转 Bt基因抗虫棉对棉大卷叶螟抗性的研究

:转Bt基因抗虫棉对棉铃虫有很好的抗性,对棉大卷叶螟(SyleptaderogataFabricius)的抗性未见报道。作者研究表明,棉大卷叶螟在棉田为聚集分布型,低龄幼虫有集中为害习性;抗虫棉对其有很好的抗性,平均虫株率为2.2%,较常规棉中棉所12降低96.6%;百株虫量为133.8头,较常规棉降低88.4%。     

Integrated Pest Management in Cocoa Agroforests in Southern Cameroon: Constraints and Overview

Imports of pesticides have long been subsidised for use in the cocoa agroforests of the humid forest zone of southern Cameroon. With the liberalisation of the cocoa and pesticides sectors and the devaluation of the local currency (CFA franc), farmers are facing fluctuations in the price paid for cocoa and the high cost of farm inputs. Without the support of the extension services, they themselves have developed traditional integrated control methods based on the use of plant extracts mixed with conventional pesticides. From a survey of 300 cocoa farmers, the study assesses the farmers' command of these methods, the pests controlled, the problems encountered and the institutional constraints in the definition and dissemination of integrated control methods. The study concludes with recommendations for research and development towards the better definition and dissemination of integrated control methods. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

以固氮树种发展食用菌专用林的建议

许多固氮树种速生丰产，萌生能力强，叶片，木屑含氮率较高，可为食用菌栽培提供理想原料，而且固氮树种在绿花荒山，保持水土，提高地力方面作用显著，以固氮树种发展短轮伐期食用菌专用林，具有较高的经济效益和生态效益，本文介绍了银合欢，黑荆，大叶相思，银荆，桤木，南洋楹和马占相思等在食用菌栽培上的应用概况，各地可因地制宜栽培合适的固氮树种作为食用菌专用林。     

丛枝菌根真菌对芋组织培养苗生长的影响

 于温室盆栽条件下研究了丛枝菌根(AM) 真菌Gigaspora rosea、Glomus mosseae 和Glomus versi-forme 对芋(Colocasia esculenta) 组织培养苗移栽成活率、矿质营养、光合速率及生长的影响。结果表明, 接种AM真菌能提高芋组织培养幼苗移栽成活率和叶片光合速率, 降低气孔阻力; 其叶片和根内氮、磷、钾含量和生长量显著高于不接种对照。认为接种有效AM真菌是促进组织培养苗健康生长的重要技术。     

SSR技术及其在果树上的应用

SSR(Simple sequence repeat)技术以其丰富的多态性、共显性遗传、重复性好和操作简便等优点日益受到重视,已成为植物遗传和育种研究中不可缺少的分子标记。对SSR技术的原理和特点作了简要的介绍,较详细地分析了如何获得SSR引物,特别是综述了果树上SSR引物的研究现状,同时将其与其它几种主要的分子标记进行了比较分析,认为SSR标记检测的位点多态性水平明显高于RFLP,而且重复性优于RAPD;着重介绍了SSR技术在果树种质资源和构建果树遗传图谱及基因定位等研究中的应用现状;指出SSR技术将在果树科研上起到重要的作用。     

Occurrence of Mirafiori Lettuce Virus and Lettuce Big-vein Virus in Relation to Development of Big-vein Symptoms in Lettuce Crops

Big-vein disease (BV) of lettuce has been attributed to infection by Lettuce big-vein virus (LBVV), vectored by the soil fungus Olpidium brassicae. The finding of a second soil-borne virus in lettuce, Mirafiori lettuce virus (MiLV), led to a re-investigation of the role of LBVV in big-vein disease, with evidence emerging that both MiLV and LBVV are vectored by O. brassicae, and that MiLV, not LBVV, is the cause of BV (Lot et al. (2002), Phytopathology 92: 288–293). The two viruses have coat proteins of similar size but have different morphologies and are serologically unrelated. We tested individual lettuce plants in BV-prone fields and protected crops in France and Italy for the presence of the two viruses, using DAS-ELISA and antisera specific for each virus. Both MiLV and LBVV were found at high incidence, often together but sometimes separately. Symptoms were frequently found to be associated with MiLV alone or both viruses, but rarely LBVV alone. However, no absolute correlation emerged, because sometimes MiLV was present in the absence of symptoms, and vice versa. To clarify the situation, individual lettuce plants were examined over a period of time in two further surveys. In surveys of protected crops in France, plants with big-vein were always ELISA-positive for MiLV, or else symptomless plants positive for MiLV were later seen to develop big-vein symptoms. Presence or absence of LBVV appeared to have no effect on symptom development. In surveys of open fields in Italy, all combinations were found: presence of both viruses, apparent absence of both viruses, or presence of each one alone, in plants that developed BV. At the end of the observation period, nearly all plants had BV and contained both viruses.     

肥城桃组培苗诱导、基因转化及其增殖

红里、白里是肥城桃的两个优良品种,但不耐贮藏。为试图利用基因工程解决这一问题,先通过组培将其胚、胚乳、子叶的愈伤组织分别诱导再生植株和芽剥离出茎尖培育成苗。再将肥城桃反义PG基因,通过农杆菌介导转化组培苗,转化苗在含卡那霉素培养基上筛选,获得抗卡那霉素的转基因苗。用研制的增殖培养基培养4～7周,一个苗可生长出14～18分枝的苗,解决了转基因苗获得率低的问题,也满足了对转基因株系进行检测和从组培室到温棚到田间果园过渡栽培和芽接的需求,提高了繁育速率。     

新疆美洲斑潜蝇寄主种类及适合度的调查

通过乌鲁木齐、昌吉等地调查，发现新疆美洲斑潜蝇的寄主植物计有17科55种，其中蔬菜28种(变种)、大田作物8种，花卉和草坪植物13种、野生植物6种。以豆科、葫芦科植物受害最重。应用欧氏距离法的系统聚类分析，研究了美洲斑潜蝇对14种常见寄主植物的适合度；将其划分为5个类型，即最优适宜寄主、良好适宜寄主、适宜寄主、稍次适宜寄主和非适宜寄主。为害虫的防治决策提供了科学依据。     

新疆淡水藻类研究：乌鲁木齐南山八一林场绿藻初报

本文首镒报道乌鲁木齐南山八一林场山区的绿藻１１属，１２种，其中１０属，１０种为新疆新记录。这些结果是对１９９１年７月采集的２０号标本经鉴定后获得的。     

晋西昕水河流域生态经济型防护林体系景观格局动态分析

本文以晋西昕水河流域为典型实例，概述了流域生态经济型防护林体系建设背景。依据流域内各类型区在不同时段的土地利用结构和生态经济特征，进行流域生态经济型防护林体系景观格局变化分析，表明了流域内景观多样性和异质性不断增加的发展趋势，以及确定各区主要发展方向，实行综合开发与治理的必要性，并提出了相应的流域生态经济型防护林体系动态调控途径。