城市垃圾处理产业化及其高效循环发展新模式浅析

广州番禺区建垃圾焚烧厂的规划被迫暂停,反应出目前我国计划大量实施的垃圾简单收集及其焚烧法无法真正实现＂资源-产品-再生资源-再生产品＂这种投入少、污染小的高效循环经济模式。垃圾处理应产业化,应该和其它产业的链接中实现对同类废弃资源的循环利用。实现这种高效循环经济发展新模式,这其中关键的是生产合适的垃圾分类箱,发挥个人作为垃圾分类回收的主体作用。     

草坪草茎枝扦插研究

阐述了以本特一号、狗牙根茎枝作扦插材料，采用单品种、间作和混作方式在春、秋季扦插的草坪成活率高、成坪周期短、覆盖度大、投入成本低。省工、省料，环境、经济和社会效益好。通过试验发现了本特一号、狗牙根不定根起源和生长发育机理，阐述了扦插草坪的新方式技术，发展和丰富了草坪扦插的理论和技术方法。     

Administration of probiotic Bacillus licheniformis induces growth,immune and antioxidant enzyme activities,gut microbiota assembly and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Litopenaeus vannamei

This study aimed to elucidate the effects of dietary Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 11946 (BL) on the growth, immune and antioxidant activities, intestinal morphology and microbiota, and susceptibility to Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP_AHPND) in juvenile pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (LV). Juvenile LV (initial weight = 0.63 ± 0.001) were fed diets containing varying BL concentrations (0 (BL0), 10⁶ (BL1), 10⁷ (BL2) and 10⁸ (BL3) CFU/g feed) for 8 weeks. Growth performance, immune and antioxidant enzyme activities, and intestinal morphology significantly improved in the probiotic‐treated groups than the untreated. Regardless of the treatment group, the two dominant phyla were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, whereas the two dominant genera were Ruegeria and Vibrio. Increasing inclusion of probiotics in diets led to significant increase in beneficial bacterial genera (Ruegeria, and Pseudoalteromonas) and a significant decrease in some known opportunistic pathogens (Vibrio, Tenacibaculum, Photobacterium, Kangiella and Spongiimonas) with the BL3 group witnessing the best. A 7‐day challenge study with VP_AHPND showed significantly high protection in the probiotic‐treated groups, with the BL3, BL2 and BL1 obtaining 51%, 34% and 22% relative percentage survival, respectively. In conclusion, BL at 10⁸ CFU/g feed should be used to help in shrimp production since it attained the most significant improvement.     

河南省城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置技术路线分析

首先对常用污泥处理技术及其投资运行成本进行了简要分析;然后建立了河南省污泥处置方案的评价指标体系,采用层次分析法(AHP)和隶属函数对土地利用、填埋、焚烧及建材利用4种污泥处置方案进行了综合评价,结果表明以土地利用为最佳处置方案。最后结合河南省的实际情况,推荐了4条污泥处理处置组合技术路线,并对其适用地区进行了分析。     

Determination of Count and Uniformity Ratio of Shrimp by Machine Vision

Current shrimp quality evaluation is a subjective sum of visual, smell and texture characteristics, and the manual determination of count and uniformity ratio of a sample batch. The automation of this process is desirable for a more rapidly and objectively repeatable evaluation. As a first step towards this goal, the count and uniformity ratio of whole, headless, peeled-tail-on, and peeled-tail-off tiger and white shrimp were evaluated by a machine vision procedure. The experimental weight and view area were correlated by three different equations (linear, power, and forced-power curves) to find the best correlation. The pixel intesities as it relates to lightness-darkness values were also correlated to see if different forms and species could be distinguished by this method. Data, equations and statistics for the correlations are presented.     

A critical appraisal of appendage disparity and homology in fishes

Fishes are both extremely diverse and morphologically disparate. Part of this disparity can be observed in the numerous possible fin configurations that may differ in terms of the number of fins as well as fin shapes, sizes and relative positions on the body. Here, we thoroughly review the major patterns of disparity in fin configurations for each major group of fishes and discuss how median and paired fin homologies have been interpreted over time. When taking into account the entire span of fish diversity, including both extant and fossil taxa, the disparity in fin morphologies greatly complicates inferring homologies for individual fins. Given the phylogenetic scope of this review, structural and topological criteria appear to be the most useful indicators of fin identity. We further suggest that it may be advantageous to consider some of these fin homologies as nested within the larger framework of homologous fin‐forming morphogenetic fields. We also discuss scenarios of appendage evolution and suggest that modularity may have played a key role in appendage disparification. Fin modules re‐expressed within the boundaries of fin‐forming fields could explain how some fins may have evolved numerous times independently in separate lineages (e.g., adipose fin), or how new fins may have evolved over time (e.g., anterior and posterior dorsal fins, pectoral and pelvic fins). We favour an evolutionary scenario whereby median appendages appeared from a unique field of competence first positioned throughout the dorsal and ventral midlines, which was then redeployed laterally leading to paired appendages.     

浅谈干成孔砼灌注桩的施工质量控制

桩基础作为建筑工程中常见基础且为强制验收项目之一,是建筑工程施工质量控制的重中之重。然而由于桩基础工程本身的隐蔽性,给施工质量控制带来一定的难度。笔者凭借多年以来对桩基础施工的分析。总结了一些桩基础施工控制的相关经验。     

金属板材数控渐进成形螺旋线轨迹生成

在分析金属板材数控渐进成形特点的基础上,指出现行等高线运动成形方式存在的问题,提出了一种基于螺旋运动的数控渐进成形方式和基于STL数据模型的螺旋线成形加工轨迹的生成算法。利用顶点偏置方法生成STL模型的等距模型,采用一系列水平面和与Z轴平行的平面分别切割该等距模型,求出其交线的交点,并将其连接成螺旋线成形加工轨迹。算法应用实例表明,该算法能够生成无干涉的螺旋线成形加工轨迹。     

基于响应面法的板料成形工作模面几何参数优化

阐述了以响应面法建立板料成形参数与有限元模拟结果的代理模型的基本原理;介绍了板料成形中的设计变量、目标函数、约束条件,多目标优化的处理方法;基于响应面法.以汽车后桥悬架内板零件为研究对象,成形后最小板料厚度为优化目标,成形极限图为约束条件,建立了模面几何参数优化模型;对模面几何参数进行优化并获得最优参数组合;以最优几何参数组合进行了实际的冲压试验,验证了优化结果.     

球孢白僵菌所致马尾松毛虫种群自然流行病的时空动态

对皖东明光县紫阳林场马尾松毛虫种群暴发的球孢白僵菌自然流行病流行区和非流行区僵虫数量的调查表明,2006年流行区的僵虫密度一周年后由32.6头/m^2急剧下降为0.8头/ m^2;而4个对照区（非流行区）中有3个区僵虫密度显著性上升,上升幅度36.8%～178.1%。2006年5月,流行区空气中和土壤中的球孢白僵菌带菌量在1个月内由6.1cfu/皿迅速降到2.3efu/皿,而非流行区空气中和土壤中的带茵量则在低水平上保持相对稳定;翌年5月非流行区空气中和土壤中的带菌量均保持相对稳定,且都远高于流行区。这表明流行区松毛虫发病程度有所减弱和发病率有所下降,从流行病变为地方病;而非流行区发病程度有所增强,发病率有所下降;原流行区迅速转为非流行区,而部分非流行区则逐渐转为流行区。这种动态变化典型地反映了昆虫自然流行病的动态特征。