Effects of different ecological and silvicultural factors on beetle catches in the Turkish fir (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Abies bornmülleriana</Emphasis> Mattf.) ecosystems

To study the bark beetle attacks on Turkish fir stands and to determine the principle site and stand factors influencing beetle attacks, trap log method was used in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey. The study was carried out in ten different locations prior to flying time in February 2003. On each experimental plot, three healthy fir trees with 30–50 cm diameter and 200 m apart were cut down with a chainsaw. From each sampling tree, needles were sub-sampled for determination of specific leaf-area and macro-nutrient concentrations. In addition, on each experimental plot, crown closure, basal-area, and stand density were measured. To determine the bulk density and nutrient concentrations of the soil, samples were taken around trees on each plot. The relationship between measured stand variables, the number of beetle species and beetle populations were evaluated using correlation and stepwise multiple regression procedure. Eight different species belonging to four different families from Coleoptera were identified in examining the trap logs. Six of these eight species (Pissodes piceae Illig., Pissodes notatus Fabr., Cryphalus piceae Ratz., Pityophthorus pityographus Ratz., Xyloterus lineatus Oliv., Pityokteines curvidens Germ.) were identified as harmful beetles (HB). The other two (Thanasimus formicarius L. and Rhizophagus dispar Payk.) were identified as predator species. The analysis showed that the total number of HB increased as the site’s slope and needle specific leaf area increased. However, as needle N concentrations increased, HB population decreased. Increased Ca concentration in fir needle reduced total insect attack.     

杉木幼龄林叶片营养元素含量与林木生长的相关性

本文重点论述丘陵立地条件下 ,1、2代杉木幼龄林高生长、当年高生长、胸径生长与叶片中营养元素N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Mn、Zn、Fe含量的相关关系 ,进而从林木营养这个角度 ,为提高林木产量、防治地力衰退提供可靠的科学依据。研究结果表明 :2代杉木幼龄林生长与N、P、Mg、Cu、Mn、Fe含量呈密切的正相关。 1代杉木幼龄林生长虽与P、Mg、Cu、Mn、Fe含量呈正相关 ,但复相关系数数值偏低。也就是说土壤养分含量尚没有明显影响 1代杉木幼龄林正常生长     

Chemical characterization of smoke from the production process of wood-plastic composites

The chemical composition of unpleasant smell, emitted from the production process of wood-plastic composites using Manchurian ash sawdust (Fraxinus mandschurica Rupr.) and polypropylene powder as the raw material, was investigated. Wood sawdust and polypropylene powder were subjected to heat treatment to 290°C during 8 min (the conditions were similar to those employed on an industrial scale). The emitted compounds were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analytical r...     

Use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Measure Mechanical Properties of Solid Wood

The visible and near infrared （NIR） （350-2500 nm） spectra and the MOE of 438 small clear wood samples from Chinese fir, eucalyptus and poplar 72 were measured. Using partial least-square （PLS） modeling, the NIR spectra could be used to predict MOE and MOR of the clear-wood samples from Chinese fir and eucalyptus solid wood. NIR spectra could only be used to Predict MOE but not MOR of poplar clear-wood samples. With the exception of MoR of poplar clear-wood samples, the correlations between NIR and the mechanical properties are very strong, and the calibration and test correlation coefficients are both above 0.80.     

Intratree Variability of Tensile Strength Parallel to Grain in Chinese Fir and 1-214 Poplar from Plantation

The variation of tensile strength parallel to grain in Chinese fir and 1-214 poplar wood from plantations was studied in this paper. Aaccording to the national standards The Testing Methods for Physical and Mechanical Properties of Wood （GB 1927 to 1943 -- 1991）, the small clear wood samples were cut and tested, which represent the south and north of trees with heights of 1.3, 3.3, 5.3 and 7.3 m. The results showed： the tensile strength parallel to grain of the north wood was higher than that of south wood. ANOVA shows that the tensile strength parallel to the grain with height is of significant difference （at 0.05 level）.     

福建省杉木人工林生物量及其分配研究

通过收集福建省杉木林生物量数据,对福建省杉木林生物量及其分配规律进行分析,结果表明,杉木林生物量随年龄增长呈逐渐增加趋势,并以幂方程拟合的效果最好。杉木林叶和枝生物量占总生物量的比例均随年龄增加而呈明显下降趋势,根占总生物量比例的下降趋势则较小,而干占总生物量比例则随年龄增长而明显增加。叶、枝、干生物量占总生物量比例与年龄拟合的效果较好,且最佳方程均为三次方程。根生物量占总生物量比例与年龄拟合的效果则较差。除年龄对根生物量分配比例有极显著负相关外,降水量对根系生物量分配比例亦有显著的负相关。     

杉木短穗扦插苗与实生苗生长对比研究

为了培育杉木速生丰产林，用杉木优质短穗扦插苗与实生苗进行更新造林试验。通过3、9和15a期的观测，结果表明，杉木优质短穗扦插苗表现为林相整齐、速生丰产的特点。平均胸径、立木材积比实生苗高，均超过极显著的水平。说明采用杉木优质短穗扦插苗造林是解决杉木连栽产量低，保持杉木速生丰产的有效途径。     

几个植物种叶片生化物质对杉木种子的发芽效应

对杉木、丝栗栲及木荷叶片的生化物质进行了初步的分离,并用杉木种子进行了生物检测.结果表明:经木荷和丝栗栲处理的,就绝对发芽率和胚根长而言,其弱极性生化物质组分的促进作用大于极性生化物质组分的;就鲜质量和干质量而言,极性生化物质组分的促进作用大于弱极性生化物质组分的;经杉木处理的,就绝对发芽率、胚根长及鲜质量而言,杉木叶片弱极性生化物质组分的抑制作用大于极性生化物质组分的活性,而对于干质量而言,极性生化物质组分的抑制作用大于弱极性生化物质组分的.     

蒸汽爆破后毛果冷杉湿心材的渗透性分析

测定毛果冷杉湿心材经蒸汽爆破处理后的渗透性, 并进行扫描电镜分析.与对照材相比,毛果冷杉湿心材爆破处理后,径向、弦向的气体渗透性均得到不同程度的改善,且随着爆破压力、爆破温度和爆破循环次数的增加而增加.统计分析表明,不同爆破处理后的湿心材渗透性与对照材的差异均显著.湿心材渗透性的改善,主要是由于蒸汽爆破时产生的蒸汽压力使原本闭塞的纹孔膜产生了部分复位或纹孔膜遭到了破坏.     

杉木林下植被对5～15cm土壤性质的改良*

对江西大岗山山下林场杉木人工材５－１５ｃｍ土壤性质研究结果表明：土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌数量，细菌中芽孢杆菌，放线菌中灰色菌丝群以及真菌中的曲毒和木霉数量，随林下植被盖度的增大而提高。