应用舒根型容器与半轻型基质培育马尾松苗的研究

主要报道应用根型容器与半径型基质培育马尾松优质容器３ａ的研究结果。（１）舒根型容器培育苗木根系顺导向槽往下伸展,不会形成卷曲根,并可通过空气自然截根,促使产生大量侧,须根,同时根系与其质紧密结合形成牢固的根团,有利于提高造林成活率。（２）现任两舒根型容器相比较,以合式容器为优,苗高生长与苗株生物量要比管形容器分别大１２．８％和２４．６％,茎根比小根系发达,苗木质质量高。（３）在基质比较试验中,按苗     

农区半放牧半舍饲模式下肉用母牛同期优化方案的研究

为研究与优化不同同期发情方案对肉用母牛繁殖受胎率的影响。本研究在半放牧半舍饲模式下分别应用Ovsynch法、二次PG法、CIDR+PG法、CIDR+PG+GnRH法同期发情方案对夏洛莱牛、新疆褐牛、西门塔尔牛及相关杂交牛进行处理,在AI后通过直肠触诊和超声检查对牛进行妊娠诊断。结合PG剂量与BCS对受胎率统计分析得出,Ovsynch组、二次PG组分别与CIDR+PG组、CIDR+PG+GnRH组受胎率差异显著（P＜0.05）,在应用CIDR进行同期处理的牛群中,BCS<3组与其他三组受胎率差异显著（P＜0.05）;BCS≥8组与其他三组受胎率差异显著（P＜0.05）。这些结果表明,不同同期发情方案对牛受胎率有显著影响,而BCS对受胎率也有一定影响。本研究为半放牧半舍饲模式下肉用母牛同期发情方案的选择与优化提供了参考。     

百菌清在中药材浙贝上的残留动态研究

研究了百菌清在浙贝Frifillaria thuubergii上的残留动态,应用气相色谱电子捕获检测器63Ni和1.5% OV-17+2.8% OV-210 Chromosorb W/AW-DMCS(80-100目)色谱柱,测定百菌清在浙贝叶、块根和土壤中的残留量。该方法在浙贝叶、块根和土壤中的回收率分别为94.7%、101.6%、119.3%,百菌清在浙贝叶和土壤中的半衰期分别为4.8和4.7 d。     

Decomposition rates of forest residues and soil fertility after clear‐cutting of Eucalyptus grandis stands in response to site management and fertilizer application

Forest residues (i.e. harvest residues and litter) are important nutrient sources for trees because soils of poor fertility are used for eucalypt plantations in Brazil. Understanding the dynamics of decomposition for these residues and their effects on soil fertility are relevant for the management of forest plantations. The objectives with this study were to assess the effects of forest residue management and fertilizer, both applied in the establishment of a Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden stand, on the decomposition rate (k), nutrient release and soil fertility after harvest of this stand. The treatments were applied to a plantation (R1). After 8 yr, R1 was clear‐cut and all of the treatments were reapplied to a new planting (R2). At the end of R1 (age of 8 yr), there was a reduction of 10% in the wood volume in the treatment with the forest residues removed and 36% reduction with no fertilizer application. At the end of 1 yr for plantation R2, these reductions were 30 and 57%, respectively. Residue decomposition under R2 was assessed by a new approach that involved collecting samples directly on the site without using litter bags. The k of forest residues was 3.6 for leaves, 1.2 for bark and 0.8 for branches. The application of small rates of N and P fertilizer did not influence the k of forest residues. In the first 300 days after clear‐cutting, approximately 50% of N, P, Ca, Mg and S and 80% of K in the forest residues were released. Even so, this did not result in significant changes in soil fertility levels. Only small reductions in soil N and P contents over time and changes in topsoil pH resulted from forest residue removal.     

Coculture of bovine demiembryos prior to freezing.

Pregnancy rates after transfer of frozen/thawed bisected embryos, demiembryos, have until now been very low. In the present study it was attempted to improve the freezability rate of demiembryos by culturing them on a monolayer of bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOEC) prior to freezing. The cultured frozen/thawed demiembryos showed a lower developmental rate than intact embryos. The pregnancy rate (23%) following transfer was not different from the pregnancy rate after transfer of unfrozen demiembryos (26%). The calving rate (4%), however, was significantly lower than the calving rate after transfer of fresh demiembryos (23%). Although the overall pregnancy rate achieved in this study was low, it can be concluded that a co-culture period upon BOEC prior to freezing does not improve the viability of frozen demiembryos.     

商品肉鸡新城疫不同免疫程序效果比较研究

鸡新城疫是禽类的常发病,最理想的防治方法是疫苗免疫。肉用雏鸡母源NDV抗体可干扰疫苗的免疫效果,雏鸡在不同日龄接种疫苗后,血清抗体也会发生一定规律的变化。为获得良好的免疫效果,通过血凝抑制试验（HI）检测母源抗体效价消长规律为：在1～3日龄抗体维持在1：64～128的较高水平,后随时间的延长而逐渐降低,至24日龄抗体降至1：4以下,半衰期为4～5d。针对HI检测抗体效价〈1：40的3日龄雏鸡,对常用的3种有效的免疫程序进行对比试验研究,结果发现第2组免疫效果更为理想。     

Kinetics of Plasma Cell‐Free DNA and Creatine Kinase in a Canine Model of Tissue Injury

Background

Cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) comprises short, double‐stranded circulating DNA sequences released from damaged cells. In people, cfDNA concentrations correlate well with disease severity and tissue damage. No reports are available regarding cfDNA kinetics in dogs.

Objectives/Hypothesis

Cell‐free DNA will have a short biological half‐life and would be able to stratify mild, moderate, and severe tissue injury. Our study aims were to determine the kinetics and biological half‐life of cfDNA and to contrast them with those of creatine kinase (CK).

Animals

Three groups of 10 dogs undergoing open ovariohysterectomy, surgery for cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR), or hemilaminectomy.

Methods

Plasma for cfDNA and CK analysis was collected at admission, at induction of anesthesia, postsurgery (time 0) and at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after surgery.

Results

The biological half‐life of plasma cfDNA and CK were 5.64 hours (95% confidence interval [CI 95], 4.36–7.98 hours) and 28.7 hours (CI95, 25.3–33.3 hours), respectively. In the hemilaminectomy group, cfDNA concentrations differed significantly from admission at 6–12 hours after surgery. Creatine kinase activity differed among the surgical groups and reached a peak 6 hours after surgery. In the ovariohysterectomy and CCLR groups, plasma CK activity 72 hours after surgery did not differ from admission activity of the ovariohysterectomy group. In contrast, in the hemilaminectomy group, plasma CK activity after 72 hours did not return to the ovariohysterectomy group admission activity.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Plasma CK activity has a longer biological half‐life than previously thought. In contrast to plasma CK activity, cfDNA has a short half‐life and could be a useful marker for peracute severe tissue injury.     

油松半同胞子代及亲本木材生长轮宽度与密度的研究

比较分析了陕西省陇县八渡林场油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)木材的生长轮宽度、基本密度.结果表明:子代家系间生长轮宽度差异不明显,基本密度在子代家系间存在显著差异,不同生长轮之间差异性亦很显著.通过对亲本与子代家系间木材性状与生长性状的综合比较,认为所选优树5号家系,9号家系,10号家系,36号家系等均较优良.     

干季贵州省东西部区域干湿状况差异分析

利用贵州85个气象观测站1960年10月-2010年3月逐日平均气温、降水量、小型蒸发量等资料,选用线性趋势、M-K突变、Morlet小波、积温干燥度指数以及气候干湿指数等方法,对贵州干季（10月-翌年3月）气象干旱进行分析。结果表明：（1）1960-2010年贵州东西部区域干季降水量均无显著线性变化趋势,但有一定的阶段性变化特点;西部区域2002年之后降水量呈极显著减少趋势,其线性变化率为-59.5mm·10a^-1（P<0.01）,东部区域2005年之后降水量呈极显著减少趋势,其线性变化率为-97.7mm·10a^-1（P<0.01）。21世纪前10a贵州东西部区域气象干旱均呈加重趋势。两区域降水量的突变时段和周期性特征均存在显著性差异（P<0.05）,西部区域1979年发生由多到少的突变,存在5～7a的周期振荡,东部区域1995年发生由多到少的突变,存在2～3a的周期振荡。（2）近50a西部区域的积温干燥度、气候干湿指数的变化比东部区域明显偏大、偏低,西部区域的气象干旱比东部区域偏重。（3）贵州东西部区域的积温干燥度、气候干湿指数与降水距平百分率线性拟合率均较高,R²均在0.8以上,但西部区域更高,积温干燥度和气候干湿指数均能真实体现贵州东西部区域干季气象干旱程度。