低剂量复合螺旋藻多糖抗衰老作用研究

每天给小鼠灌服50mg/kg复合药物,同时每天给其颈背皮下注射D-半乳糖125mg/kg,连续造模42d后观察低剂量复合螺旋藻多糖、银杏叶提取物对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的作用,测定免疫器官的重量、血清SOD活性及心肌、脑丙二醛（MDA）含量等相关衰老指标。结果表明,低剂量复合螺旋藻多糖可显著对抗连续42d给D-半乳糖125mg/（kg.d）所致小鼠衰老。     

唐古特白刺种子浸提液对小麦种子发芽及生长的抑制效应

将唐古特白刺种子用蒸馏水浸种不同时间(12h、24h和36h),研究其浸提液对‘西旱1号’小麦种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:白刺种子水浸提液对小麦种子的发芽质量和幼苗生长均具有显著影响,随着白刺种子浸提时间的延长,其水浸提液对小麦种子发芽势和发芽率抑制作用增强.浸种36h的唐古特白刺种子水浸提液对小麦种子的发芽抑制作用最大,发芽率抑制活性达32.3%,浸种24h的水浸提液对小麦种子幼根的生长抑制作用最大,根长抑制活性达12.3%.     

提取技术对香榧假种皮提取物组成影响的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法、溶剂提取法和两步提取法对新鲜的和风干的香榧假种皮原料进行提取,从提取物得率、性状、组成成分和各成分含量等方面进行了研究。新鲜原料所得提取物得率高于风干原料,两步提取法所得提取物总得率高于另外两种方法。采用水蒸气蒸馏法,新鲜原料的提取得率为5.54%,风干原料为1.98%,GC和GC-MS分析结果表明新鲜原料主要成分为单萜类化合物,风干原料主要成分为倍半萜类化合物。新鲜原料的溶剂提取物得率高于水蒸气蒸馏法,且随着溶剂不同,得率略有变化,其中使用甲苯时得率为21.84%,使用正己烷时得率为16.01%,主要成分皆为二萜类物质;新鲜原料的两步法提取所得组分分为精油和提取物两部分,其中精油的得率、性状、组成与水蒸气蒸馏方法一致,提取物的得率、性状、组成接近于溶剂提取法,只是组分含量略有变化。对香榧假种皮进行两步法提取比较有利于精油和提取物的有效分离及利用。     

杧果皮不同萃取物抑菌活性初探

采用95%乙醇或95%甲醇粗提,乙酸乙酯或二氯甲烷再提,以抑制菌丝生长速率法测定了杧果皮萃取物对水稻纹枯病菌、小麦纹枯病菌和小麦赤霉病菌等10种病原菌的生物活性。结果表明:95%甲醇提取的萃取物比95%乙醇提取的萃取物对病菌的抑制率高,二氯甲烷萃取物又比乙酸乙酯萃取物的抑制率高;丙酮做溶媒比用无菌水做溶媒对病菌的抑制率高,但其本身对某些菌种的生长有一定程度的影响;95%甲醇提取的二氯甲烷萃取物对小麦赤霉病菌的毒力最强,EC50值为0.005741g/mL,95%乙醇提取的乙酸乙酯萃取物对水稻纹枯的毒力最低,EC50值为0.046160g/mL。     

Determination of nitrite in soil extracts and water samples by a nitrogen oxide electrode

Abstract

Work to evaluate the Orion nitrogen oxide electrode indicated that this electrode can be used satisfactorily for determination of nitrite in soil extracts and water samples. The electrode method of analysis described is simple, rapid, and precise, and its results agree closely with those obtained by the colorimetric method of Griess‐Ilosvay. The electrode method has the advantage that its results are not affected by color or turbidity or by Cu²⁺ and Hg²⁺ present in samples under analysis     

酶处理对绿茶浸提液成分及膜过滤通量影响的研究

为解决绿茶饮料生产中出现的沉淀问题，研究了酶处理对绿茶浸提液成分及膜通量的影响。结果表明双酶水解后绿茶汁的膜过滤通量比未经过酶处理的茶汁提高21%～40%；粘度下降6%～13%，氨基态氮增加11%～41%，而茶多酚、咖啡碱等成分变化不大。并且双酶混合酶解处理后的绿茶浸提液经过超滤能有效解决绿茶饮料“冷后浑”的现象。     

基于近红外漫反射光谱的云芝提取物多糖含量快速检测研究

为探索快速无损测定云芝提取物中多糖含量的方法,通过采集粉末状云芝提取物近红外光谱,经预处理和波段选择,结合间隔偏最小二乘法(iPLS)和反向区间偏最小二乘法(Bi-PLS),建立并优化云芝提取物多糖含量检测模型。结果表明,光谱区间为9 365.92~8 918.76 cm~(-1)和5 341.48~4 894.32cm~(-1),二阶导数(SD)预处理后,建立的反向区间偏最小二乘法模型更优,其校正决定系数(R_(cal))、校正均方根差(RMSECV)、验证决定系数(R_(val))和验证均方根差(RMSEP)可分别达到0.9089、0.00781、0.9879和0.00292。该模型可以更有效地优选建模所需波段,降低模型复杂度,降低多糖含量的检测成本,提高检测效率,实现云芝提取物多糖含量的快速、无损检测。     

茶树凋落叶浸提液对菘蓝生理生化的化感效应

为研究茶树凋落叶浸提液对菘蓝生长与生理生化的化感效应,以模拟自然条件下雨雾淋溶方式,采用不同浓度的茶树凋落叶浸提液(CK:0 mg·mL^-1、T1:6.25 mg·mL^-1、T2:12.5 mg·mL^-1、T3:25 mg·mL^-1和T4:50 mg·mL^-1)处理菘蓝,测定其生长、抗氧化酶活性及其基因表达量、细胞膜损伤率以及丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)、渗透调节物质和次生代谢物含量的变化。结果表明,茶树凋落叶浸提液对菘蓝生长表现出"低促高抑"的浓度效应,与CK相比,T1对菘蓝生长具有一定的促进作用,而浸提液浓度超过菘蓝的耐受阈值时,会对其生长产生不利的影响。随着浸提液浓度的升高,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量呈先上升后下降的趋势,而脯氨酸含量则持续增加。与CK相比,T1的MDA含量、细胞膜损伤率和H₂O含量差异不显著,而T3、T4则显著升高。茶树凋落叶浸提液对抗氧化酶活性及其基因表达有不同的影响,T1的过氧...     

The effect of low-molecular-weight organic acids and inorganic phosphorus concentration on the determination of soil phosphorus by the molybdenum blue reaction

Low-molecular-weight organic acids play an important role in the mobilization of soil phosphorus (P). The molybdate blue colorimetric method, based on the formation of P molybdenum blue compound, is commonly used for analysis of phosphate in soil and environmental samples. However, some organic acids can act as a ligand to bond with molybdenum acid, which subsequently interfere with the colorimetric reaction. The recoveries of P were inhibited by the addition of oxalic (>2 mM) and citric acids (>3 mM) both in standard P solutions and soil extracts, but formic and maleic acids did not interfere with the P determination. The inhibition of oxalic and citric acids on P recovery remained even at higher level of P (up to 100 μg P 100 ml⁻¹) though such interferences decreased by increasing P concentration. Comparison between oxalic and citric acids revealed the more pronounced interference by the addition of oxalic acid. The results suggested that the interference of organic acids with P determination is related to the types of organic acids and the ratio of organic acid ligands to P anions in the solutions. Thus, analysis of P using the molybdate blue colorimetric method should be undertaken cautiously in the presence of relative strong ligands like oxalic and citric acids.     

宛氏拟青霉提取物诱导小白菜抗低温胁迫的作用机理

为了揭示宛氏拟青霉提取物(ZNC)诱导小白菜抗低温胁迫的作用机理,本研究以黄秧小白菜为试验材料,探究叶喷不同浓度(20、30、40 ng·mL-1)ZNC对低温下小白菜生长的影响.结果表明,低温下,与清水对照相比,喷施不同浓度的ZNC均可显著提高小白菜的SPAD值、株高和地上部鲜重.ZNC还提高了小白菜叶片内超氧化物歧...