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101.
综合利用蝗虫资源,实现蝗灾可持续治理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文针对我国目前蝗灾发生和防治的现状,从生态保护和生物资源的开发利用方面提出了新的观点,并对蝗虫资源的产业化提出了相应的构想,这对蝗灾的长期可持续的治理有重要的意义。 相似文献
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A. Kruse 《Euphytica》1981,30(3):791-802
Summary The yield performance is described of pure lines obtained from doubled monoploids and their corresponding polycross and pair-cross hybrids. The total dry matter yields of fifteen pure lines averaged 60–90% of the yields of the progenitor and control varieties. Seven of the resultant polycross hybrids gave dry matter yields similar to or higher than the progenitor varieties, whilst the remaining hybrids were less productive than their parental lines. In pair-cross hybrids significant reciprocal differences were found in some cases. This was attributed to differences in self-fertility and the degree of self-fertilization in reciprocal crosses. Based on the frequency of offspring with white or coloured roots, self-fertilization frequencies ranging from 14% to 92% were found. It is estimated that in the event of complete cross-fertilization, the yields of certain pair-cross hybrids would have exceeded those of the control varieties by 9–29%. 相似文献
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一年两收粮草复种模式是西藏农牧结合的一条重要发展途径, 本研究以冬青稞-箭舌豌豆(青饲玉米)复种模式为例, 通过田间小区对比施肥试验, 探讨了有机无机复合肥料对高原地区复种模式生产效应的影响。结果表明, 施用有机无机复合肥可使农田土壤温度在冬青稞越冬期和返青期升高0.5~0.8 ℃, 并促进冬青稞根系生长, 使其能更好地从土壤中获取营养成分, 从而提高产量; 同时, 施用有机无机复合肥还可使冬青稞的生育期提前3~4 d, 为第2 季牧草的生长赢得宝贵时间; 而从鲜草产量来看, 豆科植物的牧草更适宜于在当地复种; 另一方面有机无机复合肥的施用能更有效地保持农田土壤肥力, 使有限土壤资源得到可持续利用。总之,施用有机无机复合肥可有效提高冬青稞-箭舌豌豆(青饲玉米)复种模式的产出和效益。 相似文献
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108.
Biological characteristics of newly cultivated fodder plants for pastures of the arid zone in Uzbekistan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
O. Kh. Khassanov T. Rachimova S. F. Tadzhiev 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1994,41(3):125-131
Summary
Haloxylon aphyllum, Kochia prostrata, Salsola orientalis, Ceratoides eversmanniana, and Artemisia ferganensis have been shown to be the most suitable species for establishing artificial pastures or for improving degenerated pastures in the deserts and semi-deserts of the Republic of Uzbekistan. These species are here characterized both ecologically and agronomically, and their adaptations to extremely arid conditions are described. 相似文献
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Warm‐season grasses and legumes have the potential to provide forage throughout the Mediterranean summer when there are high temperatures and low rainfall and when cool‐season grasses become less productive. Twenty‐nine non‐native, warm‐season pasture species (twenty‐three grasses and six legumes) were assessed for their adaptability to the coastal plain of southern Italy in terms of their productivity and nutritional quality. The investigated species were compared with two reference species widely used in a Mediterranean environment: a grass (Festuca arundinacea) and a legume (Medicago sativa). The species differed in their phenological and biological characteristics, i.e. start of vegetative resumption, first flowering and cold resistance, from each other and from the control species. From the second year after establishment, warm‐season perennial grasses had high dry‐matter (DM) yields and, in many cases, a more than adequate nutritional quality. As for legumes, the control, M. sativa gave the best results in all the investigated characters. Among the grasses, seven species (Chloris gayana, Eragrostis curvula, Panicum coloratum, Paspalum dilatatum, Pennisetum clandestinum, Sorghum almum, Sorghum spp. hybrid) had DM yields greater than the control species and had their maximum growth during the hottest period of the year, when F. arundinacea, the control grass species, was dormant. Eragrostis curvula had the highest annual DM yield (21·1 t ha?1) and P. clandestinum provided the best combination of agronomic and yield characteristics which were similar to those of M. sativa. The seven above‐mentioned species have the potential to supply hay or grazing and contribute to broadening and stabilizing the forage production calendar in Mediterranean‐type environments. 相似文献