An investigation of uncertainty in field habitat mapping and the implications for detecting land cover change

Land cover data for landscape ecological studies are frequently obtained by field survey. In the United Kingdom, temporally separated field surveys have been used to identify the locations and magnitudes of recent changes in land cover. However, such map data contain errors which may seriously hinder the identification of land cover change and the extent and locations of rare landscape features. This paper investigates the extent of the differences between two sets of maps derived from field surveys within the Northumberland National Park in 1991 and 1992. The method used in each survey was the Phase 1 approach of the Nature Conservancy Council of Great Britain. Differences between maps were greatest for the land cover types with the smallest areas. Overall spatial correspondence between maps was found to be only 44.4%. A maximum of 14.4% of the total area surveyed was found to have undergone genuine land cover change. The remaining discrepancies, equivalent to 41.2% of the total survey area, were attributed primarily to differences of land cover interpretation between surveyors (classification error). Differences in boundary locations (positional error) were also noted, but were found to be a relatively minor source of error. The implications for the detection of land cover change and habitat mapping are discussed.     

Characterisation of energy-dependent efflux of imazalil and fenarimol in isolates of Penicillium italicum with a low,medium and high degree of resistance to DMI-fungicides

Differential accumulation of [¹⁴C]imazalil and [¹⁴C]fenarimol by germlings of wild-type and DMI-resistant isolates ofPenicillium italicum was studied at various pH values. At pH 7 and 8 the low-resistant isolate E_300–3 accumulated 22% and 35%, respectively, less imazalil than the wild-type isolate W₅. Imazalil accumulation at pH 5 and 6 was similar. Isolate E_300–3 also accumulated less fenarimol as compared with the wild-type isolate. This difference was much more obvious than for imazalil and was observed at all pH values tested. Differences in accumulation of both imazalil and fenarimol between low (E_300–3), medium (H₁₇) and high resistant (I₃₃) isolates were not observed. These results suggest that decreased accumulation of DMIs is responsible for a low level of resistance only and that additional mechanisms of resistance might operate in isolates with a medium and high degree of resistance. With all isolates fenarimol accumulation was energy-dependent. This was not obvious for imazalil.The wild-type and DMI-resistant isolates had a similar plasma membrane potential as determined with the probe [¹⁴C]tetraphenylphosphonium bromide ([¹⁴C]TPP⁺). Various test compounds, among which ATPase inhibitors, ionophoric antibiotics and calmodulin antagonists, affected the accumulation of [¹⁴C]TPP⁺, [¹⁴C]imazalil and [¹⁴C]fenarimol. No obvious correlation between the effects of the test compounds on accumulation levels of the fungicides and [¹⁴C]TPP⁺ could be observed. These results indicate that the plasma membrane potential does not mediate the efflux of DMI fungicides byP. italicum.     

某类高阶非线性偏微分方程组弱解的正则性

本文研究一类2k阶非线性偏微分方程组之解的正则性,没有假定通常的椭圆性条件而只假定所谓"无穷远处"的椭圆性条件,证明了解的k-1阶导数为李普希兹连续的.     

用吹扫捕集法测定十字花科蔬菜中挥发性物质

采用吹扫捕集技术(Purge and Trap technique)对不同十字花科蔬菜中的挥发性成分进行了富集,以气质联用仪(GC／MS)进行鉴定。结果在白菜、羽衣甘蓝、芥蓝、青花菜、芥菜和大白菜中共鉴定出86种挥发性物质,化合物的种类包括醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类、硫醚类等,同时还发现了硫苷降解产物异硫氰酸盐和腈类等化合物。     

野生朱红硫磺菌驯化栽培研究

营养试验、菌丝体培养和出菇温度试验、培养基酸碱度试验、出菇条件试验结果表明：朱红硫磺菌菌丝体适宜生长的温度范围为15-32℃，最适温度范围为22～28℃；子实体发生的最适温度为16～25℃，气温低于16℃，子实体色泽为淡橙色，16℃以上，子实体呈鲜橙红色；培养料适宜营养C／N为20-26／1；朱红硫磺菌菌丝体适宜酸碱度范围为pH3．0～8．0，最适酸碱度为pH4．0—6．5；朱红硫磺菌的产量与光照条件无关，但光照强度影响子实体的发生时间和色泽；朱红硫磺菌栽培原料广泛，凡栽培木腐菌的培养料均可用于栽培朱红硫磺菌。     

破壁蜂花粉对蛋鸡免疫功能及肠道菌群的影响

试验将槐花蜂花粉进行振动磨超微粉碎破壁,分别按1 g/kg、5 g/kg、10 g/kg三个不同剂量混到蛋鸡饲料中,从7日龄开始饲喂至50日龄,每个剂量分两个试验,试验一用新城疫Ⅳ系疫苗免疫雏鸡,利用β-微量法监测血清中的血凝抑制抗体效价的动态变化;试验二用大肠杆菌油乳苗免疫雏鸡,利用间接血凝法监测血清中大肠杆菌抗体效价的动态变化。分别定期称重捕杀取脾、胸腺、法氏囊,计算免疫器官指数,取肠道内容物计数大肠杆菌和乳酸菌,测定肠道内pH值。结果表明,不同剂量的破壁蜂花粉均能不同程度地提高病毒抗原性抗体效价和菌体抗原性抗体效价,对雏鸡免疫器官的发育以及肠道内环境、菌群的平衡也有一定影响。     

辣椒红色素的检测方法

综述辣椒红色素的多种检测方法,即溶解性试验、显色反应、分光光度测定法及薄层层析法。