8和2.0 m/s时,改造后捕捞网具与生产用捕捞网具在捕捞量方面无显著差异（P>0.5）,在碎贝量和底栖鱼类兼捕量方面显著降低（P<0.5）。单网平均捕捞量的偏差率分别为6.30%、0.59%和5.55%,单网平均碎贝量的偏差率分别为90.63%、84.78%、85.29%,单网底栖鱼类平均兼捕量的偏差率分别为78.57%、81.25%、84.85%。且在拖曳速度为1.8 m/s时,与生产用网具相比,单网平均捕捞量偏差率最低,单网平均碎贝量的偏差率最低,底栖鱼类平均兼捕量显著减少,符合环境友好型捕捞网具设计要求。     

Comanagement for aquaculture: Suggestions from a comparative study between two major production areas of milkfish in the Philippines

ABSTRACT

This study examined if, and how, comanagement is effective in controlling aquaculture industry in the municipalities of Anda and Bolinao in the province of Pangasinan, in the Philippines, the locations of two major production areas of milkfish (Chanos chanos) in the country. Institutional and community analyses conducted in these study sites revealed a unique hierarchy of resource users, as well as unique social and economic problems in aquaculture, distinct from those of capture fishery. It was also indicated that comanagement is seen as a solution for essential practices to be enforced practically and sustainably for the management of this industry. To improve aquaculture governance, it is desired that the comanagement scheme shall include not only the governments and fishers but also business operators who often have large capital and a high degree of power.     

北太平洋西经海域(175°W-170°W)温盐分布及其与柔鱼渔场关系的初步研究

根据2000年5-7月北太平洋鱿钓探捕调查所收集的海水盐度、温度及渔获量等数据,分析了调查海域表层盐度、不同水层水温的分布特征及鱿钓渔场的形成.利用聚类和相关分析方法,研究了单位捕捞努力量渔获量与表层盐度及不同水层水温的关系.结果表明,鱿钓渔场形成于表层低盐水舌和100m层水温暖水舌的交汇区,单位捕捞努力量渔获量与100m层水温相关性最好,但表层海水盐度的分布对鱿钓渔场的确定仍具有一定指示意义.     

基于《物权法》的中国捕捞权保护制度的探索

《物权法》明确了捕捞权和养殖权的用益物权属性,并规定其受法律保护。但依据我国现有渔业法律制度,实施《物权法》有关保护捕捞权的法律规定还存在一定困难。通过比较分析《物权法》和《渔业法》及相关法规对捕捞权的规定,考察造成捕捞权损害的主要原因,提出了我国捕捞权保护制度的路径选择:(1) 将近岸海洋渔场和内陆水域渔场按县级或县级以下基层行政区域进行划分,确定给所属区域内的传统捕捞渔民专属使用,从而明确捕捞权主体和客体,为建立捕捞权保护制度提供基础。(2) 建立捕捞权损害评估体系,制定捕捞权损害赔偿、补偿标准,规范捕捞权损害赔偿、补偿程序,健全和完善捕捞权损害赔偿、补偿制度。     

尼罗罗非鱼行为习性及其捕捞渔具的设计

尼罗罗非鱼(OreochromisniloticaL.)属热带性鱼类,为我国1978年从国外引进的优良海淡水养殖对象,具有食性杂、生长速度快、肉质鲜美、经济价值高等优点[1]。目前已在我国数个省、市开展养殖。尼罗罗非鱼性喜群游,其最适生长水温为24～32℃,水温降至14℃时,活动迟缓,停止摄食,水温降至12℃以下时便逐渐死亡[2]。因此,在我国北方地区养殖的尼罗罗非鱼,一般在严冬前开始进行捕捞。水温达到20℃以上时,雄鱼会在池边或者池底挖洞,当遇到外界刺激或拉网捕捞受惊后,便潜入洞中或软泥中。尼罗罗非鱼的这一行为习性给捕捞造成很大困难,因此各地一般…     

春季舟山渔场鱼类种类组成研究

根据2011年3月和4月的渔业生物资料,研究报道了春季不同月份舟山渔场鱼类种类组成、区系组成和优势种组成,比较了春季不同月份出现种类组成,优势种变化。结果表明,春季舟山渔场鱼类种类共有70种,隶属于14目46科,其中暖水种共有46种,暖温种共有24种;3月份鱼类出现种类58种,其中优势种有虻鲉、小黄鱼和日本鳀3种,4月份鱼类出现种类62种,优势种有虻鲉、七星底灯鱼、小黄鱼和龙头鱼4种。     

江河养殖船结构及改进的研究

养殖船主尺度（ｍ）为Ｌ＝３１．３０－４０，５０，Ｂ＝５．５０－７．００，Ｈ＝１．３０－１．７０，Ｔ＝１．０５－１．４４；船型系数为α＝０．９５－０．９９，β＝０．９９－１．００，δ＝０．８５－０．９０。船型与非动力驳船最为接近。养鱼舱面积为９０ｍ＾２－１８０ｍ＾２，水体交换利用金属网或船壳凿孔。养殖船具有向大尺度，高造价和废旧船舶利用以及简易化，低成本演变的趋势。安装减流阻渣设施和改进网箱设置方法     

集鱼灯灯光分布及茎柔鱼钓捕效果分析

根据2006年4-6月我国鱿钓船在智利外海茎柔鱼渔场实际测定的灯光分布和生产统计资料,对金属卤化物灯和高压钠灯的光照度分布及其钓捕效果进行了比较分析。经测定分析和模型拟合,金属卤化物灯和高压钠灯的灯光衰减曲线符合指数模型,金属卤化物灯和高压钠灯的衰减系数分别为0.199 8和0.635 3。在180盏×2 kW金属卤化物灯情况下,在距船舷2 m的垂直断面,其水深5m内的光照度多在100 lx以上,10lx的等光照度曲线在18 m水层左右,0.01 lx的等光照度曲线在40 m水层附近。在30盏×500 W高压钠灯情况下,在距船舷2 m的垂直断面,其海面的平均光照度为10 lx左右,0.01 lx的等光照度曲线在20 m水层附近。以一些头足类的适宜光照度0.01~10 lx估算,30盏×500 W高压钠灯适宜照度的水体体积仅为180盏×2 kW金属卤化物灯的1/8左右。研究还表明,钓捕茎柔鱼时的金属卤化物灯适宜总功率为260~274 kW。