Correlating phosphorus extracted by simple soil extraction methods with foliar phosphorus concentrations of Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. and Fagus sylvatica (L.)

Phosphorus (P) concentrations in needles and leaves of forest trees are declining in the last years in Europe. For a sustainable forest management the knowledge of site specific P nutrition/availability in forest soils is vital, but we are lacking verified simple methods for the estimation of plant available P. Within this study, four soil P extraction methods [water ( ), double‐lactate (P_lac), citric acid (P_cit), and sodium bicarbonate ( )], as well as total P content of the soil (P_tot) were tested to investigate which method is best correlated with foliar P concentrations of spruce [Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.] and beech [Fagus sylvatica (L.)]. Mineral soil samples from 5 depth levels of 48 forest sites of the Bavarian sample set of the second National Forest Soil Inventory (BZE II) were stratified according to tree species (spruce and beech) and soil pH (pH < 6.2 and > 6.2), covering the whole range of P nutrition. The extractable amount of P per mass unit of soil increased in the order << P_lac < < P_cit, decreased with soil depth, and was higher in soils with pH < 6.2. Citric acid extracted up to 10% of P_tot in acidic soils. Whereas P_cit delivers adequate regression models for P nutrition in the case of spruce (R² up to 0.53) and beech (R² up to 0.58) for acidic soils, shows good results for spruce growing on acidic soils (R² up to 0.66) and for beech on soils with pH > 6.2 (R² up to 0.57). P_lac produces adequate models only for beech on high pH soils (R² up to 0.64), while did not produce acceptable regression models. P_tot seems suitable to explain the P nutrition status of beech on acidic (R² up to 0.62) and alkaline soils (R² up to 0.61). Highest R²s are obtained mostly in soil depths down to 40 cm. As and P_cit showed good results for both investigated tree species, they should be considered preferentially in future studies.     

浙江天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林主要组成树种材积与生物量相关关系探讨

以天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林主要组成树种为研究对象,通过测定其各组分生物量,建立了实测生物量与材积之间的回归模型,结果表明:主要组成树种各组分生物量与其材积之间存在着密切的相关关系,各主要树种材积与生物量的回归模型存在差异;回归方程精度较高,用于根据地区常绿阔叶林主要树种材积推算其生物量是可行的。     

海南岛尖峰岭热带林生态系统研究*Ⅰ.热带北缘生物基因库 Ⅱ.生态系列研究

本文系1979—1986年采用本底调查、小区实验和定位观测等方法对海南岛尖峰岭热带林生态系统进行多学科综合研究的总报告。本报告共分7部分:世界热带北缘的丰富的生物基因库;生态系列研究;热带林水热状况;热带林物质循环;游耕农业生态后果;热带林采伐后的更新与演替。长期本底调查查明本区有植物1668种,隶属 198科798属;已知昆虫26目 4000余种,已知大型真菌260种。对由海滨至主峰的滨海有刺灌丛、稀树草原、半落叶季雨林、常绿季雨林、山地雨林,山顶苔藓矮林所构成的生态系列进行了组成、结构、土壤、林分生长等特征及其形成的自然地理环境进行了综合性比较研究。     

国家网络森林医院中林业有害生物危害信息的自助检索构想

详细阐述了国家网络森林医院中林业有害生物危害信息检索系统设立的必要性与可行性,检索的原则和功能,应用的范围与条件,程序的架构、流程与实现方法。     

城市蒙古栎对近地层臭氧浓度升高的光合生理响应

近地层O3浓度的增加已经成为当今环境科学研究的热点问题之一,该文主要模拟沈阳城市森林的常用绿化树种蒙古栎对近地层O3浓度升高的光合生理响应,为沈阳市城市采林树种的选育提供理论依据.本试验利用开顶式气室研究蒙古栎叶片对臭氧浓度升高的光合生理响应.结果表明,蒙古栎叶片在高浓度O3熏蒸下,净光合速率、光合色素、光合产物、光合电子传递和光合磷酸化指标随着熏蒸时间的延长而呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,相对电导率呈上升趋势.在通气30d时,净光合速率、类胡萝卜紊含量、ATP酶及淀粉含量均与对照达到差异极显著(p＜0.01),而叶绿素含量与对照差异显著(p＜0.05);在通气90d时,净光合速率和类胡萝卜素含量与对照差异显著(p＜0.05),而叶绿素含量和Mg2+-ATP酶活性与对照差异极显著(p＜0.01).在臭氧浓度升高条件下,蒙古栎叶片光合作用能力下降.     

河南省汉水流域水土流失原因、危害及防治对策

河南省汉水流域水土流失原因、危害及防治对策李中原（河南省水土保持科学研究所，郑州４５６０６３）河南省汉水流域位于北纬３２°１６′～３３°４９′，东经１１０°５８′～１１３°４２′之间，北靠伏牛山，西接陕西秦岭余脉，东有桐柏山，南临汉江平原，是“襟三山...     

兴安落叶松林土壤微生物生物量季节动态及影响因素

应用氯仿熏蒸浸提法测定了大兴安岭塔河地区兴安落叶松林(Larix gmelinii Rupr.)土壤微生物生物量碳(Cm)和微生物量氮(Nm)的季节动态变化,并研究了其与土壤养分因子和土壤环境因子的关系。结果表明:兴安落叶松林的Cm的变化范围为70.02～1 065.38 mg.kg-1,其Nm的变化范围依次为:15.63～75.18 mg.kg-1。Cm和Nm基本于5—6月呈上升趋势、6—8月呈下降趋势,9月又达到一个最大值,之后开始下降,其中出现1～2个峰值的季节变化格局。Pearson相关分析表明,Cm与Nm呈显著相关(P<0.05),Cm与土壤温度(TS)呈显著负相关(P<0.05),Cm与土壤有机碳(CS,O)和土壤全氮(NT)呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。Nm与土壤有机碳(CS,O)和土壤全氮(NT)呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。     

A Gis-derived integrated moisture index to predict forest composition and productivity of Ohio forests (U.S.A.)

A geographic information system (GIS) approach was used in conjunction with forest-plot data to develop an integrated moisture index (IMI), which was then used to predict forest productivity (site index) and species composition for forests in Ohio. In this region, typical of eastern hardwoods across the Midwest and southern Appalachians, topographic aspect and position (rather than elevation) change drastically at the fine scale and strongly influence many ecological functions. Elevational contours, soil series mapping units, and plot locations were digitized for the Vinton Furnace Experimental Forest in southeastern Ohio and gridded to 7.5-m cells for GIS modeling. Several landscape features (a slope-aspect shading index, cumulative flow of water downslope, curvature of the landscape, and water-holding capacity of the soil) were used to create the IMI, which was then statistically analyzed with site-index values and composition data for plots. On the basis of IMI values for forest land harvested in the past 30 years, we estimated oak site index and the percentage composition of two major species groups in the region: oak (Quercus spp.), and yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) plus black cherry (Prunus serotina). The derived statistical relationships were then applied in the GIS to create maps of site index and composition, and verified with independent data. The maps show the oaks will dominate on dry, ridge top positions (i.e., low site index), while the yellow poplar and black cherry will predominate on mesic sites. Digital elevation models with coarser resolution (1:24K, 1:100K, 1:250K) also were tested in the same manner. We had generally good success for 1:24K, moderate success for 1:100K, but no success for 1:250K data. This simple and portable approach has the advantage of using readily available GIS information which is time-invariant and requires no fieldwork. The IMI can be used to better manage forest resources where moisture is limiting and to predict how the resource will change under various forms of ecosystem management.     

祁连山水源涵养林综合效益计量评价

祁连山水源涵养林作为祁连山及河西走廊绿洲生态系统的主体,在通过提供木材等林产品产生直接经济效益的同时,产生了巨大的生态、社会效益.经计量评估,自1953年至今已产生的生态效益超过2 000亿元,是直接经济效益的38.57倍,其中森林贮存CO2的价值为1 452.78亿元;每年由于林木生长产生潜在经济效益1.74亿元、生态效益43.24亿元;通过引起土地级差收入、节约社会劳动、增加社会就业机会、以森林文化发展旅游事业等产生巨大的社会效益.研究结果为西部大开发生态环境建设提供了理论依据,为强化森林多种效益货币化,在流域范围内征收森林生态效益补偿费奠定了基础.