一类多时滞的离散捕食系统的持久性

研究了一类多时滞的离散捕食系统,运用差分方程的比较原理,得到了保证系统种群持续生存的充分条件,并对定理条件可实现性进行了实例数值验证.     

Evergreen broad-leaved forest improves soil water status compared with tea tree plantation in Ailao Mountains,Southwest China

Abstract

In this paper, the spatial-temporal dynamics of soil moisture content was investigated in an evergreen broad-leaved forest and a tea tree plantation in Ailao Mountains, which was dominated by Fagaceae (Castanopsis wattii and Lithocarpus xylocarpus). Soil moisture content was studied between January 2005 and December 2006 at different depths (from 0–150 cm) with a neutron probe. The results showed that mean soil moisture content in the evergreen broad-leaved forest was usually higher than in the tea tree plantation in the dry season, whereas it was lower than the tea tree plantation in the rainy season. In addition, mean soil moisture content was depth dependent, and in the 10–50 cm layer the spatial variability was due to the active root zone within this depth area in two types of land use. From 50–150 cm, the spatial variability was slightly increasing in the evergreen broad-leaved forest or relatively stable in the tea tree plantation. Our study also showed that soil moisture content was higher and more stable under the evergreen broad-leaved forest than the tea tree plantation, hence we stress that evergreen broad-leaved forest plays an important role in holding soil moisture. It is suggested that the protection of evergreen broad-leaved forest should be strengthened.     

几种杀螨剂对3种叶螨的毒力比较

作者于 1 996年对二斑叶螨 (TetranychusurticaeKoch)、朱砂叶螨 [T .cinnabarinus(Boisdural) ]和山楂叶螨 (T .viennensisZacher)进行了三氯杀螨醇、甲氰菊酯、哒螨酮、霸螨灵等 4种杀螨剂的毒力测定 ,并对 3种叶螨在LC50 和LC95水平上 ,比较了相互之间的毒力差别。结果表明 ,二斑叶螨的毒力最高 ,朱砂叶螨次之 ,山楂叶螨毒力最低。     

6种多年生牧草对幼龄果园的影响

通过在幼龄果园间作6种多年生牧草,结果表明,幼龄果园土壤含水量增加,杂草生长得到抑制,6种多年生牧草品种在果园间作的适宜度大小顺序为:白三叶(Haifa)>紫花苜蓿(Empress 2000)>杂三叶(Aurora)>沙打旺(普通)>鸭茅(Amba)>多年生黑麦草(Toya)。     

A comparison between multivariate Slash, Student's t and probit threshold models for analysis of clinical mastitis in first lactation cows

Robust threshold models with multivariate Student's t or multivariate Slash link functions were employed to infer genetic parameters of clinical mastitis at different stages of lactation, with each cow defining a cluster of records. The robust fits were compared with that from a multivariate probit model via a pseudo‐Bayes factor and an analysis of residuals. Clinical mastitis records on 36 178 first‐lactation Norwegian Red cows from 5286 herds, daughters of 245 sires, were analysed. The opportunity for infection interval, going from 30 days pre‐calving to 300 days postpartum, was divided into four periods: (i) ?30 to 0 days pre‐calving; (ii) 1–30 days; (iii) 31–120 days; and (iv) 121–300 days of lactation. Within each period, absence or presence of clinical mastitis was scored as 0 or 1 respectively. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods were used to draw samples from posterior distributions of interest. Pseudo‐Bayes factors strongly favoured the multivariate Slash and Student's t models over the probit model. The posterior mean of the degrees of freedom parameter for the Slash model was 2.2, indicating heavy tails of the liability distribution. The posterior mean of the degrees of freedom for the Student's t model was 8.5, also pointing away from a normal liability for clinical mastitis. A residual was the observed phenotype (0 or 1) minus the posterior mean of the probability of mastitis. The Slash and Student's t models tended to have smaller residuals than the probit model in cows that contracted mastitis. Heritability of liability to clinical mastitis was 0.13–0.14 before calving, and ranged from 0.05 to 0.08 after calving in the robust models. Genetic correlations were between 0.50 and 0.73, suggesting that clinical mastitis resistance is not the same trait across periods, corroborating earlier findings with probit models.     

茶树新品系福选9号的观察研究

为观察鉴定茶树新品系福选9号在重庆市巴南区的适应性及表现,以福鼎大白茶为对照品种,于2002-2004年进行了品比试验。结果表明,福选9号表现出如下特性:(1)春芽萌动特早,较对照提早11～13d,春茶产量较高。(2)育芽能力强,生长势旺盛,秋梢休止期较对照晚5～7d,全年生育期较对照长16～20d,平均单产高20.5%。(3)抗逆性强,耐寒性和抗旱性与对照相当,抗病虫性稍强。(4)发芽整齐度高,适宜机械化作业。(5)制绿茶品质优良,适制性强。     

Comparison of the Sensitivity of Landscape-fire-succession Models to Variation in Terrain, Fuel Pattern, Climate and Weather

The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity of modelled area burned to environmental factors across a range of independently-developed landscape-fire-succession models. The sensitivity of area burned to variation in four factors, namely terrain (flat, undulating and mountainous), fuel pattern (finely and coarsely clumped), climate (observed, warmer & wetter, and warmer & drier) and weather (year-to-year variability) was determined for four existing landscape-fire-succession models (EMBYR, FIRESCAPE, LANDSUM and SEM-LAND) and a new model implemented in the LAMOS modelling shell (LAMOS(DS)). Sensitivity was measured as the variance in area burned explained by each of the four factors, and all of the interactions amongst them, in a standard generalised linear modelling analysis. Modelled area burned was most sensitive to climate and variation in weather, with four models sensitive to each of these factors and three models sensitive to their interaction. Models generally exhibited a trend of increasing area burned from observed, through warmer and wetter, to warmer and drier climates with a 23-fold increase in area burned, on average, from the observed to the warmer, drier climate. Area burned was sensitive to terrain for FIRESCAPE and fuel pattern for EMBYR. These results demonstrate that the models are generally more sensitive to variation in climate and weather as compared with terrain complexity and fuel pattern, although the sensitivity to these latter factors in a small number of models demonstrates the importance of representing key processes. The models that represented fire ignition and spread in a relatively complex fashion were more sensitive to changes in all four factors because they explicitly simulate the processes that link these factors to area burned. The US Government's and the Canadian Government's right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license is acknowledged     

SINPV PK基因的部分序列分析

重组质粒ｐＰ１８ＰＨ３上含有ＳＩＮＰＶ的部分蛋白激酶基因。ＳＩＮＰＶ部分的蛋白激酶氨基酸序列与ＨａＮ－ＰＶ、ＨｚＮＰＶ、ＳｐｌｉＮＰＶ、ＡｆＮＰＶ、ＡｃＮＰＶ、ＬｄＮＰＶ蛋白激酶的氨基酸序列的同源性分别为４５％、８９％、３７％、４４％、３８％和３７％，其上含有蛋白激酶特征序列ＩＶＨＡＮＤＶＫＬＥＮＶＬ。     

贫瘠丘陵地短轮伐期薪材树种生长过程的研究

尾叶桉、细叶桉、赤桉、粗皮桉、巨桉（简称桉树类，下同）和马占相思、粗果相思及薄果相思（简称相思类，下同）等８个树种，在水土严重流失的贫瘠丘陵地经７年的生长试验，结果表明：除巨桉和细叶桉在该立地生长较缓慢外，其余６个树种生长快，产量较高。尤其是尾叶桉和马占相思，７年生胸径年均生长量在１．０ｃｍ以上，单位面积生物量（地上部分鲜重，下同）为５２．６９ｔ／ｈｍ２和４３．６７ｔ／ｈｍ２。不同树种的生长比较：桉树类树种（除巨桉外）４年生以前胸径、树高和生物量生长均比相思类树种生长快，４年后相思类树种逐渐赶上或超过桉树类树种。性状生长高峰期分别为：胸径桉树类为２年生（细叶桉１年生）、相思类为３～４年生，树高桉树和相思类均为１年生，生物量桉树类为２～３年生、相思类为４～６年生。     

武汉地区几种常见水生花卉的应用

对武汉地区常见水生花卉资源进行了调查,统计分析了武汉市园林中常见的20种水生花卉的栽培管理及其园林应用,总结了其中存在的问题并提出了相应的建议。