裸果木种群遗传多样性特点及与地理气候因子关联研究

本文利用ISSR标记技术,选取15对引物,对分布于西北荒漠区12个裸果木种群的遗传多样性以及与地理气候因子的相关性进行了分析。结果表明：群体内多态性位点百分率（PPL）为88.81%,种群水平为69.93%;Nei’s基因多样性指数（He）变化范围为0.2356~0.2697,Shannom信息指数（I）变化范围为0.3509~0.4057,具较高的遗传多样性水平。基因分化系数（Gst）为0.2790,种群间遗传分化较小,种群内存有丰富的遗传变异。经Mantel检验,种群遗传距离与地理距离有相关性（R²=0.2144）。利用NTSYSpc-2.1软件进行UPGMA法聚类,各种群样品间的遗传相似系数在0.81～0.99之间,按照遗传距离远近,裸果木12个种群可分为4大类群。经相关性分析,种群遗传多样性与纬度、海拔存在正相关（P<0.05）与年均温存在负相关（P<0.05）。     

Hepatitis E virus in Cuba: A cross-sectional serological and virological study in pigs and people occupationally exposed to pigs

Surveillance of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in risk groups is an important strategy to monitor its circulation pattern and to timely detect changes thereof. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to estimate the prevalence of HEV infections in pigs and humans from different regions of the country, to identify risk factors for increasing anti-HEV IgG prevalence and to characterize HEV strains. The presence of anti-HEV antibodies was assessed by commercial ELISA in serum samples from the general population, farm and slaughterhouse employees, as well as pigs sampled in the three regions of Cuba from February to September 2016. Overall, individuals with occupational exposure to swine or swine products (70/248, 28.2%) were 4 times more likely to be seropositive compared to the general population (25/285, 8.7%; OR: 4.18; p < .001). Within the risk group, risk factors included age, number of years working in a professional activity with direct exposure to swine, geographic region and distance between residence and closest professional swine setting, while wearing gloves had a protective effect. Prevalence of total anti-HEV antibodies in swine was 88.2% (165/187) and HEV RNA was detected by real-time RT-PCR in 9.2% (16/173) swine stools. All HEV strains sequenced clustered within genotype 3. Some strains clearly belonged to subtype 3a, while another group of strains was related with subtypes 3b and 3 k but partial HEV sequences did not allow unequivocal subtype assignment. These findings suggest that the high HEV exposure in Cuban individuals with swine-related occupations could be due to enzootic HEV in certain regions, direct contact with infectious animals or their products as well as environmental contamination.     

两株不同J亚群禽白血病毒株诱发组织增生病变和细胞因子表达的比较

旨在比较ALV-J-SD1005毒株和ALV-J-NX0101毒株感染鸡只致病性、诱发先天性免疫因子和致肿瘤因子表达的差异,用感染剂量为10³TCID50的两株病毒分别颈部皮下接种75只1日龄海兰褐鸡,感染后7、14、21 d检测体重、肿瘤病变、死亡率、血液和皮下纤维组织中病毒含量以及肝中鸡TRIM25、MDA5、IRF7、IFN-α/β、14-3-3σ、P53、STAT1等免疫因子或肿瘤因子的mRNA表达量。结果显示,雏鸡感染ALV-J-SD1005毒株后最早于第10天出现纤维组织增生,14 d致纤维组织增生率为100%(18/18),死亡率为5.2%(1/19);随着感染日龄的增加,增生组织指数和死亡率不断升高,21 d时分别达34.4%(74.5/209.5)和58.3%(7/12)。血液和皮下纤维组织的病毒载量显著升高;同时,显著上调鸡肝中MDA5、IRF7、P53等基因的表达量,下调IFN-α/β和14-3-3σ基因的表达量;而鸡TRIM25基因呈现感染早期(7 d)表达显著下调,后期(14~21 d)表达显著上调。ALV-J-NX0101毒株感染后21 d未检测到肿瘤发生,也没有鸡只死亡,但见鸡血液等组织中病毒载量显著增多,鸡TRIM25、MDA5、IRF7、IFN-β、IFN-α基因表达显著下降,STAT1基因表达显著上调。上述结果可以看出,ALV-J-SD1005毒株与ALV-J-NX0101毒株在感染鸡体内诱发不同的抗病毒反应和抗肿瘤反应,导致产生明显不同的病毒增殖和致病特点。本研究为深入理解两株ALV-J病毒致肿瘤机制、探索新诊断标识提供重要科学依据。     

表皮生长因子对葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导的结肠炎模型小鼠肠道损伤的修复研究

本文旨在讨论表皮生长因子(EGF)对葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导的结肠炎模型小鼠肠道损伤的修复作用。选用24只6周龄BALB/c小鼠,随机分为3组,即:正常对照组、DSS模型对照组、DSS+EGF组。正常对照组小鼠饮用自来水;DSS模型对照组小鼠在试验第1~7天饮用5%DSS水溶液,第8~10天饮用自来水;DSS+EGF组小鼠按照DSS模型对照组处理,同时每天皮下注射EGF 2次,共注射10 d。结果表明:1)与正常对照组相比,DSS模型对照组小鼠结肠长度极显著降低(P0.01);与DSS模型对照组相比,DSS+EGF组小鼠结肠长度极显著增加(P0.01)。2)DSS模型对照组小鼠结肠可见典型溃疡,结肠损伤程度评分(CDS)极显著高于正常对照组(P0.01);DSS+EGF组小鼠结肠组织未见溃疡,与DSS模型对照组相比,CDS极显著降低(P0.01)。3)与正常对照组相比,DSS模型对照组小鼠结肠紧密连接蛋白(Occludin)浓度显著降低(P0.05);与DSS模型对照组相比,DSS+EGF组小鼠结肠Occludin浓度显著升高(P0.05)。4)与正常对照组相比,DSS模型对照组小鼠结肠白细胞介素-2(IL-2)和白细胞介素-4(IL-4)浓度极显著降低(P0.01),白细胞介素-10(IL-10)浓度显著降低(P0.05);与DSS模型对照组相比,DSS+EGF组结肠IL-2和IL-4浓度极显著增加(P0.01),IL-10浓度显著增加(P0.05)。由此可见,EGF可能通过提高肠道Occludin表达水平,调节肠道细胞因子浓度趋于正常水平,从而修复受损肠道组织,维持肠道黏膜屏障的完整性。     

兰州银滩黄河湿地4种植物的光合特性

本研究以兰州银滩黄河湿地自然生长的千屈菜(Lythrum salicaria)、芦苇(Phragnites awstralis)、藨草(Scirpus triqueter)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)为研究对象,对4种典型植物生长季不同阶段的光合特性及其与环境因子间的关系进行比较分析,探讨了4种植物对湿地的适应特性和机制。结果表明,1)5月11日千屈菜、芦苇的净光合速率(P_n)呈不明显的双峰曲线,藨草和菖蒲的Pn变化较为平稳,日均P_n表现为芦苇千屈菜菖蒲藨草;8月19日,千屈菜、芦苇、藨草的Pn呈双峰曲线,光合"午休"现象明显,菖蒲为单峰曲线,日均Pn表现为芦苇菖蒲千屈菜藨草。2)5月11日,光合有效辐射(PAR)、大气温度(Ta)、大气CO_2浓度(C_a)、相对湿度(RH)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)、胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)、水分利用效率(WUE)与4种植物P_n的日变化存在不显著、显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01,P0.001)的正相关关系;8月19日,PAR、C_a、T_r、G_s、WUE、土壤湿度(SM)与4种植物P_n的日变化存在不显著、显著或极显著的正相关关系;3)5月11日,PAR、C_a、T_a、RH对4种植物的P_n影响较大,是主要的环境生理影响因子;8月19日,PAR、T_r对千屈菜、藨草的Pn影响最大,PAR、WUE对芦苇、菖蒲的P_n影响较大,是主要的环境生理影响因子。尽管各因子对4种植物的光合速率均有不同影响,但PAR是对植物光合生理特性产生影响的根本原因。     

怀孕期高原鼢鼠生物学特征与环境因子的关系分析

选择甘肃天祝县高原鼢鼠(Mospalax baileyi)2个地理位置不同的栖息地为研究区,以高原鼢鼠体重、胎数、妊娠率和种群密度作为其生物学特征指标,以2011~2013年归一化植被指数(NDVI)、年均降水量和年均温度为环境因子,分析二者的相关关系。结果表明:2个研究区域NDVI存在显著性差异(P0.05);除了2011年和2013年雌性体重存在差异外,2个区域高原鼢鼠体重、妊娠率、平均胎数和种群密度均无显著性差异(P0.05);雌雄个体重和平均胎数与NDVI呈负相关关系,妊娠率和种群密度与NDVI呈正相关关系;雄性个体重、胎数和种群密度与年均温呈负相关关系,雌性个体重和妊娠率与年均温呈正相关关系;雄性个体重、妊娠率、胎数和种群密度与年均降水量呈正相关关系,雌性个体重与年均降水量呈负相关关系,但高原鼢鼠各生物学指标与环境因子相关性均不显著(P0.05)。说明,高原鼢鼠体重、妊娠率、胎数和种群密度的变化与栖息地环境因子没有直接关系,生物学特征受环境因子的影响较小。     

高铜对大鼠肾细胞炎性因子和细胞增殖的影响

旨在探讨铜中毒对大鼠肾组织炎性因子的表达和细胞增殖功能的影响。本研究选用32只20日龄健康大鼠随机分为4组,每组8只,其中,对照组日粮的铜（Cu）浓度为15 mg·kg^-1;高铜Ⅰ组日粮Cu浓度为30 mg·kg^-1;高铜Ⅱ组日粮Cu浓度为60 mg·kg^-1;高铜Ⅲ组日粮Cu浓度为120 mg· kg^-1。连续饲喂6个月,检测肾组织Ki-67、PCNA、IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IL-18、NF-κB、TNF-α的mRNA及其蛋白的表达。随着日粮中铜含量增高,肾组织中Ki-67、PCNA mRNA及其蛋白表达量显著降低（P<0.05）。炎性因子IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IL-18、NF-κB、TNF-α mRNA的表达水平显著升高（P<0.05）,IL-1β蛋白的表达水平呈剂量依赖性上升,IL-6和IL-18蛋白表达水平先上升,后下降。结果表明,日粮铜含量高于30 mg·kg^-1时,将不同程度地抑制大鼠肾组织的细胞增殖,促进炎性因子的表达,造成炎性损伤。     

Virulence, cytotoxic and inflammatory activities of Vibrio anguillarum and Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from cultivated salmonid fish in Sweden

Extracellular products in culture filtrates of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes and Vibrio anguillarum isolated from infected fish have been shown to possess skin inflammatory factor. The extracellular products from Vibrio anguillarum were cytotoxic in HeLa and CHO cells. In addition to the skin lesions, the culture filtrates of V. anguillarum caused necrotic reaction on the rabbit skin. Five of 6 strains of V. anguillarum were lethal to mice after intraperitoneal administration of 3×10⁷ CFU. Only 1 strain of 5 A. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes produced extracellular products which elicited cytotoxic effects in the CHO cells. None of the A. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes strains were lethal to mice. The cytotoxins were inactivated when heated at 65°C for 30 min. The results indicate that the thermolabile exotoxins are non-enterotoxic since they failed to stimulate fluid accumulation in the rabbit ileal loop and did not cause elongation of the CHO cells. The rounding off of CHO cells, as well as of HeLa cells indicate that the exotoxins may play an important role in fish diseases.