试论青藏高原草业系统生态危机主要成因及对策

草业系统是青藏高原生态系统大惊讶时空异质景观，是该区域的生命支持系统，气候生态因子主导性、大尺度时空相悖性和灰色属性是青藏高原草业系统的显著特征。草业系统通过自身适应机制，调控来自地境及其它系统的胁迫，从而实现脆弱的动态平衡。生态危机症状发生在青藏高原草业系统的3个界面：牧草－－地景界面、草地－－动物界面、草畜－－经营管理界面。疏探经营管理是青藏高原草业系统生态危机的发动机和催化剂，可以用经营者－－投入等多方面无序，构建新的经营管理系统是遏制生态危机、恢复生态平衡的根本出路。     

Identification of eggs from different production systems based on hyperspectra and CS-SVM

1. To identify the origin of table eggs more accurately, a method based on hyperspectral imaging technology was studied.

2. The hyperspectral data of 200 samples of intensive and extensive eggs were collected. Standard normalised variables combined with a Savitzky–Golay were used to eliminate noise, then stepwise regression (SWR) was used for feature selection. Grid search algorithm (GS), genetic search algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimisation algorithm (PSO) and cuckoo search algorithm (CS) were applied by support vector machine (SVM) methods to establish an SVM identification model with the optimal parameters. The full spectrum data and the data after feature selection were the input of the model, while egg category was the output.

3. The SWR–CS–SVM model performed better than the other models, including SWR–GS–SVM, SWR–GA–SVM, SWR–PSO–SVM and others based on full spectral data. The training and test classification accuracy of the SWR–CS–SVM model were respectively 99.3% and 96%.

4. SWR–CS–SVM proved effective for identifying egg varieties and could also be useful for the non-destructive identification of other types of egg.     

番石榴ISSR-PCR最适反应体系的建立与验证

为更好的将ISSR标记应用于番石榴种质研究,本研究以“维邦2号”番石榴DNA为筛选体系试验材料,采用单因子试验对ISSR反应中Mg2+浓度、dNTPs浓度、引物浓度、Taq酶浓度、DNA浓度进行了优化。实验结果表明,番石榴20µl最适反应体系为：2.0µl 10×Buffer,1.0mmol/L Mg2+,0.25mmol/L dNTPs,0.8mmol/L引物,0.2U Taq酶,10ng的DNA。利用该反应体系,选用引物UBC810对9份番石榴种质进行PCR反应,再选取“南宁本地番石榴实生2号”DNA作为模板对8条ISSR引物进行PCR反应,对所确立的扩增体系进行验证。结果显示扩增产物条带多态性丰富,且特异性强、重复性好,表明本研究所确定的反应体系适用于番石榴的ISSR分子标记。     

人血小板因子Ⅳ在家蚕杆状病毒表达载体系统中的表达

将人血小板因子Ⅳ (HumanPlateletFactorⅣ ,简称hPF4)基因重组于家蚕杆状病毒转移载体pBacPAK8中 ,获得重组转移载体pBacPAK PF4,并与线性化病毒Bm BacPAK6DNA共转染家蚕培养细胞 ,在细胞内发生同源重组 ,获得重组病毒BacPAK PF4。Southern杂交结果表明重组病毒基因组中含有hPF4基因。重组病毒以MOI=10感染家蚕培养细胞 (2× 10 6个细胞 )和家蚕 5龄幼虫 ,表达产物用体外培养的血管内皮细胞测定其生物活性 ,测得表达量在家蚕培养细胞中第 3天达到最高值为 6 0 88μg/ 2× 10 6个细胞 ;在蚕体内表达第 5天达到最高值 ,表达量明显高于家蚕培养细胞     

动物外激素的研究进展

外激素是生物体向环境释放的一种或多种化学物质的混合物,在环境中起着同种个体间传递信息、引起对方产生特殊反应的一类生物活性物质。在动物中,外激素是应用最广和最古老的通信方式,它们表现的是一种精练过的社会行为和繁殖策略的工具。对外激素在化学特性、产生器官、接受器官、作用及其作用途径方面取得的研究进展作一概述,以亟为该领域的研究提供参考。     

中国农牧交错带研究进展

通过分析中国在农牧交错带研究领域公开发表的学术成果,从中透视中国农牧交错带研究关注的重点、研究方法、存在问题和发展趋势。研究表明：1）中国农牧交错带的研究主要集中在自然条件、土地利用与景观、生态系统、产业经济与区域发展等领域;2）地理信息系统、遥感、卫星定位系统和模型分析等逐渐成为农牧交错带研究的重要方法;3）基于多学科综合的交叉研究、多尺度研究和时空综合研究及现代信息技术平台的应用等是今后农牧交错带研究的发展趋势。     

基于血浆非靶代谢组学探究急性笼养应激对蛋鸭代谢的影响

随着环保政策改革和养殖业的集约化、规模化发展,蛋鸭叠层式笼养模式的应用越来越广泛,笼养应激对蛋鸭的影响逐渐受到重视。本研究旨在利用非靶向代谢组学分析蛋鸭平养与笼养模式下血浆代谢物的差异。随机挑选平养组(floor-water rearing system, FWR组)和叠层式笼养组(cage-rearing system, CR组)蛋鸭各10只,跖骨静脉采血,通过高效液相色谱-质谱(HPLC-HRMS)非靶向代谢组学技术获得20个在不同饲养模式下的血浆代谢物图谱,经T检验等分析,取差异倍数(Fold-change)ratio≥2或ratio≤1/2、变量重要性(variable importance in projection, VIP)>1、q值<0.05为筛选条件得到显著差异代谢物并作通路富集分析。结果共筛选到差异代谢物30种,其中上调表达的差异代谢物14种(P<0.05),下调表达的差异代谢物16种(P<0.05)。差异代谢物种类主要有甘油磷脂(glycerophospholipids, 16种)、脂肪酰基(fatty acyls, 4种)、羧酸及其衍生物...     

Stewardship as a Path to Cooperation? Exploring the Role of Identity in Intergroup Conflict Among Michigan Wolf Stakeholders

Post-recovery wolf management remains controversial. In Michigan, dialogue centers on hunting wolves but controversy may be more nuanced than simple pro- or anti-hunting positions. Social identity may cause stakeholders to organize in groups and identity differences may be driving controversy. To explore stakeholder disagreement over wolf management, we conducted semi-structured key informant interviews (n = 21) about identity and stewardship in August–September 2012. Four overarching identity themes emerged regarding: (a) management objectives, (b) focal levels, (c) control methods, and (d) justifications for methods. Themes indicated two main researcher-defined identity groups. Interviewees from both groups identified six common stewardship themes: (a) bequest values, (b) ecosystem health, (c) education, (d) existence values, (e) pride in natural resources, and (f) sustainability. Findings suggest stakeholders may be conflicting over opposing identities vis-à-vis organization affiliation, which may be related to what management strategies individuals oppose. Establishing common stewardship objectives through established participation methods may help alleviate controversy.     

紫花与杂花苜蓿再生影响因子的比较研究

对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)(秘鲁、关中、甘农3号)及杂花苜蓿(Medicagovaria Martyn)(甘农1号、甘农2号)组培再生体系各影响因子进行比较研究。结果表明:紫花、杂花苜蓿的组培再生能力差异较大,前者显著高于后者;在愈伤组织诱导中,子叶节是最佳的外植体材料;2,4-D浓度增加对紫花苜蓿出愈率影响不明显,但杂花苜蓿的出愈率随着2,4-D浓度的增加呈明显的升高趋势;紫花苜蓿的最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS₊2,4-D2.0mg/L+蔗糖30g/L,诱导率均在95%以上;杂花苜蓿为MS₊2,4-D 4.0mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L,两个品种诱导率分别为65.6%、73.3%;5个品种的最适分化培养基均为MS₊KT 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L+蔗糖20 g/L或MS₊BA4.0 mg/L,分化率也各有差异,紫花苜蓿不定芽的分化率可达到70%左右,而杂花苜蓿在30%左右;最佳诱导生根的培养基为1/2MS₊IBA 1.0 mg/L;本研究建立了紫花苜蓿高频再生组织培养体系,为实现外源基因的高效遗传转化奠定基础;通过紫花苜蓿和杂花苜蓿的再生体系影响因子的比较研究,为杂花苜蓿再生体系的建立提供参考。