对贵州省种业发展的思考

简述了国内外种业发展趋势,分析贵州种业现状和存在的问题,并提出种业发展对策,以促进贵州种业发展。     

新形势下林地资源管理现状与对策

本文深刻分析了当前安徽省林地资源管理工作中面临的主要五大问题,针对性地提出了加强林地资源管理的七大对策和建议,旨在更好地保护林地资源,维护区域生态平衡,促进地方经济持续发展。     

解析胡适译作《老洛伯》的文本功能及翻译策略*

胡适译作《老洛伯》发表于胡适提倡白话文学,建设中国新文学的大时代背景下,它不仅是白话诗歌的范本,还是悲剧叙事诗的范本,具备多重文本功能。因此,在翻译策略上来说,既忠实于原文,又有所创新。译作从形式上忠实于原作文学体裁,遵从原作叙事风格和情节安排;同时,打破原作的韵律节奏,突出故事的悲剧性。     

The behavioural dynamics of fishers: management implications

In pursuing their livelihood, fishers develop strategies when faced with changes in regulations and other fishery conditions. Changes involve each individual in a decision‐making process governed by his/her own goals or constraints. Despite this reality, the complex dynamics of fishing has usually been ignored in designing management initiatives, which has contributed to management failures in many parts of the world. Fishers have generally been treated as fixed elements, with no consideration of individual attitudes based on their operating scales (geographical, ecological, social and economic) and personal goals. We review existing research on the social, economic and behavioural dynamics of fishing to provide insight into fisher behaviour and its implications for fisheries management. Emphasis is placed on fisher perception, and how fishers develop dynamic fishing tactics and strategies as an adaptive response to changes in resource abundance, environmental conditions and market or regulatory constraints. We conclude that knowledge of these dynamics is essential for effective management, and we discuss how such information can be collected, analysed and integrated into fisheries assessment and management. Particular emphasis is placed on small‐scale fisheries, but some examples from industrial fleets are provided to highlight similar issues in different types of fisheries.     

Human-driven impacts on marine habitats: A regional meta-analysis in the Mediterranean Sea

Habitat destruction is one of the main threats to environmental integrity. Assessing the consequences of human impacts is crucial both to predict and prevent structural and functional changes of habitats. However, to date almost all studies on marine threats, from regional to global scales, have been entirely qualitative and generally based on little more than expert opinion. We have developed a meta-analytical approach to quantify overall effects of various stressors on different Mediterranean habitat types and to compare the relative importance of different impacts across a range of habitats. We first qualitatively reviewed and synthesized 366 experiments (either manipulative or correlative) collected in the literature. After a selection procedure, we finally quantitatively meta-analyzed 158 experiments. We showed that fisheries (destructive or not), species invasion, aquaculture, sedimentation increase, water degradation and urbanization have negative effects on Mediterranean habitats and associated species assemblages. We also explored the overlap between the impacts identified as important in the Mediterranean and those identified by experts as being important globally, highlighting the inadequacies of relying on expert opinion alone. Finally, we drew attention to the critical lack of empirical knowledge about marine systems in many areas of the Mediterranean, which impedes the implementation of effective conservation measures. Our study is the first to synthesize experimental analyses on human-driven impacts on marine habitats across such a broad geographic scale.     

草坪绿地在城市园林绿化中的现状与发展对策

分析了草坪绿地在我国城市园林绿化中所处的地位以及目前存在的一些主要问题，并针对这一现象，对如何建设和发展城市草坪绿地，建立园林城市提出了一些相应的对策和措施。     

果园割草机割茬高度机构运动分析与设计

生草制矮砧密植园苹果园草势生长状态可有效控制果园水分,协调果园微域环境。为此,利用数学模型分析了平行四杆机构的运动参数,确定了割茬高度调节手柄转动角度与割茬高度间对应的数学关系。分析表明,高度调节手柄转动角度α为-16.13°,-9.59°,-3.18°,3.18°,9.59°和16.13°等6个角度时,对应割茬高度为50,60,70,80,90,100mm,实现了割茬高度精确控制;同时,应用AIP软件创建割茬高度调整机构数字样机,满足割茬高度的有级调整要求。     

我国小城镇低碳经济发展的限制因素与解决策略

阐述了低碳经济的产生背景和我国低碳经济发展的必然性,在分析我国小城镇低碳经济发展的限制因素基础上,提出小城镇低碳经济今后发展的解决策略和建议。     

陕西苹果产业SWOT分析及发展策略

在分析陕西苹果产业的优势、劣势、机会、挑战的基础上,提出扩张发展型、竞争型、防御型、保守型4种战略方案。     

Can conservation tillage mitigate climate change impacts in Mediterranean cereal systems? A soil organic carbon assessment using long term experiments

Simulation models, informed and validated with datasets from long term experiments (LTEs), are considered useful tools to explore the effects of different management strategies on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics and evaluate suitable mitigative options for climate change. But, while there are several studies which assessed a better prediction of crop yields using an ensemble of models, no studies are currently available on the evaluation of a model ensemble on SOC stocks. In this study we assessed the advantages of using an ensemble of crop models (APSIM-NWheat, DSSAT, EPIC, SALUS), calibrated and validated with datasets from LTEs, to estimate SOC dynamics. Then we used the mean of the model ensemble to assess the impacts of climate change on SOC stocks under conventional (CT) and conservation tillage practices (NT: No Till; RT: Reduced Tillage). The assessment was completed for two long-term experiment sites (Agugliano – AN and Pisa – PI2 sites) in Italy under rainfed conditions. A durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) – maize (Zea mays L.) rotation system was evaluated under two different climate scenarios over the periods 1971–2000 (CP: Present Climate) and 2021–2050 (CF: Future Climate), generated by setting up a statistical model based on canonical correlation analysis. Our study showed a decrease of SOC stocks in both sites and tillage systems over CF when compared with CP. At the AN site, CT lost −7.3% and NT −7.9% of SOC stock (0–40 cm) under CF. At the PI2 site, CT lost −4.4% and RT −5.3% of SOC stocks (0–40 cm). Even if conservation tillage systems were more impacted under future scenarios, they were still able to store more SOC than CT, so that these practices can be considered viable options to mitigate climate change. Furthermore, at the AN site, under CF, NT demonstrated an annual increase of 0.4%, the target value suggested by the 4 per thousand initiative launched at the 21st meeting of the Conference of the Parties in Paris. However, RT at the PI2 needs to be coupled with other management strategies, as the introduction of cover crops, to achieve such target.