黄土丘陵沟壑区浅层滑坡和崩塌形态特征与发育临界地形

退耕还林(草)工程的深入实施有效遏制了黄土高原水土流失,但以浅层滑坡和崩塌为主的重力侵蚀在黄土高原广泛分布,且已成为小流域侵蚀泥沙主要来源之一.为探究黄土丘陵沟壑区浅层滑坡和崩塌的形态特征和发育临界地形,在陕西省安塞区纸坊沟小流域调查了 53处浅层滑坡和40处崩塌,记录其植被特征,同时进行无人机摄影测量.结果表明:浅层...     

广西油茶不同种源蒴果质量和种粒数变异

研究分析了广西18个油茶种源的蒴果质量和种粒数的变异及其相关性,结果表明:蒴果质量和种粒数在不同种源间分别存在极显著差异和显著差异,其变异系数分别为25.41%和33.13%;种源间的表型分化系数分别为28.63%和12.38%,蒴果质量和果粒数呈极显著的正相关,最后根据蒴果质量和种粒数的信息将18个种源通过聚类分析分为3类。     

热带高温地区碾压混凝土重力坝温控措施

为了研究在高温环境下浇筑大坝混凝土时,控制浇筑温度和通冷却水等常用温控措施的效果、探索适用于高温施工环境的温控措施,利用有限元法对某一位于热带高温地区的碾压混凝土重力坝进行了施工期和运行期的全过程温度场和温度应力场仿真计算,对比分析了不同冷却水水温和浇筑温度下的坝体温度场和温度应力场.计算结果表明,坝体温度应力受浇筑温度和冷却水水温影响较大,将坝体基础约束区的浇筑温度从25℃降低到23℃、冷却水水温从20℃降低到15℃时,坝体最高温度从36.9℃降低到了34.6℃、最大温度应力从1.64MPa降低到了1.40MPa,此结果满足该大坝温控防裂要求.由此可见,在高温地区建混凝土坝时,在相对较高的浇筑温度和冷却水水温的施工条件下,坝体的温度和温度应力可得到有效控制.研究成果对简化温控措施、缩短工期、减少投资有重要参考意义.     

中国奶牛养殖生产布局时空演变分析

本研究基于2001—2017年中国奶牛存栏量统计数据,运用奶牛养殖布局指数、奶牛养殖重心模型和空间自相关模型分析方法,分析中国奶牛养殖生产布局在时间和空间上的演变过程和特征。结果表明:①东北和内蒙古产区奶牛存栏量呈下降趋势,华北产区保持稳定上升,西部产区缓慢上升,南方产区和大城市周边产区呈下降趋势;内蒙古、新疆和黑龙江稳居奶牛养殖主产区的主导地位,但优势逐渐减弱,以河南为代表的新兴产区奶牛养殖发展迅速。②奶牛养殖重心呈现出先向东南方向移动再向西南方向移动的演变趋势。③省际间奶牛存栏量具有全局空间正相关性且相关性不断增强,并已在黑龙江、山西、贵州、广东、海南、云南、广西、河南、陕西、青海、吉林、辽宁和河南出现局部地理集聚现象。最后,提出促进我国奶业发展的相关建议。     

生物多样性保护优先区生态网络构建与优化——以太行山片区为例

生物多样性保护优先区是重要物种的栖息地，是生物多样性保护工作的重点区域。基于生态学“源”“汇”理论，提取2000-2016年生态系统转移变化较小、生境质量较好的生态斑块和各类自然保护地作为生态源地，采用最小累积阻力模型构建研究区潜在生态廊道，并进行连通性评价，提出生态网络优化方案。结果表明，林地、灌丛是该区域物种迁移和扩散过程中起主导连接作用的景观类型，占生态廊道面积比例的63.9%，其次是草地，占生态廊道面积比例的13.87%；潜在生态网络结构连接度较高，但部分廊道结构较复杂，冗余性较高；通过重力模型优先选择相互作用力>5的生态廊道，并提取出32个生态断裂点和28个“暂栖息地”，最终提出保护生态源地、分级生态廊道、规划暂栖息地和修复生态断裂点等生态网络优化对策，研究结果可为太行山优先区-太行山片区生物多样性保护提供科学方法和建议。     

黄土高原陡坡土坎植被根-土复合体抗剪强度研究

以黄土高原陡坡土坎6种典型植物群落类型为研究对象，在分析植被根系密度指标的基础上，通过直剪试验，探讨不同植物群落的根-土复合体抗剪强度以及根系对提高抗剪强度的作用。结果表明:1）6种群落的根系密度指标值均具有显著性差异，白刺花-铁杆蒿群落的根重密度、根长密度和根表面积密度在所有群落类型中均为最高，分别为2 757.07 g/m³、17 886.22 m/m³和16.96 m²/m³；2）6种群落之间的根-土复合体的抗剪强度均显著高于素土抗剪强度，其中白刺花-铁杆蒿群落相对于素土的抗剪强度增加值最大，为32.98 kPa，且抗剪强度增加值随土层深度增加而降低；3）根-土复合体抗剪强度相对于素土抗剪强度的增加值与根系密度指标值呈对数函数关系，随根系含量增加而升高。     

Tree/wood quality in slash pine following long-term cattle grazing

Tree height, diameter, and grade were measured on 14 cattle grazing trial plots located on the Palustris Experimental Forest in Louisiana's Kisatchie National Forest. These plots had been established in the early 1960s. Mensurational data was gathered on 28 trees from grazed sites and another 28 from ungrazed plots. Increment cores were also taken from these trees. Statistical analyses showed no effect attributable to grazing on any of the variables measured: tree height, tree diameter at breast height, tree grade, growth rate, amount of latewood, unextracted specific gravity, or tracheid length. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Glomerular Filtration Rate and Renal Volume in Dogs with Congenital Portosystemic Vascular Anomalies before and after Surgical Ligation

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal volume were evaluated in dogs with confirmed portosystemic vascular anomalies (PSVA) before and after surgical ligation of their PSVA. Pre- and postligation CBC, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, abdominal ultrasonography with measurement of renal volume, and per rectal scintigraphy were performed to document resolution of abnormalities consistent with portosystemic shunting. GFR was estimated by plasma 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) clearance before (n = 21) and after (n = 12) surgical correction of PSVA. Preligation 99mTc-DTPA GFR was increased (median, 5.64 mL/minute/kg; range, 3.53-8.49 mL/minute/kg; reference range, 2.83-4.47 mL/minute/kg) in 81% (17/21) of dogs. Postligation 99mTc-DTPA GFR decreased in all 12 evaluated dogs (median change = -42%; P < .001). Preligation renal volume was above the reference range for the left and right kidneys in 71% (10/14) and 69% (11/16) of dogs evaluated, respectively. Right renal volume decreased significantly (n = 5; median change, -45%; P = .03) after surgical ligation of PSVA. These findings document increased GFR and renal volume in dogs with PSVA, which may explain in part the low blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations encountered in these dogs. Knowledge of changes in GFR associated with PSVA ligation may prove helpful in the anesthetic, drug, and dietary management of affected dogs.     

Influence of bud position on the formation of tubers on multiple node cuttings of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Summary Stem cuttings with variable number and position of leaves and variable number and age of buds were used to study the preference of tuberization at certain buds when several potential tuber sites were present. These cuttings were exposed to different orientations of the cuttings themselves and/or their light source. Inverting the cuttings did not affect overall tuberization, but had significant effects on individual buds, probably by the interaction between the original basipetal patterns in the cuttings and gravity effects. A smaller angle to the horizontal and lighting from below increased the overall expression of the tuberization stimulus. Leaf and bud position or age affected expression in a complicated manner, but the distance between screened bud and light-exposed leaf was crucial; buds most distant from illuminated leaves showed the strongest induction. The basic pattern of tuberization was basipetal.     

陕西省农田土壤有机质时空变异与驱动因子定量研究

为揭示土壤有机质(Soil organic matter, SOM)时空变异性与驱动因子响应机制,保障区域耕地可持续利用与粮食安全,应用地理探测器、地统计和重心偏移方法对陕西省SOM含量时空变异格局与驱动因子进行研究。结果表明：整体上,陕西省2017年SOM分布呈南高北低格局,平均含量(质量比)为15.63g/kg,较2007年提升8.61%;空间上,2017年SOM含量重心整体向西南偏移,陕南向西迁移,关中向东迁移,陕北向西南偏移;2017年SOM含量空间变异主导驱动因子为土壤全氮含量(q为0.74);2007—2017年间,土壤全氮含量、年平均气温、机械总动力对SOM含量空间变异的驱动力提升较大;2007—2017年,自然与人文因素共同驱动SOM含量时空变异,但人类活动对两因素均具有重要影响。