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81.
Food intake and energy expenditure in growing cats with and without a predisposition to overweight
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Vivien Ghielmetti Brigitta Wichert Simon Rüegg Diana Frey Annette Liesegang 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(5):1401-1410
Overweight and obesity are multifactorial diseases caused by an imbalance in energy metabolism. An underlying genetic predisposition is often a factor in these conditions. In the cat breeding family of the Institute of Animal Nutrition at the Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, a segregating overweight phenotype with a genetic contribution was observed. From this breeding family, 26 kittens were followed from birth up to 8 months of age. During this time, food intake was measured using an automatic feeding station, and energy expenditure was investigated using indirect calorimetry at the ages of 4 and 6 months. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was performed and blood glucose, leptin and insulin were measured at the ages of 4, 6 and 8 months. The kittens were also weighed daily for the first 2 weeks of life, every second day until weaning and once per week until 8 months of age. The body condition score (BCS) was evaluated monthly between 2 and 8 months of age. The main finding of this study is that a predisposition to overweight is connected to a higher food intake early in life, with no significant alterations in energy expenditure. The leptin blood levels were related to body fat percentage, and insulin sensitivity did not seem to be affected. 相似文献
82.
Emin Zeki Başkent Ali İhsan Kadıoğulları 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2014,29(7):121-131
Decision support systems (DSSs) are indispensable tools in preparing a forest management plan for a better combination of multiple forest values. This study attempted to develop and explain a stand-based forest management DSS (Ecosystem-based multiple-use forest planning [ETÇAP]) comprising a traditional simulation, linear programming (LP), metaheuristics and geographic information system. The model consists of five submodels; traditional management approach to handle inventory data, an empirical growth and yield model, a simulation to conceptualize management actions, a LP technique to optimize resource allocation and a simulated annealing approach to directly create a spatially feasible harvest schedule. The ETÇAP model has been implemented in a comparative two case study areas; Denizli–Honaz and Akseki–Ibrad?. Both simulation and optimization models outperformed to the traditional management plan. The periodical change of growing stock, allowable cuts, carbon sequestration and water production are used as performance indicators. The results showed that more amount of wood could be harvested over time compared to traditional level of harvesting. It could be concluded that various management strategies allowed managers to stimulate more decision options for better outputs through intertemporal trade-offs of management interventions as the model provided tools to quantify forest dynamics over time and space. Challenges exist to establish the functional relationships between forest structure and values for better quantification and integration into the management plans. 相似文献
83.
John D. Armstrong Karen J. Millidine Neil B. Metcalfe 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2011,20(3):371-376
Abstract – Standard metabolic rate (SMR, closely related to basal and resting metabolism) varies by up to threefold among juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., of similar size at common temperature. Here, consequences of this variation are predicted by combining empirically derived relationships between SMR, specific dynamic action, energy budgets, water velocity, food level in the environment and food availability to fish. The range of velocities across which growth is predicted to occur is inversely related to a fish’s SMR. Growth is positively related to SMR at high but negatively related to it at low‐food levels. The relationship between food level and the range of velocities over which lower SMR fish can grow but higher SMR fish cannot is asymmetrically bi‐phasic and peaked. It is predicted that maternal manipulation of offspring SMR would generate fitness benefits through bet‐hedging against unpredictability in food level and increases in the overall range of velocities that the family of offspring can occupy and thrive in. 相似文献
84.
浅谈给水排水工程节能节水措施 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
作者针对给排水系统工程特点并依据多年设计实践,总结了几点节能节水措施;阐明了通过减少不必要的浪费,可以达到节约水资源、节约能源的目的。 相似文献
85.
洋溪镇山区脱贫致富的最大优势在于山,提出林业发展措施:(1)采取有效的技术措施把现有的近3335hm2茶园基地管理好,并适度发展鲜果类经济林;(2)加强幼龄林的抚育和林分的封山育林工作;(3)进行山区林业综合开发,大力发展以马尾松、杉木为辅的用材林造林和低产林分改造,以优质烤烟为主产业化建设;(4)利用区位优势,发展森林旅游业。 相似文献
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通过分析有林地生产力与立地条件和林分结构中各因子的关系,探索制约有林地生产力的主要因素.结果表明:不同立地质量中Ⅰ类地单位蓄积量最高(268.86±20.24 m3/hm2),不同坡向中东坡单位蓄积量最高(269.78±38.54 m3/hm2),不同树种组成中10杉类型单位蓄积量最高(259.33±14.62 m3/hm2);有林地生产力与林分年龄、林分密度正相关,相关系数R分别为0.590、0.460;有林地生产力与海拔、坡度相关性不显著.以上结果说明立地质量、坡向和树种组成对有林地生产力影响显著;有林地生产力与林分年龄、林分密度相关,与海拔、坡度无关. 相似文献
89.
指出了太阳能吸附式制冷是极具发展前途的绿色环保、节能的制冷技术,为当前制冷技术研究中的热点和焦点。综合介绍了太阳能固体吸附式制冷技术的原理、现状、存在的问题及其解决的措施,并对其应用前景作了分析和展望。 相似文献
90.