高等级公路建设测量监理工程师的素质与职责

本文叙述了高等级公路建设过程中测量监理工程师的职责、作用、应具备的素质，说明了测量监理的工作流程，具有参考价值。     

哈东路立交桥方案比选

哈东路立交桥是哈尔滨三环路快速路与哈东路立交,其功能及地理位置十分重要。为使该立交交通功能强及经济合理,从交通量分析、立交设计构思等方面提出3个方案,经技术经济综合比较后,提出推荐方案。     

Nitrification and denitrification in subalpine coniferous forests of different restoration stages in western Sichuan, China

Nitrification is the biological conversion of organic or inorganic nitrogen compounds from a reduced to a more oxidized state. Denitrification is generally referred to as the microbial reduction of nitrate to nitrite and further gaseous forms of nitric oxide, nitrous oxide and molecular nitrogen. They are functionally interconnected processes in the soil nitrogen cycle that are involved in the control of long-term nitrogen losses in ecosystems through nitrate leaching and gaseous N losses. In order to better understand how nitrification and denitrification change during the process of ecosystem restoration and how they are affected by various controlling factors, gross nitrification rates and denitrification rates were determined using the barometric process separation (BaPS) technique in subalpine coniferous forests of different restoration stages. The results showed that forest restoration stage had no significant effects on gross nitrification rates or denitrification rates (One-way ANOVA (analysis of variance), p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the temperature coefficient (Q ₁₀) for gross nitrification rate among all the forest sites (One-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). Gross nitrification rates were positively correlated with water content (p < 0.05), but not with soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, or C/N ratios. Denitrification rates in all the forest soils were low and not closely correlated with water content, soil pH, organic matter, or total nitrogen. Nevertheless, we found that C/N ratios obviously affected denitrification rates (p < 0.05). Results from this research suggest that gross nitrification is more responsible for the nitrogen loss from soils compared with denitrification. Translated from Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(1): 90–96 [译自: 植物生态学报]     

巴山松优良单株选择和等级划分

采用3株大树法,在优良林分中选择优良单株67株,以材积为主,附加形率、树冠因素,分级评分,按总分值将优树划分为五个等级。     

木聚糖酶解反应与膜分离技术研究

过程耦合是应用技术领域研究的热点之一 ,膜及膜分离技术的开发促进了过程耦合技术的发展。如膜超滤、膜萃取、膜蒸馏、渗透蒸发。在超滤膜反应器中木聚糖酶解制备低聚木糖的条件 :酶体积用量1 0 % ,木聚糖质量浓度 3 0 .0 g/L ,稀释率 1h-1,pH值 5 .0 ,反应温度 48℃ ,酶解时间 1 3 5min。在该条件下 ,低聚木糖得率、木糖得率、低聚木糖生产能力及低聚木糖与总糖之比分别为 2 8.5 % ,4.1 % ,3 .80g/ (L·h)和0 .87,并比较了分批加料、浓缩酶、常规反应器中酶解反应效果 ,浓缩木聚糖酶酶解结果表明 :木糖得率很低(0 .2 % ) ,低聚木糖得率为 3 5 .9%。     

25种杨树感发烂皮病程度的研究

通过对14年生杨树评比林的调查,将25种杨树的烂皮病发生程度分成5级,其中Ⅴ级最重,从而明确了各杨树品种感发烂皮病的程度,筛选出71107、742407、银中杨、DN113等为不易感发烂皮病的杨树品种。     

小区庭院道路照明设计

本文介绍了小区道路照明设计特点，并就设计中遇到的照明控制问题进行了探讨。     

紫云县不同石漠化阶段土地防治措施的有效性分析

用层次分析法研究紫云县不同等级石漠化土地防治措施的有效性发现:不同等级石漠化土地对总体目标的有效性排序是:轻度石漠化(B1)中度石漠化(B2)重度石漠化(B3)极重度石漠化(B4);在轻度石漠化和中度石漠化下,各项治理措施的有效性排序是:弃耕还林草(C2)封育保护(C1)合理轮牧(C3)防治水土流失(C4);在重度石漠化和极重度石漠化下,各项治理措施的有效性排序是:防治水土流失(C4)封育保护(C1)合理轮牧(C3)弃耕还林草(C2);层次单排序和层次总排序一致性检验系数都0.1,表明具有满意的一致性。     

TRIZ辅助马铃薯收获机薯土分离输送装置创新设计

针对马铃薯收获机薯土分离输送装置存在薯土分离不充分、伤薯率高等问题,应用TRIZ理论对薯土分离输送装置进行创新设计;基于系统功能分析识别薯土分离输送装置的功能缺陷,应用物场模型、技术矛盾、物理矛盾等TRIZ工具求解创新方案,设计一种具有双抖动单元和降运抖动筛面的薯土分离输送装置。基于输送筛面上薯土秧混合物的力学分析,确定筛面倾角范围为β≤32°;结合理论分析和生产实际确定一阶升运筛面倾角为20°、二阶升运筛面倾角为16°、降运抖动筛面倾角10°、抖动单元振幅为21 mm、分离筛杆条间距为50 mm、各阶筛面输送有效长度分别为450 mm、600 mm、1 000 mm 和100 mm。通过升运分离筛和降运分离筛抖动筛面的运动学分析对比,验证创新方案的合理性。     

云南半细毛羊毛囊干细胞无血清培养体系的建立

试验旨在研究云南半细毛羊毛囊干细胞（hair follicle stem cells,HFSCs）的分离、培养及鉴定方法,为下一步的诱导分化研究奠定基础。方法：采用组织块法原代培养云南半细毛羊HFSCs。并对分离得到的细胞进行免疫组化鉴定。培养结果：HFSCs为贴壁生长细胞,体积小,核质比高,呈典型的铺路石状,在显微镜下折光性强、胞体透亮。免疫组化分析结果表明：细胞表达K14、不表达CD271。证明所培养的细胞为HFSCs。结论：试验采用组织块培养法初步建立了云南半细毛羊无血清培养HFSCs,这对于探讨云南半细毛羊毛囊生长发育调控机制以及成体干细胞增殖分化特性具有非常重要的意义。