Effects of density and structure on production in the communal forests of the Mexican Sierra Madre Occidental

The Sierra Madre Occidental in the Mexican State of Durango, is home to about 5 million ha of species-rich forest ecosystems. Local communities depend on these forests for their livelihood. The preservation of the species richness and productivity of this unique resource requires improved understanding of the effects of forest structure and density on production. The community structure was analysed for three species groups (all species; 12 species of Pinus; and 16 species of Quercus). Based on data gathered in 580 remeasured observational field plots, the main results of this study were as follows: (1) two distinct clusters were identified in each species group, (a) the dominant species with a smaller range of growth rates, and (b) the remaining species which have a smaller maximum size and a greater variation of growth rates. (2) Density (expressed as basal area per hectare) and the percentage contribution to the total basal area of all pine species have a significant effect on forest production (expressed as volume increment per hectare per year). (3) Potential production is surprisingly high (in excess of 20 m³ ha^?1 y^?1 for some stands) in these forests, but the high potential cannot be realised in many areas because of reduced basal areas caused by overharvesting. (4) The available evidence does not confirm the findings of a recent study that suggests a continuous increase in production with increasing richness. Our observations show that production attains a potential maximum at intermediate levels of richness (between 7 and 9 species per 0.25 ha) and declines with further increases in species richness. This study represents a comprehensive analysis of the effects of density and structure on the community forests of the Sierra Madre Occidental based on a large set of permanent field plots where all trees have been mapped.     

毕节市创建国家森林城市可行性分析与策略探讨

通过遥感判读、文献资料整理以及实地抽样调查等相结合的方法,对毕节市创建国家森林城市政策环境、创森指标现状、优势和制约因素等方面进行了系统分析,并提出了对策和建议,以期为我国岩溶高原地区创建森林城市提供参考。     

Assessing the effects of site factors on the productivity of a feller buncher:a time and motion analysis

We evaluated,for the first time in Turkey,the productivity of a feller buncher during clear-cut operations of two Brutian pine stands located in Canakkale,northwestern Turkey with different diameter classes and terrain conditions.In the first stand with 24.6 cm average DBH,the feller buncher cut full trees and moved them to roadside.In the second stand with 34.3 cm average DBH,the feller buncher cut trees in two stages due to their larger diameters and the relatively steep and rough terrain conditions of the site.The effects of specific stand features,DBH and tree height measurements were assessed through statistical analysis in relation to productivity.The results indicate that the average productivity for the first stand was about 118 m^3h^-1,while it was about 80 m3h-1 in the second stand.Even though tree diameter and volume were higher in the second stand,productivity decreased by32.3%due to extra time spent on the two-stage cutting operation.The results revealed that harvesting operations should be planned carefully and the right equipment selected by accounting for different tree sizes,terrain conditions and machine specifications in order to better understand their effects on production.     

淳化县泥河沟流域果林发展与综合效益遥感动态研究

利用不同时期遥感信息资源、结合实地调查测绘，编制不同时期果林类型图，经过叠合比较，建立动态分类系统，获得果林类型动态图，以此分析淳化县泥河沟流域１９８６￣１９９５年果林面积的动态变化与综合效益。     

甘肃红豆草品种特征特性分化变异及提纯研究

通过测定当年播种的甘肃红豆草Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop.cv.Gansu苗期真叶叶型、叶序叶数模式、生育期、株型、根颈分枝色泽、种子刺型的差别,结果表明,甘肃红豆草种群存在分化变异,已严重退化.建议:采取真叶选育和片选法结合,通过单株选育,培育红豆草早、中、晚熟品系.     

索道融入城市交通系统的可行性分析与展望

在简要介绍我国城市交通现状和未来趋势的基础上,提出应该大力发展公共交通,建立完善、多元化的城市交通网络。结合索道的特点,分析索道在公共交通网络中应该发挥的作用,讨论在5类特殊区域建设索道的可行性。     

伊春市福轩木业公司细木工板生产线改扩建项目经济效益可行性分析

结合伊春市福轩木业公司细木工板生产线改扩建项目实际,对细木工板项目的投资及经济效益进行了详细分析,论证了该项目的经济可行性。     

原竹对剖联丝展开重组技术的推广

阐述了原竹对剖联丝展开重组技术的工艺流程,指出新工艺减少了加工工序,提高了竹材利用率和竹青面耐磨性,降低了生产成本;从原竹对剖联丝展开重组技术制备的层积材性能与特点,分析了新工艺的创新点,并从经济效益和社会效益两点分析了新技术的可行性。重组技术的推广应用,竹制品行业将大大提高竹材利用率,降低生产成本,实现产品换代升级,企业更具有生命力。     

福建省林业检查站现状与改进对策

通过对福建省99个林业检查站工作现状的调查,作者认为:1)林业检查站在有效地维护木材、野生动植物的正常运输,有效地打击违法运输,有效防止和制止有害生物传播等方面发挥了巨大的作用;2)林业检查站主要面临着工作条件艰苦,人员少任务重,执法环境差等问题;3)存在问题的主要原因是管理体制不顺,各级政府及主管部门对林业检查站的作用认识不足,相关部门协调沟通不够;4)建议今后要有效整合执法力量、理顺管理体制,加大资金投入力度,协调道路运输各相关部门配合工作。     

中日两国地区旅游形象设计比较研究及其对我国的启示

指出了地区旅游形象设计不仅仅有助于宣传当地旅游形象,而且有助于扩大本地的知名度,增进人们对本地的好感。为此,很多国家和地区都非常重视旅游形象的设计。从中国和日本的情况来看,由于传统文化思想、审美能力、设计人员的阅历和艺术创造观等诸多方面的差异,使得两国在旅游形象主题词、形象Logo和宣传口号的设计方面出现了不同的特色。针对两国已经公布的地区旅游形象设计进行了深入地剖析与阐述。通过比较研究,有助于两方取长补短,提高旅游形象设计水平,从而更好地开展宣传和扩大相关地区的知名度。