外来有害生物红火蚁在广西蔓延的可能性及防控措施

为了对近年来入侵华南地区及港台地区且危害严重的外来有害生物红火蚁[Solenopsis invicta Buren(Hymenoptera:Formicidae)]有更为详细的了解,文章对红火蚁的地理分布、分类地位、形态特征、生活习性以及危害特性作了介绍,同时根据国内外有关研究结果与经验提出了红火蚁在广西蔓延的可能性及相关防控措施,为广西防控红火蚁提供参考依据。     

林火对大兴安岭典型植被土壤理化性质的影响

以大兴安岭地区西部呼中国家级自然保护区2008年受火烧干扰的林分为研究对象,对2个典型林型落叶松林和白桦林不同火烧强度的土壤理化性质进行了分析。结果表明:2个林型在不同火烧强度的作用下,其土壤含水率、土壤密度、pH值、有机质及营养元素质量分数等理化性质表现出显著的差异性。     

影响森林火灾发生规律的因子分析

森林火灾作为森林生态系统重要的干扰因子,对森林生态系统物质循环和能量流动产生重要影响.科学有效地加强对森林火灾发生规律的研究具有重要的意义.文章对我国森林火灾发生与环境因子的关系进行了评述,总结了我国森林火灾发生的规律性,同时指出了现有研究存在的问题,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望.     

森林消防头盔的人机工程学分析

森林消防头盔的人机工程学设计与其安全性能紧密相关,为了提高森林消防头盔的安全性能,对国内应用广泛的3款消防头盔产品,从外形结构、材料、安全、舒适性等方面进行了性能评价.并根据消防员的使用情况进行数据分析,提出了使用悬挂系统、安装高度调节器、使用外设旋钮的可调式护目镜、分解使用头盔、护目镜、面罩等设计建议,为今后的森林消...     

某型舰船的消防泵控制箱的改装设计

火灾是舰船主要危害之一,对舰船及船员的生命安全早场了严重的影响。确保舰船生命力的一项有力保证就是舰船消防措施。文章针对某型舰船的消防泵控制箱的改造进行了设计研究分析。     

浅谈木材加工厂火险防范及处理方法

结合苇河林业局木材加工的特点和现状,论述了木材加工厂可以引起火灾的因素和危险性,并阐明了针对木材加工厂火险的防范措施和处理方法。     

Forest soil chemical changes following fire

Abstract

Prescribed fire to remove residue in a pine plantation on a sandy soil resulted in increases in pH, P, K and Ca in the top 20 cm of soil during the first 15 months following treatment.     

Erwinia amylovora populations resistant to oxolinic acid in Israel: prevalence, persistence and fitness

Oxolinic acid (OA) has been the only bactericide used against fire blight in pear and quince orchards in Israel since 1998. OA-resistant Erwinia amylovora strains (Ea-OA^R) were detected in several orchards in two restricted areas in the northern Galilee region during 1999–2001. In the following years, resistant strains could not be detected in some of these locations. Documenting the fate of Ea-OA^R strains in commercial orchards at eight sites in northern Israel during 2000/03 revealed that the resistant population appeared irrespective of the number of sprays applied and the severity of the disease. The persistence of the Ea-OA^R populations varied from site to site, ranging from 4 to 20 months; these differences could be attributed to the fire blight management activities of growers. Comparative studies on the fitness of Ea-OA^R and E. amylovora strains sensitive to OA (Ea-OA^S) were conducted in vitro and in planta using two strains of each group. In four of the six comparisons, disease incidence on detached blossoms inoculated with Ea-OA^S was significantly higher than that on blossoms inoculated with Ea-OA^R. In two experiments conducted on 8-year-old pear trees grown under netting, the colonization of Ea-OA^S in blossoms, annual shoots and perennial spurs was significantly higher than that of the Ea-OA^R. In two experiments conducted on 2-year-old trees grown under netting in an experimental station, the incidence of shoots exhibiting fire blight symptoms and the rate of symptom progress within the branches were significantly higher in trees inoculated with Ea-OA^S than in those inoculated with Ea-OA^R. The results of this study suggest that OA-resistant E. amylovora strains have lower fitness than wild-type strains. These findings may have implications for fire blight management.     

马尾松防火道及果园化学除草试验初报

在马尾松的防火道上用5％森泰颗粒剂和25％森泰水剂、在桃树果园用65％草甘膦和41％春多多进行除草试验。结果表明：马尾松防火道用18．75kg／hm^2的森泰颗粒剂处理效果较好；桃树果园则以1500g／hm^2的草甘膦处理效果最好。     

火干扰对喀纳斯泰加林土壤有机碳的影响

为了研究不同火干扰烈度对喀纳斯泰加林土壤有机碳含量及碳储量的影响,以喀纳斯泰加林同一火烧时间不同火干扰烈度的火烧迹地为研究对象,对不同土层(0～10 cm,10～25 cm)有机碳含量进行测定并估算其碳储量,采用单因素方差分析及LSD多重比较进行差异显著性分析。结果表明,相同火干扰烈度下0～10 cm土层土壤有机碳及碳储量均大于10～25 cm土层。0～10 cm土层中碳储量表现为:未火烧>轻度火干扰>中度火干扰>重度火干扰,在10～25 cm土层中碳储量表现为:轻度火干扰>中度火干扰>未火烧>重度火干扰。0～10 cm土层的土壤有机碳含量和碳储量以及10～25 cm土层的有机碳含量损失程度会随着火干扰烈度的增加而增加。10～25 cm土层碳储量会在轻度和中度火干扰后出现增加。