油茶鲜果剥壳机机械设计原理

通过对油茶果的特性分析,并根据油茶果壳为木质化特点,当油茶果进入剥壳区域后机器对其进行柔性挤压,从而达到壳、籽分离的目地.本文中提出的油茶剥壳机的生产能力和技术参数,通过试验样机的验证可以满足实际生产及后续加工要求.     

山杏果的表型多样性研究

以山杏果为研究对象,在山杏的主要分布区庆阳地区,调查了138株山杏果实的7个表型性状.利用方差分析和变异系数研究了其在此分布区内的变异情况.方差分析结果表明,山杏果各表型性状的差异都极显著.变异系数分析结果表明：试验区内山杏果的单果质量、单果大小、单核质量、果肉厚、单仁质量、出核率及出仁率7个表型性状在不同个体之间存在着较大的变异幅度,但各指标的变异幅度不一致,表型性状变异系数从大到小依次为单果大小、单果质量、单核质量、出核率、单仁质量、果肉厚、出仁率.     

火龙果黑斑病菌[Bipolaris cactivora（Petrak）Alcorn]生物学特性研究

为了明确分离自火龙果黑斑病的病原种类、生物学特性及防治方法,对该病菌进行了种类鉴定、生物学特性研究以及室内药剂筛选。结果表明,引起该火龙果病害的病原菌为仙人掌平脐蠕孢[Bipolaris cactivora（Petrak）Alcorn]。该病菌菌丝生长最适温度是30 ℃,产孢最适温度20 ℃。菌丝生长最适pH为5,产孢最适pH8。光照对菌丝生长无显著影响,黑暗条件有利于产孢。菌丝生长最佳碳源是葡萄糖和D-果糖,产孢最佳碳源为甘露醇。菌丝生长和产孢的最佳氮源均为蛋白胨,菌丝致死温度为70 ℃,10 min。     

Digestive efficiency of indigenous and invasive avian species fed fruit of invasive alien plants in South Africa

Many highly invasive plant species produce fleshy fruit that are consumed and dispersed by frugivorous birds. However, little is known about assimilation efficiency of invasive fruit by indigenous and invasive avian species. We investigated whether indigenous Knysna (Tauraco corythaix) and Purple-crested (Gallirex porphyreolophus) Turacos and invasive alien Rose-ringed Parakeets (Psittacula krameri) met their energy demands when fed fruits of four fleshy- fruited invasive alien plant species: Solanum mauritianum, Cinnamomum camphora, Psidium guajava and Morus alba. Birds were fed single-fruit diets for two consecutive days and energetic parameters were calculated for all fruit diets. Our results showed that generally both invasive and indigenous avian species managed to gain their daily energy requirements from fruits of the four respective invasive plants, suggesting that they can meet their energetic demands by feeding on them only. The exception was P. krameri, which did not feed on S. mauritianum fruit. These findings may explain why fruits of invasive alien plants are attractive to most avian frugivores and highlight the role of avian frugivores in their dispersal.     

贵州省古银杏资源的分布及生长特征研究

2011年8月通过访谈、查阅文献资料与实地调查,对贵州省古银杏资源的分布及生长特征进行分析。结果表明,贵州省100～4000年生古银杏共有1969株,主要分布于遵义市和六盘水市;垂直分布海拔为300～1700m,集中分布800—1100m。其中75．96％为雌株,24．04％为雄株,雌雄比为3．16：1;树高最高为50．0m,最矮为2．0m;树龄最大为4000年,最小为100年;胸径最大为479cm,最小为26cm;其平均冠幅最大为40．0m,最小为1．0m。垂乳银杏有88株,复干银杏有35株,雌雄同株仅1株。     

Snow gliding and loading under two different forest stands: a case study in the north-western Italian Alps

The presence of a thick snowpack could interfere with forest stability, especially on steep slopes with potential damages for young and old stands. The study of snow gliding in forests is rather comple...     

提高大树进城移栽成活的关键技术——以峡江县城区绿化建设为例

主要分析影响大树移栽成活率因素,从起苗、包装、栽植、树体管理、施肥、修剪等环节提出具体的技术措施,并详述大树移植技术要点和栽植后树体养护管理措施,有利于提高大树移植成活率。     

黑龙江省主要观花观果乔木树种资源调查及其应用

通过查阅相关文献、野外调查、城市走访等方式,收集整理了黑龙江省主要观花观果乔木22种,简述了它们的形态特征,生态习性,园林应用方式等,并探讨了黑龙江省观赏乔木的发展前景,以期为黑龙江省观赏乔木的进一步研究和应用提供依据。     

Anthropogenic Influences on Wild Nutmeg Fruit Crop in the Western Ghats of India

Myristica dactyloides is characteristic of the mid- and high-elevation evergreen forests of the Western Ghats of India. Aril and seeds of the species are valuable nontimber forest products and are harvested extensively. We made visual estimates of fruit crop size in nine populations. We assessed disturbance using five variables: distance from road, method of harvesting fruits, nonforest matrix around the population, seedling regeneration, and protected area status. Unsustainable harvest and proximity to road impacted fruit crop, as did the nonforest matrix (F = 38.17 df = 5,102, p < .001). While high protection and measures against harvesting keep some populations safe, the harvest method plays a crucial role in determining total fruit production and seedling recruitment in the species.     

Retained Woody Structure in 1- to 2-Year-Old Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Plantations in Mississippi,Louisiana, and Arkansas: Implications for Wildlife Conservation

Information regarding how site preparation techniques affect residual woody structure is lacking for the southern United States in spite of the importance of such structure for many wildlife species. Therefore, we documented retained structure in young loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations established using four common site preparation regimes: mechanical only, chemical only, chemical + mechanical, or chemical + prescribed burning. Herbicides reduced live tree density and increased snag density relative to mechanical methods. Prescribed burning reduced density of coarse woody debris (CWD) along with density and volume of piled CWD relative to chemical and mechanical methods. Our results provide a baseline for further studies of wildlife and retained structure in southern pine forests.