湿法机械处理改善粘胶级竹溶解浆反应性能的研究

为提高溶解浆进行粘胶纤维产品生产的加工性能及减少二硫化碳的排放,采用PFI（papirindustriens forsknings institut）磨打浆和瓦利打浆机打浆这2种湿法机械处理,以改善竹溶解浆的反应性能。以预水解硫酸盐法竹溶解浆为原料,考察PFI磨打浆及瓦利打浆机打浆对溶解浆反应性能及纤维形态的影响,并对同等打浆度条件下的2种湿法机械处理的效果进行比较。PFI磨和瓦利打浆机分别在打浆度为60.5°SR（15 000 r）及36.4°SR（30 min）的优化工艺条件下,Fock反应性能从68.3%分别提高到73.2%和84.0%,粘胶过滤性能由“不通过”到粘胶过滤值分别为3 196.1 s和2 115.6 s。同时,上述2种处理方式均使纤维粗度和长度下降,细小纤维含量、比表面积和总孔隙量增加,且使聚合度损失小。同等打浆度条件下,基于瓦利打浆机对纤维更多的剪切行为,瓦利打浆机打浆对反应性能的提高效果更为显著。     

浑善达克沙地公路综合防护技术及其效益分析

浑善达克沙地省际通道综合防护体系包括:公路沙害快速治理和沙源控制技术及耐风沙植被建植技术。阻沙带、固沙带改变了风沙流结构,降低了输沙强度,增加了地表粗糙度,有效的起到了削弱风速,阻截流沙,控制沙丘前移,保持地表稳定的作用;建立稳定的耐风沙植被是持久固沙和生物防护的核心;首次大规模使用“固沙网”专利技术产品用于公路快速固沙保苗,实践证明采用固沙网与柳条立式沙障的组合固沙技术对于快速固沙和植被恢复的作用更加显著;并提出了公路沙害快速治理技术体系与配套的技术措施。项目实施过程中3年投入产出比为1∶2.6,通过公路沙害治理工程的实施,稳定防护10年的经济总收益为4.67亿元;如将挖方路堑段砂质陡坡用植物固沙措施代替传统石砌护面墙技术推广至其它工程,效益更为显著。该项目技术研究与工程建设紧密结合,操作性强,能快速有效治理荒漠化地区公路沙害,总结出了沙区公路、铁路沙害的治理模式,对于我国荒漠化治理有推广应用价值。     

准噶尔盆地南部农区野生饲用植物资源研究

为了解准噶尔盆地南部农区野生饲用植物资源,调查研究了该区域野生饲用植物的科属组成及其生活型和生态型特点,并对其适口性和营养价值进行了分析。结果表明：该区共有野生饲用植物34科145属214种,优势科有禾本科(38属71种)、藜科(18属22种)、菊科(15属21种)、豆科(14属19种)、苋科(8属11种)、十字花科(8属10种);生活型植物以草本植物(1～2年生124种,多年生62种)为主,占86.92%,木本植物有28种,占13.08%;生态型植物以中生为主(183种)。依据适口性可将该区野生饲用植物划分为优、良、中、低4个等级,其中优等95种、良等77种、中等36种、低等6种。营养成分丰富且适口性较好的饲用植物主要集中在禾本科(21种)、豆科(17种)和藜科(13种)。     

水生栖热菌FL-03海藻糖合酶的分离纯化及特性研究

将从水生栖热菌FL-03中获得的海藻糖合酶粗酶液经硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE Sepharose CL-6B离子交换层析S、ephacryl S-200HR凝胶过滤层析后,纯化68.48倍,产率为18.4%。研究表明:该酶分子量约为101 kD,最适反应温度为60℃,最适pH为7.0,在40~80℃、pH 6.0~9.0范围内具有较高的反应活性和稳定性。Fe3 对该酶具有一定的激活作用,Cu2 、Tris、Zn2 对该酶具有较强的抑制作用。该酶具有高度的底物特异性,只能专一地将麦芽糖转化为海藻糖。在40℃4、8 h条件下,麦芽糖转化为海藻糖的转化率最大可达到79%。     

Screening of Feather Degrading Bacteria and Optimization of Fer-mentation Conditions from Poultry

The purpose of this experiment was to isolate and screen the microorganisms from the soil where chicken feathers were piled for a long time and identify them bi...     

电子鼻在中华绒螯蟹产地鉴别及等级评定上的应用

采用电子鼻对阳澄湖、松江、崇明的不同等级中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)各可食部位香气轮廓进行了检测。特级、1级、2级阳澄湖中华绒螯蟹体肉、钳肉、足肉、性腺4部位香气轮廓区分显著。采用软独立建模的方法, 分别建立了基于单部位及联合多部位的阳澄湖中华绒螯蟹产地鉴别模型, 结果表明应用联合多部位模型, 对非阳澄湖蟹的识别率达到100%。采用偏最小二乘回归法建立了电子鼻响应信号与中华绒螯蟹等级评分的回归模型, 相关系数为0.96, 表明基于此模型可判定中华绒螯蟹蟹样等级。

     

马氏珠母贝蛋白的分离及分子量分布研究

试验结果表明,马氏珠母贝全脏器各分离蛋白组分占总蛋白含量分别为:非蛋白氮1.48%,肌浆蛋白33.20%,肌原纤维蛋白13.14%,碱溶性蛋白21.54%,基质蛋白30.65%;贝肌肉各分离蛋白组分占总蛋白含量分别为:非蛋白氮0.83%,肌浆蛋白26.56%,肌原纤维蛋白18.48%,碱溶性蛋白30.34%,基质蛋白23.79%;马氏珠母贝蛋白氨基酸组成均衡,呈味氨基酸及支链氨基酸含量高,但在各蛋白组分中的含量存在一定差异性.利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)测定的分子量分布结果显示,2种原料蛋白的肌浆蛋白分子量分布范围较宽,集中在200～19 kDa,肌原纤维蛋白分子量分布集中在200～45 kDa,碱溶性蛋白集中分布在41～3 kDa.     

Performance of a closed recirculating system with foam separation, nitrification and denitrification units for intensive culture of eel: towards zero emission

The development of a closed recirculating aquaculture system that does not discharge effluents would reduce a large amount of pollutant load on aquatic bodies. In this study, eel were reared in a closed recirculating system, which consisted of a rearing tank, a foam separation unit, a nitrification unit and a denitrification unit. The foam separation unit has an inhalation-type aerator and supplies air bubbles to the rearing water. The growth of eel, which were fed a commercial diet, was satisfactory, with gross weight increases of up three times in 3 months. The survival rate under the congested experimental conditions was 91%. The foam separation unit maintained oxygen saturation in the rearing water at about 80%. Furthermore, fine colloidal substances were absorbed on the stable foam formed from eel mucus and were removed from the rearing water by foam separation. Ammonia oxidation and the removal of suspended solids were accomplished rapidly and simultaneously in the nitrification unit. The ammonia concentration and turbidity were kept at less than 1.2 mg of N per litre and 2.5 units, respectively. When the denitrification process was operated, nitrate that accumulated in the rearing water (151 mg of N per litre) was reduced to 40 mg of N per litre. The sludge was easily recovered from the nitrification and denitrification tanks, and the components were found suitable as compost. Based on these results, the intensive aquaculture of freshwater fish such as eel can be achieved using a closed recirculating system without emission.     

Functional characterization of Farfantepenaeus californiensis, Litopenaeus vannamei and L. stylirostris haemocyte separated using density gradient centrifugation

Haemocytes from penaeid shrimp (Farfantepenaeus californiensis, Litopenaeus vannamei and L. stylirostris) were separated using a discontinuous Percoll gradient. Shrimp haemocytes were spontaneously adhered to glass, allowing slide preparations for staining and microscopic differential counting. Like other crustaceans, shrimp has three main populations differing in presence and size of cytoplasmic granules and each population seems to be biochemical or functionally compromised. Prophenoloxidase (proPO )activity was mainly located in large granules haemocytes (75%) while the small granules cells participate with 25%, but seem to be responsible for encapsulation. Haemocyte discrimination ability was tested using Sephadex? (Seph?), DEAE‐Seph? and CM‐Seph?. Only DEAE‐Seph? was encapsulated by shrimp haemocytes and provoked the release of proPO activating system, indicating the role of particle charge in the activation of shrimp immune response.     

割前摘脱联合收获机惯性沉降分离室能耗研究

4ZTL-1800割前摘脱稻(麦)联合收获机采用惯性沉降分离室来实现谷物与气流的分离。目前对惯性沉降分离室内气体的流动特性、压力损失特性及其受结构参数的影响规律等研究还未见研究报道。为此,建立了惯性沉降分离室内气相守恒方程,在此基础上应用Fluent软件对分离室结构参数对其压力损失的影响规律进行了数值模拟计算,得到了结构参数对压力损失的影响规律。经实验验证表明,模拟值与试验值基本吻合,研究结果为进一步优化惯性沉降分离室的结构、减小体积和降低压力损失提供了理论依据。