苦参的化学成分、药理作用及炮制方法的研究进展

苦参是一种传统中药,其主要成分为黄酮类及生物碱类物质,具有清热解毒,抗炎镇痛等药理作用,其炮制方法众多。本文就国内外近些年对苦参的化学成分,药理作用及加工炮制方法的研究进展进行了综述,为对其进一步开发利用提供参考。     

苦参对木材白腐菌的抑制作用研究

为了寻找新型的环保木材防腐剂,选取中草药中具有较强抗菌性能的苦参为试验材料,以木材白腐菌(彩绒革盖菌)为研究对象,研究了中药苦参处理后,菌丝的形态和生长曲线发生的变化.并通过提取苦参的有效成分进行抑菌性能的检测,利用傅立叶红外光谱分析确定苦参中对木材白腐菌起抑制作用的有效成分为苦参碱.这为下一步研究利用中草药作为新型环保的绿色木材防腐剂奠定了坚实的基础.     

菜豆荚斑驳病毒的RT-PCR检测及其传毒介体研究

根据已报道的菜豆荚斑驳病毒(BPMV)RNA2的48 kD蛋白和L-CP两基因编码序列,设计两对特异引物,采用RT-PCR法,有效地扩增出两段部分重叠的特异性片段。将两段序列拼接,得到大小为2 097 bp的片段。该方法能够快速检测大豆病叶中的BPMV,并能大大降低检测中假阳性几率,有效提高BPMV检测精确度。研究中同时发现,小绿叶蝉对菜豆荚斑驳病毒的传播起了一定的促进作用,生物学试验证实了这种现象的存在。     

蜻蜓膜翅前缘脉的纳米力学性能

利用激光三维扫描系统测量了黄蜻膜翅样品的几何外形,获取了黄蜻膜翅几何表面的外形数据点群.利用逆向工程软件对黄蜻膜翅点群数据删除跳点、坏点及与研究无关的数据点并进行平滑和精简处理.根据黄蜻膜翅的外形特征,通过框选点群命令,从点群数据中提取其边界曲线,并对曲线进行调整,将调整好的边界曲线两两拼接在一起,形成黄蜻膜翅较完整的边界曲线.采用由点和曲线形成曲面中的混合点群加边界曲线的造型方法,成功进行了黄蜻膜翅外形三维几何曲面模型的重构.     

苦参种子形态解剖结构研究

用体视显微镜观察苦参种子的形态,并且对用常规石蜡切片法制作的苦参种子横切结构进行观察.结果表明:苦参的种子呈卵圆形,平滑而有光泽,种皮呈黄褐色,有明显的种脐.苦参种子的横切面解剖结构特征为:最外层为栅栏组织逐渐加厚而形成的角质层;表皮层下面为“工”字形的骨状石细胞;种脐部位有较为发达的维管系统;苦参子叶较大,富含大量的淀粉粒.加厚的角质层和骨状石细胞增强了苦参种皮的保护功能,这一特征可能是苦参种子休眠的原因之一.苦参种子形态解剖结构观察为进一步研究苦参种子休眠和硬实性的形成奠定基础.     

人口地理数据的不确定性及其对策研究

采用超声波、冷凝回流及常温浸泡3种方法从苦参中提取分离生物碱,经初步分析,其主要成分为苦参碱、氧化苦参碱等.运用药理学方法对得到的生物碱进行了抗鱼体车轮虫试验,结果显示:苦参生物碱能对鱼体鳃部车轮虫起到有效的驱杀作用;不同提取方法的提取物中由于生物碱的成分与含量有差异,对车轮虫的杀灭效果也有显著差异;超声波提取物中苦参碱的含量最高,对车轮虫的杀灭效果也最好,表明苦参生物碱中对车轮虫起驱杀作用的成分主要是苦参碱.     

Filling the gaps in the Argentinian distribution of orthohantavirus: First finding of Lechiguanas virus in rodents from Corrientes,Argentina

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by orthohantaviruses in the Americas. In Argentina, since 1995, several reservoirs and virus variants have been described, but the northeastern and central endemic zones in the country include an area without human or rodent infections, despite sharing rodent species with areas with that disease. The aim of this study was to search for orthohantavirus in rodent communities that inhabit this area, which borders two endemic areas of HPS. Small rodents were captured in June of 2022 through a total effort of 644 trap nights distributed in five grids located in the Iberá National Park, Corrientes, Northeastern Argentina. All rodents were sexed, weighed, and the species was recorded. Blood samples were extracted to detect ANDV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), and to extract the RNA virus. Trimmed sequences were mapped against reference sequences from GenBank. We captured a total of 36 Oligoryzomys flavescens and 15 Oxymycterus rufus. We detected the O. flavescens species infected with Lechiguanas orthohantavirus in the camping area of the National Park. A nucleotide comparison with previously published sequences shows a 98.34% similarity to the virus obtained from a human case of HPS reported in the adjacent Misiones province. This study demonstrated, for the first time, that O. flavescens is a host of the Lechiguanas orthohantavirus in this zone and contributes to closing information gaps on the distribution of orthohantavirus in Argentina. Additionally, the high similarity with the hantavirus found in the human case of Misiones suggests that the reservoir in that province would also be O. flavescens (not previously confirmed). This information permits us to focus on the preventive measurements to protect the human population.     

苦参生物碱工业生产新方法的探究

用不同浓度的乙醇和阳离子交换树脂对苦参(Sophora flavescens)总生物碱进行提取和纯化,并对不同的苦参生物碱纯化工艺进行比较和研究。结果表明,用60％的乙醇进行提取和用阳离子树脂进行纯化的工艺过程生物碱收率较高,生产成本较低,工序较为简单,有一定的进步性,更适宜工业化的生产。     

苦参黄酮对黄瓜枯萎病及抗性生理的影响

采用溶剂萃取法提取苦参活性成分黄酮物质,研究不同浓度的苦参黄酮对黄瓜枯萎菌菌丝生长、抗病效果及抗性生理的影响.结果表明,苦参黄酮对黄瓜枯萎菌菌丝表现为各浓度(0.25,0.5,1,2,4 g/L)下均具有抑制作用,作用强度随着浓度增加而增强,4 g/L苦参黄酮处理,菌丝抑制率达到93.08%.在治疗处理中,连续施用60 mg/L苦参黄酮效果最好,叶绿素含量、根系活力、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性,分别比对照提高17.79%,71.55%,48.20%,123.80%,151.48%,丙二醛(MDA)含量和相对电导率较对照降低了60.43%和40.57%.在预防处理中,各浓度处理均提高了黄瓜植株的抗病性,其中以80 g/L处理抗病性最强.     

NaCl胁迫对苦参种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

用不同浓度的NaCl溶液处理苦参种子,观测NaCl胁迫对苦参种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:适量的NaCl(<5 g/L)胁迫有利于提高苦参种子的发芽势和发芽率;随着NaCl胁迫浓度升高,苦参种子发芽指数和活力指数均呈下降趋势,胚根、胚芽的生长量及幼苗单株鲜质量都显著低于对照,且高浓度的NaCl(>7 g/L)胁迫可明显抑制种子萌发.