黑豆酸奶发酵微生物鉴定与发酵特性研究

利用形态学观察、生理生化方法对黑豆酸奶发酵菌株FJAT-7926和FJAT-7928进行分类鉴定.2株菌的菌体均为杆状,无芽孢,革兰氏阳性,过氧化氢酶阴性.菌株FJAT-7926的生理生化特征与植物乳杆菌Lactobacillus plantarum一致,菌株FJAT-7928的生理生化特征与干酪乳杆菌Lactobac...     

农业院校发酵工程实验课程教学改革

对发酵工程实验课进行改革,以提高学生在实验课中的主体地位。     

中药渣用于培养灵芝菌及功能成分分析

该文利用中药渣培养灵芝菌,研究灵芝菌的最适发酵条件,子实体生长条件及其生物活性成分(灵芝多糖及灵芝三萜化合物)和重金属含量。结果表明:灵芝菌固体发酵最适温度为26～28℃,培养基含水量55～60％,pH值5．0～6．0,氧气充足,无需光照;子实体的适宜生长条件为:温度25～30℃,空气湿度90％左右,pH值4．0～6．0,氧气充足,需要光照。分析检测了灵芝酸多糖含量,重金属含量均在安全范围内。     

Effect of soybean husk supplementation on the fecal fermentation metabolites and microbiota of dogs

In vitro fermentation and in vivo feeding experiments were conducted to characterize the effects of soybean (Glycine max) husk on the fecal fermentation metabolites and microbiota of dogs. An in vitro fermentation study using feces from three Toy Poodle dogs (6.5 ± 3.5 months in age and 2.9 ± 0.4 kg in body weight) revealed that the fecal inoculum was able to ferment soybean husk (supplemented at 0.01 g/mL culture) and increased levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and Bifidobacterium, irrespective of pre‐digestion of the husk by pepsin and pancreatin. In a feeding experiment, four Shiba dogs (7–48 months in age and 7.5 ± 1.7 kg in body weight) fed a commercial diet supplemented with 5.6% soybean husk showed an increase in SCFA, such as acetate and butyrate, and lactate, and a decrease in indole and skatole in the feces compared to those fed a 5.6% cellulose diet. Real‐time PCR assay showed that soybean husk supplementation stimulated the growth of lactobacilli, Clostridium cluster IV including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Clostridium cluster XIVa, Bacteroides‐Prevotella‐Porphyromonas group but inhibited the growth of Clostridium cluster XI. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that soybean husk supplementation improves gastrointestinal health through optimization of beneficial organic acid production and increase of beneficial bacteria. Therefore, soybean husk is suggested to be applicable as a functional fiber in the formulation of canine diets.     

棉酚对瘤胃真菌和细菌体外发酵稻草活力的影响

体外研究了不同质量浓度5、20、40 mg/L棉酚对瘤胃厌氧真菌和瘤胃细菌发酵稻草活力的影响。瘤胃真菌发酵试验中,各处理组的底物消失率均显著低于对照组(0)(P<0.05)。产气量结果表明,20、40 mg/L两试验组的发酵明显滞后于其它各组,且发酵24 h和48 h的累计产气量显著低于对照组及51、0 mg/L试验组(P<0.05),说明20 mg/L和40 mg/L的棉酚可显著抑制瘤胃真菌的发酵。在瘤胃细菌发酵试验中,51、0 mg/L棉酚处理组的底物消失率与对照组(0)无明显差异,而20和40 mg/L棉酚处理组的底物消失率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。累计产气量结果表明,各浓度水平的棉酚对瘤胃细菌发酵无明显的滞后效应。因此,瘤胃真菌对棉酚较为敏感,而瘤胃细菌对棉酚有较强的耐受能力,但高浓度的棉酚对细菌发酵活力有一定的抑制作用。     

生物法提取杜仲胶菌株筛选及发酵条件优化

采集杜仲老林区的土壤和腐殖质,以杜仲皮作为基质多次富集培养,分离其优势菌,通过测定其发酵性能指标并建立菌株综合选择指数,筛选生物法提取杜仲胶的优良菌株,并研究优良菌株的发酵适宜条件。筛选出了优良菌株P-24,该菌株具有降解能力强,发酵周期短,杜仲胶的发酵损失率小等优点,其适宜的发酵温度为30℃、基质含水率65%、初始pH7.0,在此条件下发酵12d,杜仲皮的发酵物去除率可达93.02%,发酵剩余物中杜仲胶的含量为74.71%,杜仲胶的得率为5.25%。筛选优良菌株是生物法提取杜仲胶的关键;菌株P-24在实际生产中具有一定的应用价值。     

棉秆生物发酵利用的研究进展

论文对棉秆的几种常见处理方法进行了分析,阐述了发酵棉秆在畜牧业和农业上的利用,展望了棉秆发酵的前景。     

Comparison Study of Growth Performance,Nutrient Digestion,Rumen Fermentation and Blood Physiological Indexes between Yaks (Bos grunniens) and Cattle (Bos taurus) under Low-Concentrate Barn Fattening北大核心CSCD

This study was aimed to compare the growth performance, nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation and blood physiological indexes between yaks (Bos grunniens) and cattle (Bos taurus) under low-concentrate barn fattening, which provide data reference and technical support for breed and feeding technology selection of fattening beef cattle in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. In this experiment, six healthy yaks [(211 ±6) kg] and six healthy Qaidam cattle [(210±7) kg], all castrated and 4 years of age, were selected and raised in individual metabolic cages. The experimental diets consisted of concentrate (2.0 kg / d per head) and forage (ad libitum) . The pre-experiment lasted for 10 days, and the trial lasted for 95 days. The results showed as follows: 1) total dry matter intake were significantly lower in yaks than cattle (P<0.05), whereas average daily gain was not different between yaks and cattle (P>0.05), therefore, feed / gain was significantly lower in yaks than cattle (P<0.05) . 2) There was no difference between yaks and cattle in apparent digestibilities of nutrients (P>0.05) . 3) Ruminal pH tended to be higher (P = 0.083), and the concentrations of iso-volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were significantly greater in yaks than cattle (P<0.05), whereas the concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), acetate, propionate and butyrate were not significantly different between yaks and cattle (P>0.05) . 4) Concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, free amino acid nitrogen and soluble protein nitrogen in rumen were significantly greater in yaks than cattle (P<0.05) . 5) The red blood cells (RBC) amount, hemoglobin (HGB) content, hematocrit (HCT) and red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW-CV) were significantly lower (P < 0. 05), whereas mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) content and platelets (PLT) amount were significantly higher in yaks than cattle (P<0.05) . In conclusion, yaks have lower feed intake, but have a greater feed conversion efficiency than cattle, therefore, yaks can produce a greater economic benefits than cattle under low-concentrate barn fattening system. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Optimization of 0-8 Aspergillus oryzae Solid State Fermentation Conditions and the Effect of Fermented Product on Nutrient Digestion of Broiler

The high-yield protease was obtained by screening high-yield protease Aspergillus oryzae and optimizing its solid-state fermentation conditions, and then the effect of fermented product on nutrient digestion in broiler was studied. After the screening and re-screening of 8 different Aspergillus oryzae spores, a new Aspergillus oryzae strain 0-8 with high acid protease was obtained. The fermentation conditions of acid protease were optimized by single factor and orthogonal test experiment. The results showed that the optimum temperature was 30℃, the most suitable fermentation time was 66 h, the initial water content was 47.40%, the inoculation quantity was 1.5×10⁷ spores/mL, the content of bran was 80%, C/N was 1/3, the optimized vigor of acid protease reached 14 416.64 U/g, which was 157.02% higher than that before optimization. 500 mg/kg Aspergillus oryzae 0-8 fermented product was added in the broiler diet, and the mutrient digestibility of broiler were measured after 10 d of adaptation and 5 d of test period. The results of the nutrient digestion of broilers showed that feeding Aspergillus oryzae 0-8 fermentation increased the CP and energy digestibility of broiler in a certain degree compared to control group, but there's no significant difference (P>0.05). Dietary supplementation of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation was beneficial to the production of broilers, but its additive dose or feeding pattern should be further studied.     

多株益生菌复合饲料发酵剂的应用效果试验

选择180头"外三元"肥育猪,分小、中、大猪三个试验组,同时饲喂3种试验日粮(即三组饲料原料的发酵产品),每种试验日粮的饲喂量分成3个水平,并以饲喂基础日粮(即全价配合饲料)为对照。饲喂45 d(正试期30 d)后,统计日增重,并屠宰大猪测定猪肉品质。结果表明:与单纯饲喂基础日粮相比,添加试验日粮Ⅰ、试验日粮Ⅱ、试验日粮Ⅲ的育肥猪的生产性能明显提高,日均增重分别提高了13.6%～17.1%(P<0.05)、1.8%～8.9%、3.5%～13.8%,肉质明显改善,猪肉滴水损失分别降低了33.72%、16.17%2、2.61%,且肌肉粗蛋白、肌肉脂肪含量有不同程度的提高。