Rumen degradation in sheep,goats and cattle and voluntary intake by sheep of four browse species

Two experiments were conducted using dried leaves ofAlchornea cordifolia, Ficus capensis, Manniophytum fulvum andAlbizza niopoides. In Experiment 1, dry matter (DM) degradation characteristics were investigated using thein sacco nylon bag technique in West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep, WAD goats and Bunaji steers. In Experiment 2, voluntary intake of the browse forage when fed as supplements to sheep at 0, 10 and 30% levels was measured. In Experiment 1,A. cordifolia andM. fulvum had significantly higher rapidly degradable DM fraction thanA. niopoides andF. capensis. Averaged across browse species, the extent of DM degradation for sheep (58.3%) was significantly higher than for goat (47.7%) or cattle (44.1%). Ranking order of browse species for the extent of DM degradation was:F. capensis>A. cordifolia=M. fulvum=A. niopoides. In Experiment 2, as the level of supplementation increased from 10 to 30%, voluntary intake ofA. niopoides andM. fulvum increased while voluntary intake ofA. cordifolia andF. capensis declined. The results suggest that dried leaves ofA. niopoides andM. fulvum are more acceptable to WAD sheep than those ofA. cordifolia andF. capensis.     

优质饲用玉米龙辐208试验及饲喂效果的研究

通过对龙辐208多点试验示范及实际饲喂研究,充分表现龙辐208的优良农艺性状及巨大的增产潜力,并了解其在提高产奶量和牛奶营养品质等方面的效果。     

The role of saltbushes (Atriplex spp.) in arid land rehabilitation in the Mediterranean Basin: a review

Arid lands in the Mediterranean Basin harbour populations of saltbushes over substantial areas. These have been grazed for centuries and often cleared. There are also some 100,000 hectares of artificially established saltbushes, both native and exotic; they include no more than half a dozen species, when large scale plantations are concerned. Another dozen of exotic species, introduced from Australia, Southern and Northern America, have successfully undergone field trials and could be used on a large scale in a near future. The present paper attempts to review the current state of knowledge on Atriplex spp. in the Mediterranean Basin as a means of Arid Land rehabilitation at a time where huge areas in the region have undergone processes of severe degradation or have been subjected to desertization, particularly over the past four decades. In spite of a number of constraints in their establishment, management and utilization, the plantation of Atriplex spp. appears as one of the best way, if not the best one, to rehabilitate desertized areas and restore them to production, under the present state of knowledge on arid land rehabilitation. They, in particular, are amenable to inclusion into new, man-made agro-sylvo-pastoral systems of production well adapted to arid lands and to the needs of their populations.     

优良牧草和饲料作物中的有毒物质及其影响因素

论述了我国主要优良牧草和饲料作物中的一些种或品种，其中包括全国４３个当家草种的十几种牧草，所含有的有毒成分和毒物含量，及其对采食家畜产生的多种毒害作用和不良影响。同时，对影响有毒成分和毒物含量的各种因素进行了论述，为适时、合理地调整牧草和饲料作物的栽培管理技术和家畜日常管理尤其是放牧管理提供科学依据。     

青海荒漠草地主要藜科牧草的生态地理特征及其饲用价值

青海藜科植物约１７属５０种，它们的产地及生态地理分布各不相同，反映了青海藜科植物区纱的丰富性，在荒漠草地占据重要位置的藜科植物有１１属４０种，其中有起群作用，有的为优势种或主要伴生种。这些牧草有较高的饲用价值，是该区放牧家畜的主要饲草来源。     

秸秆饲料走向市场的几点思考

通过对秸秆饲料加工及其利用现状的调查,提出了秸秆饲料走向市场是解决其加工利用中存在的问题的关键所在,表述了秸秆饲料向产业化发展的几种方式及需要解决的问题。     

我国饲草料生产形势及对策

饲草料是牛羊等草食家畜养殖的基础.本文通过分析中国草业统计数据、草原保护建设工程监测报告、中国畜牧业统计数据,并与实地调研和查阅资料相结合,梳理了21世纪以来我国饲草料生产的发展基础和基本情况.总体来看,我国饲草料生产形势好,但水平不高,与现代畜牧业的需求有一定的差距,为此提出了重视栽培草地建设、加强规划计划和政策扶持等建议.     

论农业新技术革命：生态农业与可持续发展战略

以影响农业生态系统的人口,资源,环境为主导要素,提出了我国生态农业建设的主要内涵应该是结合有机农业和现代农业的合理内核,以人和环境的协调发展,因地制宜,资源的永续利用为原则,运用先进的科学技术,大力发展农业的商品生产为手段,以提高经济效益,生态效益,社会效益为目的的集约化综合经营和有效管理的农业体系。     

Visual Colour Shades in Pelts from Brown Mink (Mustela vison) Explained Colourimetrically

Microspectrophotometric methods were used to provide objective correlates to the visually judged colour shade (CS) of the underfur in scanbrown mink pelts. The study included 21 scanbrown mink pelts (winter coat), representing a larger group of 87 mink pelts coming from a feeding trial with experimental and control animals. The pelts were visually graded from 1 (blue-greyish) to 5 (reddish), primarily in respect of the CS (in auction classification=clarity of colour) of the underfur seen on the edge of the pelt. Prepared samples of underfur fibres showed in visual inspection a gliding change of colour from paler to darker in a proximal-distal direction and were consequently examined at three levels above the skin surface. The means of the dominant wavelengths (hues) were 589.40, 588.00 and 586.70 nm, respectively, indicating that the variation between levels was small. Investigation of the small pelt material concerned showed that CS was significantly correlated with the measured lightness (L*) and with the yellow chromaticity coordinate (b*) of the underfur samples. In this investigation it was also shown that the underfur fibres with a visually blue-greyish colour shade were relatively dark and less yellow compared with underfur fibres with a reddish colour shade. However, data and the model estimating the colour shade demonstrated that, for the material concerned, visually very reddish underfur colour shades were not found in the lightest coloured pelts.     

牛粗饲料品质评价指标研究进展

粗饲料是牛日粮的重要组成部分,其品质对牛生产性能和健康有极大影响,而实际生产中往往做不到对其品质准确评价甚至忽略,进而影响养殖的经济效益。现有粗饲料品质评价指标有单项指标和综合指标,单项指标主要包括常规营养成分、干物质随意采食量、消化率等,综合指标则包括粗饲料相对值、品质指数、粗饲料相对品质指数、粗饲料分级指数等。现综述国内外现有评价粗饲料品质指标的研究进展,以期为研究人员进行牛粗饲料评价提供参考。