冬季秸秆还田对冬灌田水稻生长期CH4产生、氧化和排放的影响

有机肥施用和土壤水分管理是影响稻田CH4排放最重要的2个因素。本文通过室内培养和田间试验研究了冬季秸秆还田对冬灌田水稻生长期CH4的产生、氧化和排放的影响。结果表明:淹水混施处理CH4产生潜力在水稻移栽后35和51天显著大于淹水不施肥处理(p0.05),其余时间则无显著差异(p0.05);冬季秸秆还田对CH4氧化潜力无显著影响(p0.05),水稻生长期土温和稻田施用氮肥可能是较其更重要的影响因素;淹水混施处理CH4平均排放通量(CH426.7mg/(m2·h))显著大于淹水不施处理(CH420.3mg/(m2·h))(p0.05)。     

微囊藻毒素的检测方法及其降解技术研究进展

微囊藻毒素是富营养化淡水水体中最常见的藻类毒素,它是一类具有多种异构体的环状多肽物质。较详细地介绍了水体中微囊藻毒素的结构、特性及其危害,并综述了有关其检测方法及降解技术的国内外最新研究进展;最后,对微囊藻毒素降解技术的发展方向进行了探讨和展望。     

高级氧化法处理腈纶厂废水的研究进展

介绍了腈纶厂废水的主要来源和危害,并综述了几种高级氧化法在处理腈纶废水、丙烯腈废水中的研究进展,同时分析了高级氧化法处理腈纶厂废水的作用机理、优势和存在的问题,并对其应用前景提出了展望。     

Antioxidative Effect of Chlorella Pyrenoidosa Protein Hydrolysates and Their Application in Krill Oil-in-Water Emulsions

Chlorella pyrenoidosa is an excellent source of protein, and in this research, we assessed the antioxidant and emulsifying effects of Chlorella protein hydrolysate (CPH) using neutral proteases and alkaline proteases, as well as the properties of CPH-derived krill oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. The CPHs exhibited the ability to scavenge several kinds of free radicals, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), O₂⁻, hydroxyl, and ABTS. Additionally, the CPHs (5 mg/mL) scavenged approximately 100% of the DPPH and ABTS. The CPHs showed similar emulsifying activities to Tween 20 and excellent foaming activities (max FS 74%), which helped to stabilize the krill oil-in-water emulsion. Less than 10 mg/mL CPHs was able to form fresh krill oil-in-water emulsions; moreover, the CPHs (5 mg/mL) in a krill O/W emulsion were homogenous, opaque, and stable for at least 30 days. Based on their inhibitory effects on the peroxide value (POV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TRABS), the CPHs were found to be able to inhibit lipid oxidation in both emulsifying systems and krill O/W emulsions. Thus, the CPHs could improve superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities by 5- or 10-fold and decrease the high reactive oxygen species (ROS) level caused by the addition of H₂O₂ in vitro. In conclusion, health-promoting CPHs could be applied in krill oil-in-water emulsions as both emulsifiers and antioxidants, which could help to improve the oxidative and physical stability of emulsions.     

玉米幼芽提取物对小鼠皮肤UVA照射损伤的保护作用

研究了玉米幼芽提取物(extract of maize plumule,EMP)对长波紫外线(UVA)损伤的小鼠皮肤超微结构、抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化作用的影响。结果表明,UVA模型小鼠真皮细胞内出现空泡变性,线粒体肿胀、嵴减少,粗面内质网和核周间隙扩张;表皮细胞微绒毛减少,细胞固缩,细胞核染色质边集。EMP保护的小鼠皮肤细胞损伤程度明显减轻,结构基本正常。EMP可显著提高UVA辐射小鼠皮肤组织中的SOD活性(P<0.01)及CAT活性(P<0.05),降低MDA含量(P<0.05),与VC的抗氧化作用一致。表明EMP能够抵抗UVA对皮肤组织的氧化损伤。     

脱脂椰子种皮提取物抗氧化活性研究

以脱脂椰子种皮为试验材料,分别用异丙醇、正己烷和乙醚提取其中的酚类化合物,采用Folin-Ciocalteu比色法测定3种提取物的总酚含量,并对3种提取物的总抗氧化活性及对猪油的氧化稳定性进行评价.结果表明,正己烷提取物的总酚含量最高,其次是异丙醇提取物,乙醚提取物最低;异丙醇提取物的抗氧化能力最高,正己烷提取物和乙醚提取物次之.3种溶剂提取物对猪油的氧化均有一定的抑制作用,其中异丙醇提取物对猪油的氧化抑制效果最明显.     

Effects of dietary vitamin E level on growth and tissue lipid peroxidation of soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis (Wiegmann)

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of dietary vitamin E supplementation on growth, liver lipid peroxidation and liver and muscle vitamin E level of soft‐shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis. Eight experimental diets analysed to contain 0–457 IU vitamin E kg^?1 were fed to juvenile soft‐shelled turtle of 4.8 g initial body weight for 12 weeks. Weight gain (WG) of the turtles fed the diet containing no vitamin E was significantly lower than those fed diets containing 83–457 IU vitamin E kg^?1 (P<0.05). Feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio showed similar trends to that of WG. No significant difference (P>0.05) was found in whole‐body composition among turtles fed the different diets. Dietary vitamin E requirement using WG as the response and estimated using the broken‐line regression model is approximately 88 IU kg^?1. Liver and muscle vitamin E content increased when dietary vitamin E level increased. Ascorbate‐induced lipid peroxidation in liver tissue of turtles fed diets containing 0 and 17 IU vitamin E kg^?1 was significantly (P<0.05) greater than those fed diets containing high vitamin E (≥35 IU kg^?1).     

Effect of pH on Structural Changes in Perch Hemoglobin that Can Alter Redox Stability and Heme Affinity

pH can be manipulated to alter the oxidative stability of fish-based foods during storage. X-ray diffraction was used to investigate the ability of reduced pH to cause structural changes in fish hemoglobins that lead to enhanced oxidative degradation. Decreasing pH from 8.0 to 6.3 and 5.7 created a large channel for solvent entry into the heme crevice of perch hemoglobin beta chains. The proton-induced opening of this channel occurred between site CD3 and the heme-6-propionate. Solvent entry into the heme crevice can enhance metHb formation and hemin loss, processes that accelerate lipid oxidation. Reduced pH also decreased the distance between Ile at E11 in one of the alpha chains and the ligand above the heme iron atom. This sterically displaces O₂ and protonated O₂ which increases metHb formation. These studies demonstrate that pH reduction causes structural changes in perch hemoglobin which increase oxidative degradation of the heme pigment.     

应用于冷水鱼养殖的臭氧-氨氮反应塔设计及试验

为了处理冷水鱼养殖过程中养殖水体内积累的氨氮,基于气泡流体力学原理,根据臭氧气泡在水体中的运动、溶解扩散和大小变化方程,设计了一种双层逆流臭氧反应塔,并在工厂化养殖试验系统中进行了臭氧氧化氨氮效果试验和养殖水体臭氧残留浓度监测试验。结果表明,利用该反应塔进行臭氧催化氧化氨氮,可以去除养殖水体中54%的氨氮,处理效果较好;对养殖水体臭氧浓度监测表明,臭氧在水中的残留浓度低于0.01 mg/L,符合养殖鱼类对水体臭氧浓度的安全要求。通过设计、研制和试验,证明双层逆流臭氧氧化反应塔结构合理、氧化反应充分,达到了设计高效臭氧氧化氨氮设备的目的。     

尿素施用对稻田土壤甲烷产生、氧化及排放的影响

通过田间和培养试验研究了不施尿素(N0kg/hm2)和施用尿素(N300kg/hm2)对水稻生长期稻田土壤CH4产生潜力、氧化潜力和排放通量的影响。结果表明,水稻全生育期内,施用尿素降低土壤CH4产生潜力,并推迟其达到最大值的时间;尿素作为基肥和穗肥施用抑制土壤CH4氧化,而作为分蘖肥施用短暂地促进然后抑制土壤CH4氧化;施用尿素降低稻田CH4排放量。施用尿素通过同时影响CH4产生潜力和氧化潜力来影响稻田CH4排放。