黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒低风险参照物质的研制

采用RT-PCR方法扩增黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒的外壳蛋白基因与3,非编码区,并将其构建到马铃薯X病毒(PVX)载体中.重组质粒经线性化及体外转录后接种烟草,获得含有病毒外壳蛋白基因的感病植株.感病组织可用于分子检测的质控,也可作为毒源来繁殖阳性参照物质.基于PVX载体制备的参照物质可降低检疫性病毒的生物安全风险,尤其对稳定性强、可造成严重经济损失的高风险病毒的检疫更具实用价值.     

农村电网合理配电方式的优化选择

为降低农村电网的投资和运行费用,在满足负荷需求及各项技术指标限制的条件下,以线路电压降和变电站最大负荷限制为控制条件,建立各种配电方式的单位供电面积年费用与线路供电半径、变电站数量、负荷密度等因素之间的函数关系,对我国农村电网3种配电方式110/35/10kV、110/20kV、110/10kV的经济性进行研究和比较。结果表明:当负荷密度低于250kW/km2时,110/10kV配电方式的单位供电面积年费用相对较低,而负荷密度高于250kW/km2时,110/20kV的配电方式则更经济;而110/35/10kV配电方式因为使用广泛且经济性与另外2种配电方式接近,仍有很高的保留价值。     

野生毛花猕猴桃剥皮型优系‘YH-3'

剥皮型优系‘YH-3''母树来源于江西省宜黄县境内的野生毛花猕猴桃（Actinidia eriantha Benth）优株,系从野生毛花猕猴桃群体中的自然变异选育而成。该优系具有花瓣粉红,果面白毛,果肉墨绿,易剥皮,高Vc等显著特征,表现品质优良,遗传性状稳定,丰产稳产,果实均匀,商品果率高,果实10月下旬成熟,耐热抗旱,适应性强,发展潜力大。     

不同品种肉鸡肌肉的组织学特性研究

采用冰冻切片法、借助TIGER细胞图像分析仪对南海麻黄鸡、江西鸡、黄鸡M系、黄鸡N系、黄鸡K系的胸部肌肉的肌纤维直径和肌纤维密度进行了测定。结果表明:①肌纤维直径由小到大依次为江西鸡(30.1±3.1)μm、南海麻黄鸡(35.3±7.8)μm、黄鸡N系(36.7±1.9)μm、黄鸡K系(37.2±0.7)μm、黄鸡M系(38.1±3.1)μm,江西鸡与黄鸡N系、黄鸡K系之间的差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。②肌纤维密度由小到大依次为黄鸡K系(424.5±39.3)根/mm2、M系(465.5±91.9)根/mm2、N系(471.5±63.0)根/mm2、南海麻黄鸡(568.1±59.7)根/mm2和江西鸡(655.5±182.6)根/mm2。③优质肉鸡的肌纤维直径和密度与肌肉品质之间有密切关系。     

Growth,Meat Yield,and Economic Responses of Broilers Provided Three- and Four-Phase Schedules Formulated to Moderate and High Nutrient Density During a Fifty-Six-Day Production Period

This study examined growth responses and meat yield of broilers provided a 3- or 4-phase feeding schedule formulated to moderate or high nutrient density. Four dietary treatments were implemented consisting of high or moderate nutrient density diets that were provided for the duration of 3 phases (1 to 17, 18 to 35, and 36 to 56 d) or 4 phases (1 to 17, 18 to 35, 36 to 46, and 47 to 56 d).Provision of a 3-phase schedule did not alter growth performance, meat yield, or diet cost per final BW. Broilers receiving high nutrient diets had improved growth rate and feed conversion from 1 to 35 d. In the 3-phase schedule, birds given the high nutrient density diets had advantages in BW gain and pectoralis minor breast weight. Market changes in meat prices impact differences in gross feeding margins between diets formulated to high or moderate nutrient density more than variation in diet cost.     

高尔夫果岭上草坪灰斑病病原菌的分离鉴定

2003-2005年从西安亚健国际高尔夫球场和郑州21世纪高尔夫练习场的果岭上采集到草坪灰斑病样品,按照柯赫氏法则对其进行了病原物的分离、纯化、致病性测定和菌株鉴定,并进行了温度和pH值对病原菌生长影响的初步研究。结果表明,病株分离物优势菌群为弯孢霉,分离频率为77.1%。致病性测定结果表明,回接后发病株率达80%以上,并产生与田间相类似的症状,病株上获得的其他分离物均不能导致灰斑病症状的出现,证实高尔夫果岭灰斑病是由弯孢霉侵染导致的一种病害。温度和pH值对病原菌生长影响的研究结果表明,该菌生长最适pH值和温度范围分别为6~8和25~30℃。     

豆科绿肥对四川丘陵区橘园间作效应的初步研究

为明确豆科绿肥对四川丘陵区橘园产量、品质、产值及土壤肥力的影响,2011-2013年在四川省西充县进行了试验研究。结果表明：（1）橘园间作豆科作物柑橘产量比对照提高3.3%-5.7%、但增产不显著;（2）凡涉及间作大豆的模式,经济产值极显著提高、比对照增加14.3%-16.2%;（3）凡间种豆科绿肥的模式,柑橘品质和土壤养分都有明显改善,柑橘总糖提高13.1%-15.5%、可溶性固形物提高17.4%-20.2%、Vc 提高13.6%-16.3%、可滴定酸降低10.3%-11.8%,土壤有机质增加13.2%-15.9%、全氮增加6.3%-8.7%、全磷增加8.0%-10.6%、速效钾增加6.2%-8.7%。橘园间作豆科绿肥和间作大豆-绿肥的综合效应良好,可选择应用。     

摄入不同能量的围产期乳牛肝低密度脂蛋白受体mRNA丰度的比较

将30头健康、经产、处于围产期的黑白花乳牛随机分为3组，每组10头。从产前28d开始，低能量组乳牛饲喂《中国奶牛饲养标准（2000）》减少20％日粮（能量摄入80％），对照组乳牛饲喂《标准》日粮（能量摄入100％），高能量组乳牛饲喂《标准》增加20％日粮（能量摄入120％），产后各组乳牛均饲喂标准日粮。至产后第56d结束试验；采用内对照RT-PCR方法检测摄入不同能量的围产期乳牛肝活体组织低密度脂蛋白受体（LDLR）mRNA丰度。结果，不同能量组乳牛肝LDLR mRNA丰度产前至产后均呈现先升高后降低的趋势。100％和120％能量组肝LDLR mRNA丰度在产后14d达最大值，且产后均高于产前（产后56d除外，P〈0．01或P〈0．05）；而80％能量组产后1d即达到最大值，产前14d至产后14d，LDLR mRNA相对表达量显著高于100％和120％能量组；产后28～56d，120％能量组显著高于80％和100％能量组（P〈0．01）。表明围产期乳牛能量摄入水平对肝LDLR mRNA丰度有显著影响。     

A randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study on the efficacy of a unique extract of green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) in horses with chronic fetlock lameness attributed to osteoarthritis

Reasons for performing study: Lyophilised products from green‐lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus[LPPC]) are used to orally treat horses with osteoarthritis (OA). However, no randomised, controlled or double‐blinded studies on the efficacy of this treatment in horses have been reported to date. Objective: To investigate the effects of a unique LPPC (Biolane) ¹ in improving clinical signs of OA in the fetlock. Methods: Data were analysed from 26 horses with primary fetlock lameness in a controlled, randomised and double‐blinded, multi‐centre clinical trial. The study design was a partial crossover with a washout period and consisted of 19 horses treated with LPPC and 20 with a placebo. Horses were dosed orally with 25 mg/kg bwt/day LPPC or placebo for 56 days. Efficacy was evaluated by clinical assessment of lameness, passive flexion, pain, swelling and heat in the affected joint. Relationships between variables were analysed using an ordinal logistic model with random effects for horse and horse x treatment according to a modified intention‐to‐treat analysis. Results: Clinical evaluation of horses with a fetlock lameness treated with LPPC showed a significant reduction in severity of lameness (P<0.001), improved response to the joint flexion test (P<0.001) and reduced joint pain (P = 0.014) when compared with horses treated with placebo. Conclusions: The LPPC significantly alleviated the severity of lameness and joint pain and improved response to joint flexion in horses with lameness attributable to OA in the fetlock.