基于GIS和空间自相关模型的南宁市林地空间变化研究

【目的】掌握南宁市林地时空分布的变化规律,为制定科学有效的林地管理措施提供基础数据。【方法】基于2008、2013、2018年3期南宁市森林资源调查数据,应用空间统计技术,结合转移矩阵及空间自相关模型,分析不同时期南宁市林地分布格局,探究林地时空分布动态变化特征及空间聚集规律。【结果】2008—2018年,南宁市天然林面积减少2.39×10⁴ hm²,人工林面积增加2.60×10⁴ hm²,其他林地面积减少2.98×10⁴ hm²,林地总面积略有减少;林地类型变化繁杂,天然林和其他林地主要转化为人工林,人工林主要转化为非林地,其中2013—2018年林地变化更为剧烈;天然林和人工林的分布均具有显著的空间自相关性,天然林的空间自相关性高于人工林。整个研究期间,天然林和人工林的空间聚集性均呈下降趋势。【结论】2008—2018年南宁市林地发生较大的转移及变化,为有效保护林地、实现森林资源的可持续发展,需进一步加强实施科学有效的林地资源保护政策和措施。     

广东省第三期沿海防护林体系建设

分析广东省沿海防护林体系建设历程及第三期建设的必要性,其体系由沿海基干林带和纵深防护林构成,基干林带是沿海防护林体系的主体,建设类型包括红树林恢复造林、基干林带人工造林、灾损基干林带修复和老化基干林带更新、困难立地造林和退塘造林;纵深防护林对进一步防御和减轻登陆台风、台风引起的暴雨和泥石流等危害具重要作用,建设类型包括...     

宽甸地区林业资源及其特色产业发展研究

综述宽甸地区自然条件和林业资源概况,介绍林业特色产业的规划布局和建设现状.基于生态文明的发展理念,根据林业资源的特点和优势,提出进一步发展特色林业产业的可行性建议,为充分发挥宽甸地区林业资源潜力提供借鉴.     

长沙市城市森林健康调控试验及初步结果

以长沙市王陵公园为试验点,开展城市森林健康调控试验,采用害虫综合调控方法,运用生物天敌调控、生物药剂控制、物理防治等方法对该公园内的主要森林害虫,如马尾松毛虫,白蚁科、金龟子科、夜蛾科、天蛾科等的害虫,降低了虫口密度,保持了林分内的生态平衡,为城市森林健康的维护提供了新的综合途径。     

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic evidence for ecotonal coupling between boreal forests and fishes

Abstract— As a result of water turbulence effects on boundary layer diffusion resistance and carbon isotopic discrimination, the δ¹³C values (ratios of ¹³C: ¹²C) of attached algae may often overlap those of terrestrial plants, thereby making it impossible to distinguish between the relative importance of these two potential food sources for aquatic animals. The present study used a dual isotope approach (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) to refine measurements of the incorporation of allochthonous organic matter into freshwater fishes. The dependence of five species of littoral fishes on terrestrial detritus for part of their energy sustenance was demonstrated. The littoral zones of boreal Canadian Shield lakes are, therefore, not isolated from their surrounding riparian forests in terms of carbon flow as present day timber management guidelines erroneously assume, but instead exhibit a measurable degree of ecotonal land-water coupling. As a result, clearcut logging of riparian forests to the lakeshore edge, permissible by law in most Canadian provinces containing boreal forests, may have to be reassessed as a forest harvesting strategy.     

云南宝台山国家森林公园森林资源现状分析

为掌握云南宝台山国家森林公园的森林资源特点,并为制定森林公园的森林资源保护与利用规划提供依据,对该公园2019年森林资源监测数据进行了分析.结果 表明:该森林公园林地面积占公园总面积的99.4％,森林覆盖率高达90.50％.林地以有林地为主,面积占比为90.9％.森林起源以天然为主,面积占比为77.8％;人工起源为辅....     

Response of snails and slugs to fragmentation of lowland forests in NW Germany

Habitat fragmentation is a major cause for species loss, but its effect on invertebrates with low active dispersal power, like terrestrial gastropods, has rarely been studied. Such species can not cross a hostile habitat matrix, for which the predictions of island theory, such as positive relations between species richness and patch size, should apply. In order to test this prediction, we studied gastropod species diversity by assessing gastropod assemblage characteristics from 35 sites in 19 fragments of deciduous old-growth forests in the Lower Rhine Embayment, Germany. Assemblages differed between larger (≥700 ha) and smaller forests (<400 ha), those of large forests held a higher percentage of forest species. Although α-diversity was similar between the two forest size classes, small forests often comprised matrix species, resulting in a higher β-diversity. Edge effects on the species richness of matrix species were noticeable up to 250 m into the forest. Hierarchical partitioning revealed that distance to disturbances (external edge, internal edges like roads) explained most assemblage variables, whereas forest size and woodland cover within a 1 km radius from the sites explained only a few assemblage variables. Densities of two forest-associated species, Discus rotundatus and Arion fuscus, decreased with forest size. Yet, forest size was positively correlated with richness of typical forest species and densities of Limax cinereoniger. The latter species seems to need forests of >1,000 ha, i.e., well above the size of most fragments. In conclusion, the prediction is valid only for forest species. The response to fragmentation is species specific and seems to depend on habitat specialization and macroclimatic conditions. Jean-Pierre Maelfait: Deceased.     

Logging pattern and landscape changes over the last century at the boreal and deciduous forest transition in Eastern Canada

Forestry practices associated with the industrial era (since ~1900) have altered the natural disturbance regimes and greatly impacted the world’s forests. We quantified twentieth century logging patterns and regional scale consequences in three sub-boreal forest landscapes of Eastern Canada (117,000, 49,400 and 92,300 ha), comparing forestry maps depicting age and forest cover types for early industrial (1930) and present-day (2000) conditions. Results were similar for the three landscapes, indicating large-scale forest change during the twentieth century. In 1930, previous logging activities had been concentrated in the lowlands and along the main hydrographical network, as compared to a more even distribution over the landscapes in 2000, reflecting a decreasing influence of the environmental constraints on forest harvesting. In 1930, old-aged forests (>100 years) accounted for more than 75% of the unlogged areas of the three landscapes, as compared to less than 15% for the present-day conditions. Logging practices have thus inverted the stand age distribution of the landscapes that are currently dominated by young and regenerating stands. The 1930 forest cover types showed a clear relationship with elevation, with conifers located in the lowlands and mixed and deciduous stands restricted to the upper slopes. Between 1930 and 2000, 58–64% of the conifer areas transformed to mixed and deciduous forests, such that no clear altitudinal relationships remained in 2000. We conclude that twentieth century logging practices have strongly altered the preindustrial vegetation patterns in our study area, to the point that ecosystem-based management strategies should be developed to restore conifer dominance, altitudinal gradients, as well as the irregular structure inspired from old forest stands.     

4种纯林空气负离子浓度研究

利用负离子仪对上海市松江区中央公园的4种纯林内的空气负离子浓度进行测定,并通过比较分析,得出如下结果：桂花、紫叶李、蚊母树纯林在5月和7月份的空气负离子浓度日变化曲线呈双峰型,石楠呈单峰型;在6月和8月份紫叶李、蚊母树和石楠纯林日变化曲线相似,几乎平行;不同纯林日平均负离子浓度有差异,相关性分析表明,纯林内的空气负离子浓度与温度和相对湿度的几乎无显著相关性,为合理利用负离子资源提供一定依据。     

视频和GIS技术在森林防火中的应用

针对浙江省森林覆盖率高,并且发生森林火灾的频率也高,单纯的视频监控在夜晚无法识别等问题,提出了视频技术与地理信息系统技术相结合来监控森林火灾的方案。该方案是在森林的某个高程点上架设视频摄像设备,通过远程传输到达视频监控系统的后台,显示在森林地理信息系统上,然后根据显示的区域来监控森林火情。该方案通过同步跟踪算法实现视频技术与地理信息系统的融合,在森林防火地理信息系统上实时同步跟踪,能够提高森林防火的效率。