综合利用蝗虫资源，实现蝗灾可持续治理

本文针对我国目前蝗灾发生和防治的现状,从生态保护和生物资源的开发利用方面提出了新的观点,并对蝗虫资源的产业化提出了相应的构想,这对蝗灾的长期可持续的治理有重要的意义。     

牛粗饲料品质评价指标研究进展

粗饲料是牛日粮的重要组成部分,其品质对牛生产性能和健康有极大影响,而实际生产中往往做不到对其品质准确评价甚至忽略,进而影响养殖的经济效益。现有粗饲料品质评价指标有单项指标和综合指标,单项指标主要包括常规营养成分、干物质随意采食量、消化率等,综合指标则包括粗饲料相对值、品质指数、粗饲料相对品质指数、粗饲料分级指数等。现综述国内外现有评价粗饲料品质指标的研究进展,以期为研究人员进行牛粗饲料评价提供参考。     

The potential use of heterosis in Beta vulgaris L. II. Yield performance of pure lines and their hybrids

Summary The yield performance is described of pure lines obtained from doubled monoploids and their corresponding polycross and pair-cross hybrids. The total dry matter yields of fifteen pure lines averaged 60–90% of the yields of the progenitor and control varieties. Seven of the resultant polycross hybrids gave dry matter yields similar to or higher than the progenitor varieties, whilst the remaining hybrids were less productive than their parental lines. In pair-cross hybrids significant reciprocal differences were found in some cases. This was attributed to differences in self-fertility and the degree of self-fertilization in reciprocal crosses. Based on the frequency of offspring with white or coloured roots, self-fertilization frequencies ranging from 14% to 92% were found. It is estimated that in the event of complete cross-fertilization, the yields of certain pair-cross hybrids would have exceeded those of the control varieties by 9–29%.     

优质饲用玉米龙辐208试验及饲喂效果的研究

通过对龙辐208多点试验示范及实际饲喂研究,充分表现龙辐208的优良农艺性状及巨大的增产潜力,并了解其在提高产奶量和牛奶营养品质等方面的效果。     

有机无机复合肥在西藏粮草复种模式中应用的效应分析

一年两收粮草复种模式是西藏农牧结合的一条重要发展途径, 本研究以冬青稞-箭舌豌豆(青饲玉米)复种模式为例, 通过田间小区对比施肥试验, 探讨了有机无机复合肥料对高原地区复种模式生产效应的影响。结果表明, 施用有机无机复合肥可使农田土壤温度在冬青稞越冬期和返青期升高0.5~0.8 ℃, 并促进冬青稞根系生长, 使其能更好地从土壤中获取营养成分, 从而提高产量; 同时, 施用有机无机复合肥还可使冬青稞的生育期提前3~4 d, 为第2 季牧草的生长赢得宝贵时间; 而从鲜草产量来看, 豆科植物的牧草更适宜于在当地复种; 另一方面有机无机复合肥的施用能更有效地保持农田土壤肥力, 使有限土壤资源得到可持续利用。总之,施用有机无机复合肥可有效提高冬青稞-箭舌豌豆(青饲玉米)复种模式的产出和效益。     

3个菊科饲用牧草产草量及生物学特性初步评价

在闽南地区对3个菊科饲用牧草品种的物候期、产草量、营养成分、种子产量等方面进行研究,结果表明:各参试品种均能在闽南地区越夏、越冬正常生长,其中串叶松香草整体表现均较优,4次刈青鲜草产量达89204.46 kg/hm2、开花期粗蛋白10.13%、种子产量97.0 g/m2、种子发芽率达86.8%。综合分析得出串叶松香草较适宜在闽南地区推广种植。     

叶粉饲料的开发利用

饲料是发展畜牧业的物质基础。随着畜牧业的发展。饲料供求差额的扩大．饲料原料更为紧缺．人畜争夺粮食的现象日趋严重。因此，多途径、多渠道广辟饲料来源，开拓新的饲料领域．解决饲料不足的问题成为当务之急。我国现有森林面积19亿多亩．可提供大量的树叶资源。经过适时的采集、晾晒、加工和贮藏后用以饲喂畜禽．不但能丰富营养，提高生产性能。而且可节约大量粮食。所以，开发叶粉饲料大有可为。本文着重介绍一些叶粉的营养成分和饲用价值．为扩大饲料资源．降低饲料成本起到抛砖引玉的作用。1．松针粉（l）营养成分松计粉含粗蛋白7一1…     

Biological characteristics of newly cultivated fodder plants for pastures of the arid zone in Uzbekistan

Summary Haloxylon aphyllum, Kochia prostrata, Salsola orientalis, Ceratoides eversmanniana, and Artemisia ferganensis have been shown to be the most suitable species for establishing artificial pastures or for improving degenerated pastures in the deserts and semi-deserts of the Republic of Uzbekistan. These species are here characterized both ecologically and agronomically, and their adaptations to extremely arid conditions are described.     

我国饲草料生产形势及对策

饲草料是牛羊等草食家畜养殖的基础.本文通过分析中国草业统计数据、草原保护建设工程监测报告、中国畜牧业统计数据,并与实地调研和查阅资料相结合,梳理了21世纪以来我国饲草料生产的发展基础和基本情况.总体来看,我国饲草料生产形势好,但水平不高,与现代畜牧业的需求有一定的差距,为此提出了重视栽培草地建设、加强规划计划和政策扶持等建议.     

Adaptability and productivity of some warm-season pasture species in a Mediterranean environment

Warm‐season grasses and legumes have the potential to provide forage throughout the Mediterranean summer when there are high temperatures and low rainfall and when cool‐season grasses become less productive. Twenty‐nine non‐native, warm‐season pasture species (twenty‐three grasses and six legumes) were assessed for their adaptability to the coastal plain of southern Italy in terms of their productivity and nutritional quality. The investigated species were compared with two reference species widely used in a Mediterranean environment: a grass (Festuca arundinacea) and a legume (Medicago sativa). The species differed in their phenological and biological characteristics, i.e. start of vegetative resumption, first flowering and cold resistance, from each other and from the control species. From the second year after establishment, warm‐season perennial grasses had high dry‐matter (DM) yields and, in many cases, a more than adequate nutritional quality. As for legumes, the control, M. sativa gave the best results in all the investigated characters. Among the grasses, seven species (Chloris gayana, Eragrostis curvula, Panicum coloratum, Paspalum dilatatum, Pennisetum clandestinum, Sorghum almum, Sorghum spp. hybrid) had DM yields greater than the control species and had their maximum growth during the hottest period of the year, when F. arundinacea, the control grass species, was dormant. Eragrostis curvula had the highest annual DM yield (21·1 t ha^?1) and P. clandestinum provided the best combination of agronomic and yield characteristics which were similar to those of M. sativa. The seven above‐mentioned species have the potential to supply hay or grazing and contribute to broadening and stabilizing the forage production calendar in Mediterranean‐type environments.