淀粉/甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸丁酯接枝共聚物的合成及结构表征

以过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用固相法合成了玉米淀粉/甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸丁酯接枝共聚物,并利用傅立叶变换红外光谱（Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR）,热分析（Differential scanning calorimetry,DSC）,射线衍射（X-ray diffraction,XRD）,扫描电镜（Scanning electron microscope,SEM）和凝胶渗透色谱（Gel per-meation chromatography,GPC）等手段对所制备的淀粉接枝共聚物进行了表征.结果表明,接枝改性不仅在一定程度上破坏了玉米淀粉的结晶,导致结晶度降低,同时也改变了淀粉原有的聚集形态;淀粉接枝共聚物的接枝侧链主要由聚合度为1 350~2 350的甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸丁酯共聚物组成,相对分子质量主要分布在20~36万之间.     

利用大豆秸秆制备农用保水剂及其保水性能研究

利用改性大豆秸秆(CMSS)与丙烯酸(AA)接枝共聚制备出新型农用保水剂(AWRA),采用正交优化设计及单因素试验确定合成条件中各因素的最佳水平;最佳条件下合成的保水剂,对自来水吸水率达427 g/g;对秸秆改性前后及接枝产物进行红外图谱分析,发现AA和CMSS纤维接枝共聚良好;通过模拟土壤柱法研究了保水剂对土壤的保水性能,结果表明,保水剂能显著抑制土壤水分的损失,抑制作用随保水剂施用量的增加而增强。     

野山楂作砧嫁接山楂初报

以野山楂根蘖苗作砧,“大金星”作接穗,进行嫁接试验。结果表明:无论采用枝接或芽接,均能成活、成苗。其中,早春切接,成活率达91.6％,成苗率86.0％;秋季芽接,成活率为80.0％,成苗率50.0％.     

A comparison of some methods for detecting potato leaf roll virus in potato tubers in Israel

Summary The results obtained by four methods for detecting PLRV in potato tubers grown in Israel were compared with the results obtained by aphid transmission to test plants. The correlation coefficients for potatoes lifted in July (seed for autumn) and September (seed for spring) were: Igel-Lange test, 0.18 and 0.25; datura grafting with tuber sprouts, 0.71 and 0.63; aphid transmission from sprouts to test plants, 0.89 and 0.81; and visual assessment in the Florida test (for spring seed), Up-to-Date 0.58, Blanka 0.67 and Désirée 0.33. The Igel-Lange test proved unreliable; datura grafting is time consuming and PLRV symptoms were similar to reactions ofDatura stramonium to wounding and to stress. The results of the Florida test were somewhat variable and were obtained too late. The sprout test was deemed the most suitable as it is accurate and the results can be obtained within two months. Contribution No 156-E, 1979 series, Volcani Center.     

A Preliminary Study on Physiological and Molecular Effects of Iron Deficiency in Fuji/Chistock 1

In order to get experimental data on apple rootstock with iron-efficient genotypes capable of improving scion resistance to iron deficiency, this experiment was conducted on the physiological and molecular characteristics of Fuji/ Chistock 1 (F/C) under different iron conditions and compared it to Fuji/ M. Baccata (F/B). F/C was less sensitive to iron deficiency than F/B. F/B showed chlorosis after 25 days under iron-deficient conditions, but F/C showed no phenotypic changes, even after 40 days. The shoot and leaf area growth of F/C were respectively 5cm and 1000 mm² higher than those of F/B, regardless of the iron-deficient or iron-efficient conditions. The young leaf chlorophyll and active iron of F/C were 5 SPAD and 5 mg kg^?1 higher than those of F/B, either in iron-deficient or iron-efficient conditions. The expression of YSL5 and CS1 showed the same pattern. The enhancement expression of iron transport genes may be one explanation for these findings.     

Synthesis and hydrophilicity of poly(trimethylene 2,6-naphthalate)/poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers

Poly(trimethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PTN)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) copolymers were synthesized by the two-step melt copolymerization process of dimethyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate (2,6-NDC) with 1,3-propanediol (PD) and PEG. The copolymers produced had different PEG molecular weights and contents. The structure, thermal property, and hydrophilicity of these copolymers were studied by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and by contact angle, moisture content, and instantaneous elastic recovery measurements. The intrinsic viscosity and the instantaneous elastic recovery of the PTN/PEG copolymers increased with increasing PEG molecular weight and content, whereas the glass transition, melting, and cold crystallization temperatures, and the heat of fusion of the PTN/PEG copolymers all decreased with increasing PEG molecular weight or content. The thermal stability of the copolymers was not affected by PEG molecular weight or content. The hydrophilicity, as determined by contact angle and moisture content measurements of the copolymer films, was significantly improved with increasing PEG molecular weight and content.     

Influence of phosphate-buffered sucrose solution on early graft function in feline renal autotransplantation

Graft perfusion with cold heparinized saline has known to induce ischemia and reperfusion injury in feline kidney transplantation. In this study, the effects of phosphate-buffered sucrose solution and heparinized saline solution on early kidney graft function were compared in feline kidney autotransplantation. Perfusion of grafts with or without hypothermic storage with chilled phosphate-buffered sucrose solution prevented ischemia and reperfusion injury despite a very short ischemic time. The results of our study suggest that phosphate-buffered sucrose perfusion and storage solution should be effective to reduce ischemia and reperfusion injury despite a very short ischemic time in feline kidney transplantation.     

常规灌溉条件下自根和嫁接黄瓜灌溉水分配的研究

研究了常规灌溉条件下,日光温室冬春茬和秋冬茬生产中,嫁接和自根黄瓜灌溉水分配状况。结果表明,二茬口试验中灌溉水分配量顺序均为土壤渗漏>植株蒸腾>土壤蒸发>土层贮水。其中,冬春茬灌溉水的分配比例为土壤渗漏44.3%、植株蒸腾35.4%、土壤蒸发15.7%、土层贮水4.6%;秋冬茬灌溉水分配比例为土壤渗漏49.6%、植株蒸腾29.7%、土壤蒸发13.9%、土层贮水6.8%。受根系分布状况和温室光温条件的影响,冬春茬土壤渗漏的比例低于秋冬茬,植株蒸腾与土壤蒸发的比例高于秋冬茬。冬春茬和秋冬茬嫁接黄瓜与自根黄瓜相比,土壤渗漏量分别低8.4%和3.4%,土壤蒸发量分别低12.0%和1.0%,蒸腾量分别高15.3%和4.0%,因此嫁接是一种有效的节水措施。     

不同砧木对藤稔葡萄生长和果实品质的影响

以少毛变叶191、耐碱性Ln33、巨峰为砧木,藤稔为接穗,研究了砧木对藤稔葡萄生长及果实品质的影响.结果表明:以少毛变叶191为砧木的伤流液数量、叶绿素含量和果实生长量均显著高于藤稔自根苗,以Ln33为砧木的穗质量、粒质量、可溶性总糖含量和总有机酸含量均高于自根苗和其它砧-穗组合;以巨峰为砧木的叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性均低于藤稔自根苗,且不能正常生长和结果.嫁接对超氧化物歧化酶活性影响均不显著.据此认为,西北地区藤稔嫁接树适用砧木品种首选少毛变叶191,巨峰砧不宜在藤稔上应用.     

紫外光接枝改性木塑复合材料的表面抑菌性1）

以二苯甲酮为光敏剂,通过紫外光辐照引发,将N,N－二甲基十四烷基对乙烯基苄基氯化铵（ C9 H9 Cl－14DMA）单体接枝在含有乙烯基的木塑复合材料（ WPC）表面,赋予WPC表面抗菌功能。利用XPS光电子能谱和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对WPC的表面化学组成和形貌结构进行表征,采用抑菌圈法对大肠杆菌进行抑菌活性研究。探讨了单体质量浓度、光敏剂质量浓度、光照时间对接枝率的影响。结果表明,最优的接枝条件为：光敏剂质量浓度0．150 g/mL、单体质量浓度0．800 g/mL、光照时间3 min,接枝率为62．5μg/mm2,接枝后的WPC表面具有良好的抑菌性能。