Simazine dynamics in a vineyard soil at Casablanca valley, Chile

Field dissipation, soil movement and laboratory leaching studies were performed to elucidate the effect of two rainfall amounts in the behaviour and environmental fate of simazine under climatic conditions at Casablanca Valley, Chile. Dissipation and soil movement were studied in a field vineyard with a sandy loam soil (Inceptisol; 74.08% sand; 14.87% silt and 11.04% clay). Simazine was applied to bare soil at 2.0 kg AI ha(-1), and its concentration was measured using immunoassay (ELISA) at 0, 10, 20, 40 and 90 days after application under two rainfall amounts, natural field conditions (39 mm) and modified conditions (39 + 180 mm). Simazine leaching was studied using soil core PVC lysimeters (0.9 m height; 0.22 m diameter). Field dissipation data were adjusted with a bi-exponential model. Half-life (DT(50)) values varied between 31.3 (+/-2.5) and 19.0 (+/-4.2) days under natural and modified conditions, respectively. Simazine K(d) varied from 0.42 to 2.15 (K(oc) 32.6-216.2) in the soil profile. Simazine was detected at a 90-cm soil depth in concentrations of 0.0085 (+/-0.0043) mg kg(-1) and 0.0321 (+/-0.001) mg kg(-1) under field and modified conditions, respectively. The maximum simazine leachate concentrations were 0.013 (+/-0.00084) mg litre(-1) (0.012% of total applied simazine) and 0.0084 (+/-0.00082) mg litre(-1) (0.11% of total applied simazine) for field and modified conditions respectively. These data indicate that water quantity has a significant effect on the DT(50) and the amount of simazine that moved through the soil profile, but not on the soil depth reached by this herbicide.     

棉铃虫多代连续取食转基因抗虫棉的抗性演变

1997－1999年,用含45％Bt CPT1双抗基因棉半人工饲料饲喂棉铃虫幼虫5．5天,连续16代汰选。结果：幼虫校正死亡率由79．18％下降到49．36％;其体长达取食45％泗棉3号半人工饲料幼虫平均体长,由第一代的0上升到第16代的23．32％;幼虫体长、体重增长速率由第一代负增长分别上升为55．29％和366．67％。表明棉铃虫幼虫经取食转基因抗虫棉连续16代,其中肠对抗虫棉已产生一定的亲和性及适宜性,进入早期抗性阶段。     

Green's Function s of a Piezoelectric Half-space for Axisymmetric Problems

Green's functions for axisymmetric problems of a piezoelectric half space have been included in a recent paper of Ding et al. (1999). It is found, however, some terms in the solution have been missed there. In this paper, a complete and exact solution is presented.     

嗜水气单胞菌D102致弱菌株的制备和鉴定

为研究嗜水气单胞菌D102致弱菌株的制备、OD值变化及其致病性,首先利用细菌在生长过程中毒力不断减弱的特性,对嗜水气单胞菌102正常株进行数次传代培养,得到在血液琼脂平板上没有β-溶血圈的D102致弱株。然后对102正常株和D102致弱株进行OD值测定,发现102正常株在6 h时进入对数生长期,24 h开始进入稳定生长期;而D102致弱株在2 h即开始进入对数生长期,20 h时开始进入稳定生长,对数生长期较正常株提前。鱼体注射0.5 m L的D102致弱株菌液7 d后无发病现象,然后在不发病鱼体上注射强毒性102正常株原菌液。结果表明:80%的鱼正常生长,无发病状态,20%的鱼出现轻微充血后痊愈,D102致弱株对鲤鱼有很好的保护作用;提取不发病鱼的血清进行血清学反应,确定其抗体效价为1∶128。     

木薯的薯构型及其对机械收获的影响

不同品种木薯的薯块（块根）在土壤中的空间分布特性即薯构型,直接影响机械收获的效果。为探索木薯薯块在土壤中的空间分布特性,本研究通过抽样调查,研究了典型木薯品种华南205、南植199和新选048的薯构型,探讨适宜机械化收获的木薯品种,确定木薯机械化收获的技术参数。结果表明,华南205和南植199的薯块空间分布较为适宜机械化收获,单株木薯的最优收获半幅宽为0.0~35.0 cm、收获层深为0.0~25.0 cm,在此条件下,华南205的薯数占比和薯重占比均达到100.0%,南植199达96.0%以上。综合分析,确定木薯收获机的单株木薯半幅收获宽度为35.0 cm、收获深度为25.0 cm,该研究结果可为木薯收获机械的研究设计提供参考依据。     

二苯醚类除草剂在土壤中的降解动态及作物上的残留

于１９９２～１９９４年对乙氧氟草醚、氟磺胺草醚在土壤中的降解动态及在油料作物上的残留进行了试验研究，明确了这两种农药在土壤中的半衰期及作物上的残留特性，进而为防止除草剂对农业生态环境的污染，提出了合理使用方法     

水分亏缺条件下柿树组织电解质渗出率变化规律的研究

本文以柿属君迁子幼苗,盆栽2年生君迁子、磨盘、火柿幼树为材料,研究了在不同水分亏缺条件下,组织电解质渗出率的变化,用logistic方程模拟了君迁子幼苗在不同离体脱水过程中,组织电解质渗出率随脱水时间变化的数学模型;柿幼树三个种类随土壤干旱程度加深,组织电解质渗出率的变化模型;君迁子幼苗随PEG2000溶液浓度提高;电解质渗出率变化模型。应用导数原理,估算了不同柿树品种,不同苗龄,不同器官和幼树不同发育时期的拐点值,确定了各种水分亏缺处理过程中各类组织电解质渗出率半致死值——水分亏缺半致死点,并对结果进行了评价与讨论。     

半姊妹与全姊妹三轮次选择对玉米“沈综”群体改良效果的研究

本文采用半姊妹与全姊妹轮回选择方法对玉米“沈综”群体实施了三轮次改良。结果表明，两种改良方案对“沈综”群体改良皆有显著效果，半姊妹方案取得产量每轮遗传增益为１２．９１％，明显大于全姊妹方案对农艺性状所取得的遗传进度也较大。三轮选择后，群体大多数农艺性状的遗传变异度没有下降。半姊妹方案实施过程中，更换测验种可扩大对被改良群体不同基因位点的选择压力。     

戊二醛和季铵盐复合物对黄鳝的急性毒性作用

研究了戊二醛和季铵盐复合物对黄鳝(Monopterusalbus)的急性毒性作用,观察了黄鳝对2种药剂的毒性反应症状,得出了戊二醛对黄鳝的24h、48h、72h、96h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为58.77、41.69、38.54、30.05mL/m3,季铵盐复合物对黄鳝的24h、48h、72h、96h的LC50分别为296.72、164.10、111.55、76.76mL/m3;2种药物对黄鳝的安全浓度分别为3.01mL/m3和7.68mL/m3;2种药物对黄鳝的毒性强弱顺序为:戊二醛>季铵盐复合物。