Life cycle assessment of utilizing freshly cut urban wood: A case study

Large amounts of urban wood resources are generated through tree removals in urban areas. Therefore, there is a growing interest to improve the environmental performance of the urban wood supply chain by quantifying the environmental impacts of creating high-value products from urban tree removals to enhance its utilization. By surveying existing urban wood utilization operations for primary data in two major cities: Baltimore, Maryland, and Milwaukee, Wisconsin, a new life cycle inventory (LCI) dataset per m³ of dry urban hardwood lumber and live edge slabs was created. Incorporating the new LCI data into life cycle assessment method, the total global warming (GW) impact of converting urban trees to kiln-dried lumber was estimated to be 122 kg CO₂ eq and 336 kg CO₂eq per m³ of lumber produced for Baltimore and Milwaukee, respectively. In both cases, the total environmental impact of the product was dominated by the conversion of urban trees to kiln dried lumber at the sawmill processing stage. Using scenario analysis for the source of heat generation used in kiln (force) drying wood, substituting wood fuel from coproducts for natural gas in a boiler for Milwaukee resulted in a substantial reduction in fossil-derived GW impact. Urban and traditional hardwood lumber production follow similar GW impact trajectories over their life-cycle stages with the lumber processing stage having the highest environmental impacts for both. Increasing the overall lumber yield and decreasing kiln (force) drying would substantially improve the environmental performance of urban hardwood lumber and help make it comparable to traditional lumber.     

AutoCAD制图软件在汕头林业调查规划中的应用

从已有图纸资料的扫描输入,设置绘图环境,矢量化地形图,创建图层,用GPS数据绘制小班图,面积或路程求算,绘制图签、图例,文件保存格式,打印出图等方面阐述了AutoCAD在汕头市林业调查规划设计制图中的应用方法.认为用AutoCAD制图较Photoshop精度、效率高,并能较精确地进行面积及距离的求算.     

论农业生态学及其发展趋势

农业生态学是研究农业生物与农业环境之间相互关系及其作用机理和变化规律的农业应用学科。它在促进农业可持续发展等方面起着基础作用、综合作用、带动作用、关键作用和渗透作用。农业生态学的发展经历了萌芽期、产生期、发展期 ,目前已迈入完善期。新世纪农业生态学应朝着以下方面发展 :(1 )研究方法上 ,加强实验研究 ;(2 )实践应用上 ,强调实用性和可操作性 ;(3 )理论研究上 ,深化农业应用基础研究 ;(4 )技术体系上 ,突出系统性、完整性和创新性 ;(5 )硬件建设上 ,加大投入力度 ;(6)软件环境上 ,加强农业生态教育、增强生态意识、提高生态素质 ;(7)人才培养上 ,大力培养具有创新意识和实践能力的复合人才。     

氨基酸代谢与免疫反应

炎症反应和感染性疾病均可改变机体的蛋白质和氨基酸需要,导致动物采食量下降、生长受阻和肌肉消耗,这主要是因细胞因子(如IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α)的增加而改变了蛋白质代谢。在免疫反应中,氨基酸将发生重分配并主要用于合成参与炎症和免疫反应的蛋白质以及参与免疫细胞增殖和其他免疫反应的重要化合物。免疫系统的活化可干扰机体正常的生理反应并导致对某些特殊氨基酸的需要量增加。本文主要综述了某些特殊氨基酸(通常是必需氨基酸)在免疫反应中的重要作用。     

Mixed Forests as a Part of Sustainable Forestry in Southern Sweden

Abstract

We review and discuss the applicability of mixed stands in the context of sustainable forestry in southern Sweden. This is done from a silvicultural perspective regarding aspects such as regeneration, pre-commer-cial thinnings, production, economy, damage and policy implications. The paper is based on literature reviews and on studies performed in southern Sweden or under comparable conditions. After considering the underlying mechanisms, we find that it is possible to establish a mixed stand in the regeneration phase and sometimes even to a lower cost compared to monocultures. To keep the mixture, or to create it, with pre-commercial thinnings is, however, often more expensive. The reviewed studies, together with a new simulation, show that the effect on productivity of mixed stands compared to monocultures is minor. Some positive effects on damage (i.e., decreased levels) in mixed stands have been found. The economy and the policy implications of mixed stand management were found to be dependent on the specific stand and situations. A general finding was that research and knowledge of managing mixed stands, as compared to monocultures, are limited, which in turn could limit the applicability of mixed stand management.     

九江市林业产权制度改革现状分析与建议

江西省是我国南方重要的集体林区之一,九江市作为江西省的林业大市,其林业在九江社会经济发展中占有重要地位。九江市林权制度改革时间较早,2004年在武宁县开始试点后推开,2007年主体改革结束,并通过江西省林权制度改革领导小组的全面检查验收。笔者通过对九江市林权制度改革现状进行分析,指出林权制度改革中出现的问题,从龙头企业...     

体细胞计数及其在降低奶牛乳房炎发病率方面的应用

介绍奶牛体细胞计数的概念、特征、测量方法、体细胞值所受到的影响及其在乳制品行业的应用,尤其是在降低奶牛乳房炎发病方面,用体细胞值作为一种遗传性状进行选择以提高奶牛对乳房炎抗性的应用。     

大通县长宁镇退耕还林(草)后续产业探讨

分析了退耕还林(草)现状,结果表明,退耕还林草的后续产业发展不足,提出发展退耕还林草的后续产业对策。     

精氨酸营养生理功能研究新进展

精氨酸作为一种条件性必需氨基酸,不仅是合成蛋白质的重要原料,而且在生理调节方面具有重要的功能。近来年有关精氨酸营养生理功能的研究又取得了许多突破性的进展,本文对精氨酸在促进孕期及新生期胎儿生长、特异性减少脂肪含量、调控肿瘤细胞生长、改善心血管系统疾病、免疫调理等方面的最新研究成果以及过量添加精氨酸对动物机体的影响进行了综述,以促进精氨酸在相关领域的应用及其研究的深入。