禽大肠杆菌巴氏杆菌融合二联弱毒菌株F4安全性免疫原性研究

用禽巴氏杆菌C48-1(5∶A)禽大肠杆菌O78的原生质体融合二联弱毒株F4的37℃24h马丁肉汤培养物,以3.45×109～6.90×1010CFU/只的4种不同剂量,分别肌肉注射接种5～40日龄粤黄鸡共216只,观察14d,结果表明F4株对20日龄以上的鸡安全性达100%。F4株的培养物肌注鸡体后4h从肝脏分离,如此连续通过粤黄鸡10代的试验表明,F4株的毒力是稳定的。以F4株的培养物3.45×109CFU/只肌注免疫200只20日龄粤黄鸡,免疫后第14天起每隔2周、直至第12周分别以C48-1、O78标准强毒菌的3×LD50剂量攻击;同时分别制备O78菌的超声粉碎抗原、菌体抗原、荚膜多糖抗原,C48-1菌的超声粉碎抗原、热稳定抗原、荚膜多糖抗原,建立检测血清中抗O78、C48-1的ELISA方法;免疫后每隔1周分别检测免疫鸡血清中的O78、C48-1IgG效价,直至免疫后84d。结果表明:F4株免疫后对O78的免疫保护率为14d50%、28d70%、42d65%、56d50%、84d35%,对C48-1的免疫保护率为14d25%、28d40%、42d75%、56d50%、84d30%。免疫鸡血清中抗O78、抗C48-1的IgG消长曲线均与免疫保护曲线相一致。     

Gene expression of fatty acid-binding proteins, fatty acid transport proteins (cd36 and FATP) and β-oxidation-related genes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed fish oil or vegetable oil

Relative gene expression pattern of fatty acid transport proteins (FATP and cd36), intracellular fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP3, FABP10 and FABP11), β-oxidation-related genes [carnitine palmitoyl transferase II (CPTII), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β (PPARβ), acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX), long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (FACS), acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (dehydrogenase)] and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) was assessed by RT-qPCR in Atlantic salmon muscle (red and white), liver, heart, myosepta and visceral fat. FABP11, a FABP isoform not previously described in Atlantic salmon, was highly expressed in visceral fat and myosepta and at the lower level in red muscle, white muscle, myosepta and heart. Furthermore, Atlantic salmon were fed either a diet containing fish oil (FO) or a complete replacement of FO with a vegetable oil blend (55% rapeseed oil, 30% palm oil and 15% linseed oil; VO) for the production cycle (27 months from start of feeding and until ∼4.5 kg mean weight). The expression of genes related to β-oxidation, fatty acid uptake and transport in the white muscle indicate ( n  = 3) significant down-regulation in VO fed Atlantic salmon and correlated with previously reported white muscle triacylglycerol stores and β-oxidation. FABP11 in visceral fat and myosepta was also down-regulated in VO fed fish.     

CdS纳米颗粒的合成、表面修饰及光学特性研究

用一步室温固相化学反应法合成CdS纳米颗粒，并以氨催化水解法对其表面进行了修饰，得到了具有CdS／SiO2核／壳结构的纳米微球，以透射电子显微镜和X-射线衍射仪对其结构和物相进行了表征，并研究了其光致发射光谱的性质，研究结果表明：固相反应完全，产物为纯相CdS，室温固相化学反应法避免了传统湿法存在的团聚现象的缺点，具有产率高、无污染、节能等优点；而且CdS纳米颗粒表面经SiO2修饰后，其带边发射显增强，缺陷发射减弱，且在一定范围内随着SiO2包覆层厚度的增加，荧光强度增加。     

重金属Cu~(2+)在黄鳝体内蓄积的研究

采用原子吸收分光光度法,分别测定了Cu2+及与表面活性剂AE、LAS参与下Cu2+在黄鳝体内肝脏、肌肉和性腺等不同组织部位中的蓄积量。实验结果表明:Cu2+在鱼体内的蓄积量与组织的类型、表面活性剂以及处理时间、Cu2+浓度等因素有关;同等条件下,Cu2+在3种组织器官中蓄积量的大小顺序为:肝脏>肌肉>性腺;鱼类对水相Cu2+的吸收符合简单的线性关系,且在一定范围内的蓄积量与处理液中Cu2+浓度、培养时间均成正比;表面活性剂LAS和AE对鱼类有较强的毒性作用,亦可使鱼体对Cu2+的吸收量产生一定的阻碍作用。     

2-乙酰基环己酮的合成与表征

研究了2-乙酰基环己酮的合成方法，结果表明，环己酮和吗啡啉以有机溶剂甲苯为共沸剂，以对甲笨磺酸为催化剂，进行缩合反应生成烯胺，然后加入缚酸剂三乙胺，滴加乙酰氯和有机溶剂的混合物，烯胺与乙酰氯发生亲核加成反应，生成亚胺正离子，最后加入浓盐酸对亚胺正离子进行水解，可生成研究产物2-乙酰基环己酮。产物结构经红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱分析验证与目标化合物的结构一致。     

猪圆环病毒2型感染细胞凋亡研究进展

细胞凋亡是多种因素调节的细胞主动死亡过程,细胞凋亡的两条主要通路分别是死亡受体介导的凋亡途径和线粒体凋亡途径,但它们共同的凋亡效应物为胱冬酶;理化因素如放射线、紫外线和高温等及生物学因素如基因表达产物、酶和细胞因子等都影响细胞的凋亡。肿瘤坏死因子和胱冬酶在猪圆环病毒2型感染细胞凋亡中起着非常重要的作用;p53诱导环-H2J、un氨基端激酶,NF-κB等均参与细胞凋亡。生产中,可采用猪圆环病毒2型疫苗免疫,干扰RNA的使用和减少应激等措施降低PCV-2感染,抑制细胞凋亡。     

2—氯对苯醌合成新工艺的研究

以邻氯苯胺为原料，重铬酸钠为氧化剂合成２－氯对苯醌，进一步探索了反应机理，优选了反应工艺条件，产品得率达到６８．７％；同时对废液的回收利用提出了技术、经济上可行的办法。     

基于P2P流媒体的校园VOD系统的设计与实现

本文在分析VOD视频点播系统的相关技术,如流媒体技术、应用层组播技术和P2P技术的基础上,并结合高等院校的实际情况,设计了基于P2P流媒体的校园VOD系统。本文设计的基于网络的交互式VOD视频点播系统采用应用组播的工作方式,视频文件采用RMVB等流媒体文件格式。在分析了校园VOD系统的现状以及对系统进行了需求分析的前提下,对校园VOD系统的各个功能模块进行了详细设计。     

Soil CO2 evolution from Korean pine virgin forest at Changbai Mountain

The soil CO₂ evolution rate was measured in a virgin Korean pine forest. The results in June showed that the lowest value of evolution rate was 220 mg/(m²·h) and appeared at 6:00 a.m. The highest value was 460 mg/(m²·h) at 18:00. The rates of CO₂ evolution were related with soil temperature. On the basis of the constructed regression equation and the monthly average values of temperature, the magnitude of CO₂ evolution from Korean pine forest soil was 10.4 t/hm² during a growing season. This project was funded by the Opened Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong